HOME ABOUT LOG IN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Home > Archives > Vol 12, No 7
July 2014
Table of Contents
Improved Information Systems Model for Bangladesh PDF
Jahangir Alam S.M., Hu Guoqing, M. Rabiul Alam, Md. Golam Kibria, Md. Abdul Malek
4893-4899
Design and Implementation of PV Poultry Incubator Using PLC
Nithin T Abraham, Shaema Lizbeth Mathew, C.A Pradeep Kumar 4900-4904
Communication and Calibraton of Sensing Meters
Harrouz Abdelkader, Omar Harrouz, Ali Benatiallah 4905-4914
Sensitivity Factor Based Optimal Location of SVC on Transmission Network
T. D. Sudhakar 4915-4923
Modeling of Tunnel Junction (GaAs) in the Cascade Solar Cell
Dennai Benmoussa, Benslimane H, Helmaoui A, Hemmani A 4924-4927 Theoretical Study of Multiple Solar Cells System as a Function of PDF
Vol 12, No 7 http://www.iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/TELKOMNIKA/issue/v...
Temperature
Ben Slimane Hassane, Ben Moussa Dennai, Helmaoui Abderrachid 4928-4933
Behavior of DFIG Wind Turbine During Unbalanced Grid Voltage
Omer Elfaki, Wang Zezhong, Liu Qihui 4934-4943 Study on the Acceptance Test Specification of Grid-connected
Micro-grid
Le Jian, Tao Mao, Yang Zhichun, Liu Yang, Liu Kaipei 4944-4953 A Reliability Evaluation of High Speed Railway Traction Substation
Based on the GO-FLOW Methodology
Li Liang, Feng Zhao, Sihua Wang 4954-4962 Research on Zigbee Network Temperature Sensor in Intelligent
High-Voltage Switch Cabinet
Xin-bo Huang, Yang Zhao, Xiao-hui Zhao, Zhi-jun Liao 4963-4972 Short-Term Prediction of Wind Power Based on an Improved PSO
Neural Network
Hong Zhang, Guo Zhao, Lixing Chen, Bailiang Liu 4973-4980 An approach for Assessing Harmonic Emission Level Based on Robust
Partial Least Squares Regression
Xiang Li, Minyou Chen, Yongwei Zheng, Shan Cheng, Feng Li 4981-4987
Electromagnetic-thermal Scale Model of Gas-Insulated Bus Bars
Hongtao Li, Naiqiu Shu, Ling Li, Hui Peng, Zipin Li 4988-4995
A Design of Rapid Pulsed Intelligent Charging Circuit
Zhang Lefang, Li Xiaohong, Ren Zhihong 4996-5002 Three-Dimensional Thermal Analysis of Three-Phase Enclosed GIS
Bus Bars
Hongtao Li, Naiqiu Shu, Ling Li 5003-5010 Analysis of Weak Position in Overhead line under Heavy Icing
Condition by Finite Element Method
Gan Yan, Liu Chao, Ruan Jiangjun, Li Jinliang, Du Zhiye, Hu Yuanchao 5011-5021 A Novel SSR Mitigation Method Based on GCSC in DFIG with Series
Connected Compensator
Zakieldeen Elhassan, Li Yang, Tang Yi 5022-5036
Dynamic characteristics analysis of WEDM based on Ansys and LMS
Jingxing Qi, Changtao Cai, Zhixing Mao, Dongdong Luo 5037-5043
The 3D Modeling of Cutting Force in High-speed Milling for Flat Mill
Yueqi Guan, Hanqing Guan, Gaosheng Wang, Ping Yuan 5044-5051 Multi-Area Automatic Generation Control Scheme including Renewable
Energy Sources
Sandeep Bhongade, Barjeev Tyagi, H.O. Gupta 5052-5070 Effect of Contamination on Electric Field Distribution of DC Voltage
Divider
Caibo Liao, Ruan Jiangjun, Du Zhiye, Liu Chao 5071-5077 A Harmonic Analysis Method Based on Harris Window for Digital
Substation
Luo Hanwu 5078-5085
Determining LBMP through Optimal Power Flow in the Electric Power Business
Hermagasantos Zein, Yusra Sabri, Erwin Dermawan 5086-5095 Transformer State Assessment Method Based on Fuzzy and Evidence
Theories
Xie Jianghong, Wang Haipeng, Nie Dexin, Song You, Cai Wei 5096-5103 Implementation of Smart Metering Systems: Challenges and
Solutions
Hossein Shahinzadeh, Ayla Hasanalizadeh-Khosroshahi 5104-5109 An Exact Model for Rotor Field-Oriented Control of Single-Phase PDF
Vol 12, No 7 http://www.iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/TELKOMNIKA/issue/v...
