THE ANALYSIS OF POWER RELATION BETWEEN THE PARTICIPANTS IN
THE DISASTER NEWS INTERVIEWS
(Critical Discourse Analysis Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment for Requirements
For The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By:
Reni Puji Astuti
PRONOUCEMENT
The researcher honestly states that the thesis entitled The Analysis of Power Relation between the Participants in the Disaster News Interviews (Critical Discourse Analysis Approach) is not a plagiarism. The thesis is truly written and analyzed by the researcher. All of the information that relates to other people’s work and theory are written in quotation and in the bibliography.
If the pronouncement is proven to be incorrect, the researcher will accept any academic consequence and penalty, including the cancellation of the thesis and academic degree obtained from completing the thesis and study.
Surakarta, June 2015
MOTTOS
“You are never too old to set another goal
or to dream a new dream”
- C. S. Lewis
“Always do your best. What you plant now, you will harvest later.” - Og Mandino
“Things do not happen. Things are made to happen.” - John F. Kenedy
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to. . .
My beloved Mom and Dad for always loving and giving the best for me
My family for always supporting me
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This thesis will never be finished without the contribution and help from many people. Therefore in this occasion, I would like to utter my sincere gratitude to: 1. Allah SWT, who always helps and gives me the ability and power to finish this
thesis.
2. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences for giving the approval of the thesis.
3. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D as the Head of English Department for supporting the finishing of the thesis.
4. Dr. Tri Wiratno, M.A as my thesis consultant for the guidance, suggestion, and support in finishing this thesis
5. Miss Ardianna Nuraeni, S.S., M.Hum as my academic supervisor for the assistance during my study.
6. All of the lecturers in English Department who had taught and motivated me. 7. My parents, my lovely partner, my family, and my friends for always supporting
and helping me.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……… vii
F. Thesis Organization ………... 5
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW A. Critical Discourse Analysis ………... 7
1. Power Relation ……….... 11
2. Power in Discourse ……….. 11
3. Power behind Discourse ……….. 12
4. Three Stages of Critical Discourse Analysis ………... 14 5. Linguistic Evidences ……… 22
B. News Interview .………. 25
C. Review of Related Studies ………. 30
III. CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Design ………. 33
B. Research Location ……….. 35
C. Data and Source of Data ………. 35
D. Sampling ………. 36
E. Technique of Collecting Data ………. 37
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ………. 37
IV. CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS A. Findings ………. 39
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. The Description Framework………... 15
Figure 2.2. Interpretation………....……….. 18
Figure 2.3. Situational context and discourse type………....…... 20
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Social orders and orders of discourse………. 10
Table 2.2. Constraints on discourse and structural effects……….. 12
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS
1. CS : Charlie Stayt 2. SN : Sally Nugent 3. TS : Tony Smith 4. DE : David Eades 5. RG : Richard Gordon 6. SS : Stephen Sackur 7. MW : Margareta Wahlstrom 8. AB : Alice Baxter
ABSTRACT
Reni Puji Astuti. 2015. The Analysis of Power Relation between the Participants in the Disaster News Interviews. (Critical Discourse Analysis Approach). Thesis: English Department of Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Sebelas Maret University.
This research was conducted to analyze the power relation between the participants in the four disaster news interviews. The aims of this research are: (1) to find out the indicators of power that can be found in the four disaster news interviews, (2) to describe the relation between the participants related to institutional and societal aspects, and (3) to show the participant who has more power in each interaction.
This research is descriptive qualitative research. This method was conducted by observing, classifying, and interpreting the data. The data were collected by using criterion-based sampling. The source of data are four news interviews about disaster entitled “BBC News Interview Malaysian Airways flight 370, Richard Gordon BBC World News Interview on Typhoon Bopha - Dec. 6, 2012, BBC interviews Margareta Wahlstrom on Disaster Reduction, and BBC World News - Typhoon Haiyan
preparedness” taken from BBC news interviews. The data are in the form of transcript dialogues between the interviewers and interviewees. The data were analyzed one by one to reveal the power relation between the participants.
Some results were found after conducting the research. First, the relation between the interviewers and interviewees in those news interviews are unequal as the usual news interviews. The power of the interviewees is restricted by broadcasting convention of the news interview and the sovereignty of a country (can be seen from the use of modality). Second, there are two kinds of indicators of power. They are some indicators of power that show the interviewers’ authority in the news interviews interactions (formal expression, interruption, and appearance), and some indicators of power that show the way of the interviewers in controlling the interviewees’ contribution in the news interviews interactions (turn-taking, formulation, and allusion). While, the interviewees show their power as experts by commanding and evaluating. Third, the participant who has more power in each interaction is/are the interviewer(s). The interviewers maintain their position to make the news interviews interactions under their control.