Induction Motors
Mohammad Jannati, Ali Monadi, Sajad A. Anbaran, Nik Rumzi Nik Idris, Mohd Junaidi Abdul Aziz
5110-5120
Solution Trajectories for a Single-Phase Programmed PWM Inverter
Ayong Hiendro, Syaifurrahman Syaifurrahman, Dedi Triyanto, Junaidi Junaidi 5121-5128 Investigating the Effect of Different PWM Modes on Ripple Reduction
in Five-Phase BLDC Motor with New Method PDF
Seyed Mohsen Mirbagheri, Seyed Sajjad Salehi GHalehsefid, Seyed Mohammad Hossein Mousavi
5129-5136
dsPIC33 Based Control for PV-Grid System with a Buck-Boost MPPT
Slamet Riyadi 5137-5143
Direct Virtual Power Control
Li Xiang, Han Minxiao 5144-5153
Power Loss Research on IGCT-applied NPC Three-level Converter
Dong Xu, MinXiao Han, Lei Wan 5154-5162 Design and Simulation Low Voltage Single-Phase Transformerless
Photovoltaic Inverter
Rajendra R Aparnathi, Ved Vyas Dwivedi 5163-5173
Circuit Design of Digital Closed Loop Control System for FOG
Qiudong Sun, Yufeng Shao, Jiancun Zuo, Liandong Wang, Lin Gui 5174-5184
The Transmission Properties of Coated THz Teflon Tube
Wu Pan, Tian bo Duo, Zichen Liu, Jun Chen 5185-5190
Digital Image Storage System Based on USB and NAND Flash
Yongjun Cui, Wei Liu 5191-5196
Design of 3-Bit ADC in 0.18 µm CMOS Process PDF
Mohammad Marufuzzaman, Syarizal Z. Abidin, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz, Labonnah Farzana Rahman
5197-5203
An Improved A Low Power CMOS TIQ Comparator Flash ADC
A Al, Mamun B. Ibne Reaz, J. Jalil, Mohd. Alauddin Bin Mohd. Ali 5204-5210 Red (SrCa)AlSiN3:Eu2+ Nitride Phosphor Particle Size of Phosphor
Converted Warm White LEDs
Peng Hui Yuen, Hsien Shiung Hwang, Mutharasu Devarajan 5211-5216
Optimal Feedback Control of Vehicle Vibration with Eight Degrees of Freedom
Ali Hemati, Mehdi Tajdari, Ahmadreza Khoogar 5217-5224 Simplifications of the Rule base for the stabilization of Inverted
Pendulum System
Tharwat O. S. Hanafy, Mohamed K Metwally 5225-5234
Wavelet Kernel Based on Identification for Nonlinear Hybrid Systems
Hamid Nourisola 5235-5243
Delay Separated Neural Network Inverse Control in Main-Steam Temperature System
Lingfang Sun, Yihang Li, Dan Li 5244-5250 Adaptive Hybrid Synchronization of Lorenz-84 System with Uncertain
Parameters
Edwin Albert Umoh 5251-5260
Identification of Nonlinear System Based on Fuzzy Model with Enhanced Gradient Search
Arbab Nighat Khizer, Dai Yaping, Amir Mahmood Soomro, Xu Xiang Yang 5261-5267
A New Anti-Windup PI Controller for Direct Torque Control System
Li Qi Meng, Miao Jing Li 5268-5274
Vol 12, No 7 http://www.iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/TELKOMNIKA/issue/v...
Dynamic Sliding Mode Control of Ship Rudder-fin Joint Nonlinear System
Han Yao zhen 5275-5283
Adaptive Neural Network Approach for a Class of Uncertain Non-affine Nonlinear Systems
Hui Hu, Yingjun Wang, Xilong qu 5284-5292 SISO P-ILC Algorithm for Output Data Dropouts and Its Application in
Wastewater Biological Treatment Plant
Gu Qun, Hao Xiaohong, Li Zhuoyue, Wang Hua 5293-5297
Wind-Induced Vibration Analysis of Overhead Working Truck
Hongqi Jiang, Shuncai Li, Xianbiao Mao 5298-5304 Anti-interference Tracking Methods of Maneuvering Target for
Structure Random Jump Systems
Jianfeng Wu, Shucai Huang, Xiaoyan Wu, Yu Zhong, Hongxia Kang, Chengjing Li 5305-5315 Algorithm of Multi Sensor Data Fusion based on BP Neural Network
and Multi-scale Model Predictive Control
Guo Wang, Dong Dai 5316-5323
Sensor Fusion via Brain Emotional Learning for Ground Vehicle
Alvaro Vargas-Clara, Sangram Redkar 5324-5330 A Virtual Physics-based Approach to Multiple Odor Sources
Localization
Xiaoping Ma, Yuli Zhang, Yanzi Miao 5331-5341 Dynamic Error Analysis of CMM Based on Variance Analysis and
Improved PLSR
Zhang Mei, Cheng Fang, Li Guihua 5342-5349 Design of Decentralized Controller for Interactive Processes through
Relative Frequency Array
R.Hanuma Naik, D.V. Ashok Kumar, K.S.R. Anjaneyulu 5350-5361 Controlled Synchronization by Limited Capacity Communication
Channel
Ziqi Dong, Yongchun Liu, Da Lin 5362-5367
Characteristics Analysis and Detection Algorithm of Mosquitoes
Jahangir Alam S.M., Hu Guoqing, Cheng Chen 5368-5378 Multi-user Detection Based on Gaussian Sum Particle Filter in
Impulsive Noise
Li Zhihui, xian Jin-Long 5379-5386
Study on Mahalanobis Discriminant Analysis of EEG Data
Yuan Shi, Linlin Yu, Fang Qin 5387-5391
Research on Operating Condition Effect on the Shock Pulse Method PDF
Ruifeng Zhang, Jianshe Kang, Lishan Hao, Xinghui Zhang, Hongzhi Teng, Haiping Li
5392-5398
Research of Blind Forensics Algorithm on Digital Image Tampering
Hongying Jin 5399-5407
A New Digital Image Hiding Algorithm Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition
Yueli Cui, Shiqing Zhang, Zhigang Chen, Wei Zheng 5408-5413 The Navel Orange Sugar and Acidity Quantitative Prediction Model
Optimization Research by Second Generation Wavelet Transform
Zhao Ke, Yang Han, Wang Zhong, Wang Qi 5414-5419
Study of Additive Dither on Restraining Signal Truncation Error
Tao Liu, Shulin Tian, Zhigang Wang, Lianping Guo 5420-5429 Stochastic Synchronization of Neutral-Type Chaotic Markovian Neural
Networks with Impulsive Effects
Cheng-De Zheng, Xixi Lv 5430-5437
Vol 12, No 7 http://www.iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/TELKOMNIKA/issue/v...
Image segmentation Based on Chaotic Quantum Ant Colony Algorithm
Li Jiying, Dang Jianwu, Wang Yangping, Wang Xiaopeng 5438-5447
QC LDPC Codes for MIMO and Cooperative Networks using Two Way Normalized Min-Sum Decoding
Waheed Ullah, Yang Fengfan, Abid Yahya 5448-5457 Performance Analysis of A Hybrid Mimo Technique for High Rate
Wireless Communication System
Kehinde Odeyemi, Erastus Ogunti 5458-5468
Rateless Codes Design Scheme Based on Two Stages
Yunji Li, Xiaolong Yang, Keping Long 5469-5475 An ICVBPNN Algorithm for Time-varying Channel Tracking and
Prediction
Sufang Li, Mingyan Jiang, Dongfeng Yuan 5476-5483
A Survey on Clustering Routing Protocols Based on PSO in WSN
Enyan Sun 5484-5490
Variable Step Size Blind Equalization based on Sign Gradient Algorithm
Ying Xiao, Fuliang Yin 5491-5498 Spatial Characteristics of Wireless Channel in Tunnel with Imperfect
Walls
Yi Zhang, Zhao Xu, Bo-Ming Song, Yu Huo 5499-5507 Analysis and Design of Complementary Ring Type Metamaterial Filter
in THz Wave Domain
Wu Pan, Jun Chen, Tianbo Duo, Zichen Liu 5508-5513
A Study of Cognitive Technology OFDM System and Frame Structure
Hua Hou, Wei Zhang 5514-5521
Mathematical Programming Model on Joint and Recovery of Paper Scrap
Zhixia JIANG, Haifeng LUO, Jianjun YANG, Zhengqiang WEN 5522-5528 Sequence Clustering Algorithm Based on Weighed Sequential Pattern
Similarity
Di Wu, Jiadong Ren 5529-5536
Performance Analysis of Pathfinding Algorithms Based On Map Distribution
Yan Li, Zhenhua Zhou, Wenju Zhao 5537-5545 Fuzzy c-Means and Mean Shift Algorithm for 3DPoint Clouds
Denoising
Tongguang Ni, Xiaoqing Gu, Hongyuan Wang 5546-5551 Measurement Method of the Grain Quantity Based on The Ground
Pressure
Fan Chao, Zhang Dexian, Yang Tiejun, Fu Hongliang 5552-5558 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Based Task Scheduling with QoS Preference
Awareness
Juan Wang 5559-5566
Reduction on Propositional Logic Set based on Correlation Analysis
Zhi Huilai 5567-5574
Construction of Geological Knowledge-based Systems of Railway Route Selection
Lv Xikui, Zhou Xiaoping, He Bin 5575-5584
Polygraph Survey and Evaluation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Zhixia Jiang, Yibo Liu, Pinchao Meng 5585-5590 Construction Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network based on
Centralized Clustering Routing and Time Division Multiplexing MAC Protocol
Vol 12, No 7 http://www.iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/TELKOMNIKA/issue/v...
Shitao Yan, Mianrong Yang 5591-5598
Key Internet of Things Technology and Application Research
Xu Bing 5599-5602
Implementation of Input-Process-Output Model for Measuring Information System Project Success
A'ang Subiyakto, Abd. Rahman Ahlan 5603-5612 Detecting Rice Growth Using ALOS Multispectral and Synthetic
Aperture Radar
Bambang Hendro Trisasongko, Dyah Retno Panuju, La Ode Syamsul Iman 5613-5620
Object Tracking Based on Multiple Features Adaptive Fusion
Jie Cao, Leilei Guo, Jinhua Wang, Di Wu 5621-5628
A Study of a New Intelligent Key System for Substation
Dan Chen, Yefei Yue, Hongfen Jiang, Xiaorong Zhao, Liyuan Wang 5629-5635 Information Technology Governance Archetype in an Indonesian
University
Riza Afriza Islami, I Made Sukarsa, I Ketut Adi Purnawan 5636-5644 Digital Image Stabilization Based on Improved Scale Invariant
Feature Transform
Xiaoran Guo, Shaohui Cui, Dan Fang 5645-5654
Sketching Expert System for Crime Investigation Purposes
Bagus Yudistira, I Ketut Gede Darma Putra, Anak Agung Kompyang Oka Sudana 5655-5660 Key Technology on Middleware-based Dynamic Traffic Information
Platform
Lei Wu, Tai Yang, Licai Yang 5661-5568
Hypertension Expert System with C5.0 Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic PDF
I Gusti Made Ngurah Ardi Yasa, I Ketut Gede Darma Putra, Ni Md Ika Marini Mandenni
5569-5677
Framework of Software Testing Based on Cloud Computing
Yang Bensehng, Yuan Xiangmeng, Huang Xiaoguang 5678-5684
Application of Boosting Algorithm in Spam Filtration
Wencheng Gu 5685-5692
Partitioning of Oracle Application in Structured Electronic Medical Records
Chaundi Pan, Jiandong Hu, Jian Shi 5693-5698
ISSN: 2087-278X
CONTACT:
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES) email: info@iaesjournal.com, admin@iaesjournal.com.
Copyright © 2012 IAES Intitute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Vol 12, No 7 http://www.iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/TELKOMNIKA/issue/v...
TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering
Vol.12, No.7, July 2014, pp. 5636 ~ 5644
DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v12i7.5724 5636
Received February 1, 2013; Revised March 21, 2014; Accepted April 12, 2014
Information Technology Governance Archetype in an
Indonesian University
Riza Afriza Islami1, I Made Sukarsa2, I Ketut Adi Purnawan3
Department of Information Technology, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia, Telp. 0361-7853533
Corresponding author, e-mail: riza_islami@yahoo.co.id1, e_arsa@yahoo.com2,
adipurnawan@it.unud.ac.id3
Abstract
Information Technology (IT) governance is used as a structure and control in alignment of IT functions and business goals. One of ABC University’s business goal is to achieve World Class University in 2021. This paper presents a study in one of IT governance’s component, likely structure of IT decisions right or archetype. It is needed to evaluate right applied archetype to achieve the alignment of business goals on five keys of IT decisions, namely IT principles, IT architecture, IT infrastructure, business application needs, and IT investment. COBIT 4.1 and the research of Weill and Ross (CISR) were used as the framework. The study was conducted by collecting data through observation, questionnaires, and interviews, as well as data analysis based on the existing conditions, and respondents’ perception.The analysis shows that there are still weaknesses in the existing IT governance conditions and archetype, so as it’s advisable the appropriate improvement recommendations.
Keywords: IT governance, archetype, COBIT 4.1, CISR framework, IT alignment
Copyright © 2014 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
ABC University is a public university in Indonesia with some goals, one of which is to achieve World Class University title in 2021. ABC University makes use of IT on its business procesess [1]. ABC University has three different campus locations with the number of students and staffs are approximately 20.506 and 1.614 in sequence. ABC University has thirteen faculties and is B accredited. ABC University is led by Rector and assisted by four vice Rectors (PR), specifically PR I (Academic), PR II (Finance), PR III (Student and Alumni), and PR IV (Planning, Development, Cooperation, and Information System). ABC University has already had an IT unit under PR IV, however the command line indicates that the unit is operational only in charge of assisting the procurement of IT in university [2]. IT units are not fully entitled to give decisions related to IT in institution.
Information Technology (IT) governance is an integral part of organization which consists of organizational structure as well as leadership of decision-making rights specification, processes and accountability framework at corporate level. The purpose of IT governance is to ensure IT aligned with organization’s business goals and to achieve IT desirable behaviour [3-6]. In essence, the main focus of IT governance is not about what decisions were made but who has the right to decide and how that person is responsible for his role [7]. The presence of CIO is one characteristic of a good IT governance archetype. CIO is responsible for the right decision of IT. Generally, CIO’s role in IT governance is operational and strategic, and the other role is as being a leader, spokesperson, supervisor, and regulating the resources allocation [8].
COBIT is one of government polices, legislation, and standards [9]. COBIT 4.1 is common to many types of companies and organizations and also can be used to achieve good governance [10]. COBIT 4.1 has 34 general objectives control, 318 detailed control objectives, and 4 domains [4, 11]. COBIT 4.1 provides management with more detailed instructions and more up-to-date information related to IT governance [12].
TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046
Information Technology Governance Archetype in an Indonesian University (Riza Afriza Islami)
5637
principles, IT architecture, IT infrastructures, business application needs, and IT investment [7]. ‘how’ question describes the decision making mechanism which consists of decision-making structure, alignment process, and personal communication approach [5].
Research on IT governance have been done in some organizations including universities. One of it is about IT governance structure in University of Cincinnati (UC). IT unit’s performance was considered less effective to achieve IT needs in all business units, so as the initial step was carried out in the recast of IT governance by putting CIO aligned with vice president on senior management [13]. Acklesh P, Peter G, and Jon H conducted a research about the effectiveness of IT governance structure by using Collaborative Organizational Structure (COS) to manage IT resources [14]. Donald Z and Judith A conducted a research on IT governance structures at the University of California which has decentralization IT governance pattern with many business units and research units. University of California made the office of the CIO, IST restructuring into Service-oriented organization, and also aligning governance with the campus budget [15].
Paul B, May-yin D, and Fiona H conducted a research about factors influencing IT governance. Those factors are a shared understanding of business and IT objectives, active involvement of IT steering commitees, a balance of business and IT representatives in IT decisions, comprehensive and well-communicated IT strategies and policies, and plays a role in fostering project success and delivering business value [16]. Ronald Y and Jack M indicated that CIOs, senior management, and business units do not work together in several universities in the United States and Canada. It specifically results that most of the universities were assessed by using the combination archetype of IT duopoly, IT monarchy, and federal [17].
This paper is focused on providing recommendations to the existing IT governance condition and archetype that can be applied to get the best practices and improve the performance of IT at ABC University. The recommendation is also adapting the success stories of previous studies that have not been applied to universities in Indonesia.
2. Research Method
ISSN: 2302-4046
TELKOMNIKA Vol. 12, No. 7, July 2014: 5636 – 5644 5638
2.1. Literature Study and Observation
Literature study was done to get the theory and methods that supports this study. Observation was done by studying the university’s documents in order to know the background, business goals, strategic objectives, organizational chart as well as IT unit structure [2].
2.2. Mapping COBIT 4.1 and CISR
The initial stage was mapping business goals of ABC University to COBIT 4.1. Mapping was done by business goals identification, IT goals identification, and IT process identification [4, 11]. The next step was mapping the acquired IT process to CISR. IT processes that will be used as questionnaire’s items are those that intersects with CISR according to Table 1 [18].
Table 1. Mapping COBIT and CISR COBIT (IT
Direct intersects are indicated by black cells and indirect intersects are indicated by grey cells.
2.3. Data Collection
Data was collected through questionnaires survey and interviews. Questionnaires were given to respondents consisted of three types, namely importance level of IT process questionnaire which derived from the previous mapping, importance level of IT in university’s business process questionnaire, and IT process decision-making right questionnaire. Questionnaires’ respondents were senior management (Rector and Vice Rector), head of IT unit, head of business units, deans, and head of departments who were considered to understand about IT and business process in ABC University.
TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046
Information Technology Governance Archetype in an Indonesian University (Riza Afriza Islami)
5639
importance of IT in ABC University. Measurement scores on the questionnaire used five-points Likert Scale which consists of strongly unimportant, not important, not sure, important and very important [10, 19].
IT process decision-making right questionnaire was used to obtain the respondents’ perceptions about who is in charge of making decision about IT procesess in ABC University. This questionnaire’s option was adapted from the decision-making mechanism matrix [3] and result of IT process from mapping COBIT 4.1 and CISR [20].
The interview method used semi-structured interview with IT unit as the interviewee. Semi-structured interview is effective to obtain a wide information [21]. Questions list were adapted from working report by Weill and Ross at some companies. Meanwhile, the questions rose related to IT five keys decisions [22].
2.4. Data Processing and Test
Data processing was performed to obtain the questionnaire result which has been answered by the respondents. Data processing was done by calculating Likert Scale and calculating the percentage of answers. Validity and reliability test of respondents’ answers also performed at this stage. Testing the data validity used criteria or empirical validity method whereas reliability test used non split technique with alpha coeficient [23].
2.5. Data Analysis
Data analysis was done by three parts, namely existing IT governance condition and archetype analysis, repondents’ perceptions analysis, as well difference between existing and perceptions analysis. The interview result with IT unit was used as existing IT governance condition and archetype analysis. Respondents illustrated about an ideal archetype that is suitable to be applied at ABC University and the IT importance level at university according to their perceptions. The presentation of these analysis were described in decision-making matrix [3, 7].
2.6. Improvement Recommendation
A further recommendation was given in accordance with gap analysis between existing and ideal archetype. Some of improvement recommendations and proposed archetype were adapted from several companies and other institutions’ IT governance best practice and success stories [13-17].
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Result of Mapping COBIT 4.1 and CISR
The result of mapping business goals to COBIT 4.1 and CISR is 20 IT processes at 3 domains. Mapping result of ABC University’s business goals to COBIT 4.1 and CISR are shown at Table 2. Those results are used as statements item on IT process importance level and IT process decision-making right questionnaire.
Table 2. IT Process from Mapping COBIT 4.1 and CISR
Domain IT Process
PO PO1, PO2, PO3, PO4, PO5, PO6 AI AI1, AI2, AI3, AI6,
AI7
DS
DS3, DS4, DS5, DS6, DS8, DS9, DS10, DS11, DS12
3.2. Result of Data Processing and Test
ISSN: 2302-4046
TELKOMNIKA Vol. 12, No. 7, July 2014: 5636 – 5644 5640
Figure 2. Importance Level of IT in University’s Business Process Based on
Respondents’ Response
Figure 3. Importance Level of IT Process Based on Respondents’ Response
Blue and green area on Figure 2 and 3 above shows that IT process is really important to be applied and also ABC University needs IT on its business process. In addition all respondents’ responses are valid and reliable, so those data could be proceed to the analysis.
3.3. Analysis of Existing IT Governance Condition and Archetype
The data analyzed were from the result of interview with IT unit at ABC University. Questions posed were related to five keys decisions about IT. According to the interviewee, IT principles are decided by a commitee team which consists of senior management, head of IT unit, and head of business units. All of their statements are used as organization’s strategy plan according to the needs of each unit.
According to the interviewee, IT unit has a grand design of architecture that would be used by the organization. This decision-making about grand design was decided together by PR IV and IT unit. The grand design includes an overview of IT architecture to the level of faculties and even departments. However the distance and the different of campus location became the reasons why IT unit could not cover all of the IT needs in each department. This is also due to the limitations of devices and funds. Rector’s statement that “This university would be like an information archipelago and unites to the same goal”, explained that data weren’t yet integrated in ABC University. However, IT unit has been already providing the data warehouse to accomodate all data.
IT unit has staffs for maintenance, but only for the service which was held by IT unit. If the business unit held IT by its own, than the responsibility doesn’t lies in the IT unit. This shows that business unit has its own freedom to decide its IT and could lead to more unintegrated informations. The interviewee also suggested that each of business unit has its own IT staffs to perform maintenance on their own without waiting for IT unit, because IT unit only have a little number of human resources to deal with all of the maintenances in university.
Figure 4. Existing IT Decision-making Right Matrix Based on Interview Result
72 244 0
Importance Level of IT
in University's Business
Process Based on
Respondents' …
Very Important
Important
73 252 0
Importance Level of IT
Process Based on
Respondents'
Response
TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046
Information Technology Governance Archetype in an Indonesian University (Riza Afriza Islami)
5641
According to the interviewee, IT investment has not been done in ABC University. However, if there is an offer of cooperation from another parties, then the decision-making right go to senior management and the head of IT unit. Result of the interview is shown in existing decision-making right matrix at ABC University in Figure 4.
Figure 4 above shows that existing archetype at ABC University is the combination of federal and IT duopoly. Federal type is used to make a decision about IT principles. IT principles was decided together by commitee team. IT duopoly is used to decide IT architecture, IT infrastructure, business application needs, and IT investment. One of decision-making example is that IT unit and business unit decide about IT infrastructure and application based on business unit’s needs, because business unit is the one who knows about their need specifically.
3.4. Analysis of Ideal Archetype Based on Respondents’ Perceptions
This analysis is based on the result of IT process decision-making right questionnaire. The result of the respondents’ responses is shown in ideal decision-making right matrix based on respondents’ perception at ABC University in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Ideal IT Decision-making Right Matrix Based on Respondents’ Perception
Figure 5 shows that the ideal types based on the respondents’ perceptions are business monarchy type on IT principles and IT investment, IT monarchy on IT architecture, IT infrastructure, and business application procurement.
3.5. Analysis of Differences between Existing and Perception Archetype
The result of the analysis shows that there is a big difference between existing and perceptions archetype. Table 3 provides the differences of both.
Table 3. Differences between Existing and Respondents’ Perceptions Archetype IT Decisions Existing Archetype Respondents’ Perception Archetype
IT Principles Federal Business Monarchy
IT Architecture IT Duopoly IT Monarchy IT Infrastructure IT Duopoly IT Monarchy Business Application Needs IT Duopoly IT Monarchy
IT Investment IT Duopoly Business Monarchy
ISSN: 2302-4046
TELKOMNIKA Vol. 12, No. 7, July 2014: 5636 – 5644 5642
However, business monarchy on IT principles could lead to a more centralized IT governance pattern, while centralized type is not suitable to be applied at an organization that has many business units like ABC University.
IT monarchy type was chosen by respondents to decide about IT architecture and infrastructure. IT unit is considered to be expert and better on understanding IT needs in organization. It’s not suitable to apply IT duopoly type because it will slow down the speed and the effectiveness of IT decision-making. In addition business monarchy was chosen to be applied at IT investment decision because senior management is considered to know better about the budget priority to cover all needs of university including IT.
3.6. Proposed Archetype and Improvement Recommendation
Based on the analysis above, ABC University has considered IT as an important part of achieving business goals, proofed by the presence of IT unit and the high number of IT importance level. However the problem is there is no CIO or IT professional exist in senior management (corporate level) level. Eventhough PR IV (Planning, Development, Cooperation, and Information System) also handles information system, it was considered to be not focused enough on IT. This could delay the communication to all business units about IT desirable behavior and IT decisions that have been made. It also can make misperception about IT unit is being unresponsive.
The improvement recommendation is to put CIO aligned with senior management. However, if it’s not possible to do so, education and extensive training process of IT governance can be done in senior management level as the ITIL standard, so that IT can be well-communicated to all units. Moreover, CIO as the senior management representative can be directly involved in IT projects, so as the senior management’s oversight is still running.
The proposed of IT governance archetype is IT duopoly on IT principles and business application procurement, IT monarchy on IT architecture and IT infrastructure, and business monarchy on IT investments and prioritization. This proposed archetype is adapted from previous top governance archetype studies in another companies and universities. The adaption also was done by observing ABC University’s concern to grow and evolve for achieving World Class University in 2021. The matrix of proposed IT governance archetype is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Matrix of Proposed IT Governance Archetype for ABC University
3.7. Result Comparison between other Universities
TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046
Information Technology Governance Archetype in an Indonesian University (Riza Afriza Islami)
5643
A research which conducted by Aradea, Asep I, and Reza El A in one of institution in Indonesia showed that IT is a separate part of its business prosess. IT Governance archetype that used by Institution X was Business Monarchy on IT principles and IT investment, Federal on IT architecture and business application needs, and Feudal on IT infrastructure. The recommendation that given by Aradea was to implement IT duopoly for IT architecture and IT infrastructure and also to establish IT unit at Institution X [24]. Meanwhile, this research indicated that ABC University has already looked IT as part of its process business and also as a support to achieve organizations business goals. ABC University already had IT unit, so the selection of apropriate archetype which already mentioned previously in proposed archetype and improvement recommendation can improve the alignment between IT and business goals.
4. Conclusion
The result shows that there are 20 IT processes on 3 domains corresponding to COBIT and CISR mapping in ABC University. IT process importance level is about 97% which is very high and also used to achieve short-term and long-term business goals. This research has successfully analyzed and proposed an ideal IT governance archetype to ABC University. One of the recommendations is to put CIO aligned with senior management, which is really challenging because most of the universities in Indonesia have not assigned CIO on senior management level. This research is expected to be a reference for future research on IT governance archetype especially at universities in Indonesia. Future studies are expected to be able to use more than two frameworks other than those used in this study.
References
[1] ABC University. Rencana Strategis Universitas ABC 2010-2014. ABC University. 2010.
[2] ABC University. Laporan Kinerja Akuntabilitas Instansi Pemerintah Universitas ABC. ABC University. 2012.
[3] Peter W, Jeanne R. IT Governance: How Top Performers Manage IT Decisions Rights for Superior Results. Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press. 2004.
[4] IT Governance Insitute Team. COBIT 4.1: Framework, Control Objective, Management Guidelines, Maturity Models. USA: IT Governance Institute. 2007.
[5] Jogiyanto, Willy A. Sistem Tatakelola Teknologi Informasi. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi. 2011. [6] Wim Van G. Strategic for Information Technology Governance. USA: Idea Group Publishing. 2004.
[7] Peter W. Don’t Just Lead, Govern: How Top-Performing Firms Govern IT. MIS Quarterly Executive.
2004; 8(1): 1-17.
[8] Karlsen J, Andersen J, Birkely L, Odegard E. An Empirical Study of Critical Success Factors in IT
Projects. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development. 2006; 3(4): 297-311.
[9] Devki G, Ravi K, Prashant S, Sushli K, Monark B, Vrijendra S. A Novel Open Security Framework for
Cloud Computing. International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science (IJ-CLOSER).
2012; 1(2): 45-52.
[10] Gusti Ayu T, Sukarsa M, I Putu Agung B. Governance Audit of Application Procurement Using COBIT
Framework. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. 2014; 59(2): 342-351.
[11] Dian Sasmita R, I Putu Agung B, Sukarsa M. Measuring the Performance of IT Management Financial
Enterprise by Using COBIT. Information Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business.
2014; 6(1): 15-24.
[12] Sukarsa M, Maria Yulita P, I Ketut Adi P. Assessment of COBIT Maturity Level with Existing
Conditions from Auditor. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security. 2012;
10(6): 41-49.
[13] Albrecht B, Judith P. Using an IT Governance Structure to Achieve Alignment at The University of
Cincinnati. Center of Applied Research. 2004; 4.
[14] Acklesh P, Peter G, Jon H. On IT Governance Structures and Their Effectiveness in Collaboration
Organizational Structures. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems. 2012; 13(3):
199-220.
[15] Donald Z, Judith A. Reforming IT Governance at Berkeley: Introducing an Enterprise Perspective to a
Decentralized Organization. Center of Applied Research. 2008; 3: 1-24.
[16] Paul L, May-yin D, Fiona H. Enhancing IT Governance Practices: A Model and Case Study of An
Organization’s Efforts. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems. 2007; 8: 191-221.
[17] Ronald Y, Jack M. Process and Politics: IT Governance in Higher Education. Center of Applied
ISSN: 2302-4046
TELKOMNIKA Vol. 12, No. 7, July 2014: 5636 – 5644 5644
[18] Sri Saraswati WW, Budi Y, Benny R. Perancangan Struktur Tata-kelola Teknologi Informasi
Berdasarkan Paduan Antara Kerangka Kerja COBIT dan CISR. Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Teknologi
Informasi. 2006; 6(1): 32-40.
[19] Paurav S. Marketing Research. Denmark: Ventus Publishing Aps. 2008.
[20] Manar I, Noor Akma M. IT Governance in Airline Industry: A Multiple Case Study. International Journal
of Digital Society. 2010; 1(4): 308-313.
[21] Beth L. Asking Questions: Techniques for Semistructured Interviews. PS: Political Science and
Politics. 2002; 35(4): 665-668.
[22] Peter W, Jeanne R. IT Governance on One Page. Center for Information Systems Research (CISR).
Report Number: 349. 2004.
[23] Zulkifli M. Validitas dan Reliabilitas Suatu Instrumen Penelitian. Jurnal Tabularsa PPS Unimed. 2009;
6(1): 87-97.
[24] Aradea, Asep I, Reza El A. Analisis Pola Keputusan Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi untuk Menjamin
