• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

View of CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN INDONESIAN ONLINE NEWS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "View of CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN INDONESIAN ONLINE NEWS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC"

Copied!
10
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN INDONESIAN ONLINE NEWS DURING

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin1*, Ely Hayati Nasution1, Widya Andayani2

Unive�sitas �umate�a Uta�a Unive�sitas Nege�i �edan

�mail� alemina�usu.ac.id

Abstract: �he a�ticle conce�ns a c�itical discou�se anal�sis ����� of women as sub�ects of violence in �ndonesia du�ing the cu��ent �o�ona �i�us �� ���������

�andemic. �h�ough the f�amewo�� of c�itical discou�se anal�sis� it aims to dete�mine how news online ��esents an ove�view and �e�s�ectives on the

��oblem of women who e��e�ience intimate �a�tne� violence du�ing the cu��ent

�andemic. �he �esea�ch design chosen is �ualitative �esea�ch with the tools of content anal�sis. ��itical discou�se anal�sis desc�ibes the language em�lo�ed to conve� meaning in the content of ��� news online. While the ����s online news online highlighted the e�istence of gende� s�mmet�� and ste�eot��e abuse�s th�oughout the e�idemic e��e�ienced b� women� the ����s online news online was able and da�ing enough to highlight the ma�ginali�ation of women.

Keywords: woman representation, Critical Discourse Analysis, online news

INTRODUCTION

�ince ����� the �o�ona �i�us ��������� outb�ea� has become a global th�eat. �his vi�us t�ansfo�ms human e�istence ac�oss count��� status� social�

cultu�al� economic� �eligious� and �olitical bounda�ies. �ocial distancing to antici�ate vi�al develo�ment and s��ead �a�al��es social life and �ills the econom�. �ost �eo�le a�e unem�lo�ed o� tem�o�a�il� unem�lo�ed. �eo�le sta�

home because of social distance. UN Women’s violence against women has escalated th�oughout the �andemic due to secu�it�� health� and inade�uate living conditions. �hese situations t�igge� human life ��essu�e f�om nume�ous as�ects.

�cco�ding to United Nations Women� most �������ea��old women with

(2)

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN INDONESIAN ONLINE NEWS DURING

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin1*, Ely Hayati Nasution1, Widya Andayani2

Unive�sitas �umate�a Uta�a Unive�sitas Nege�i �edan

�mail� alemina�usu.ac.id

Abstract: �he a�ticle conce�ns a c�itical discou�se anal�sis ����� of women as sub�ects of violence in �ndonesia du�ing the cu��ent �o�ona �i�us �� ���������

�andemic. �h�ough the f�amewo�� of c�itical discou�se anal�sis� it aims to dete�mine how news online ��esents an ove�view and �e�s�ectives on the

��oblem of women who e��e�ience intimate �a�tne� violence du�ing the cu��ent

�andemic. �he �esea�ch design chosen is �ualitative �esea�ch with the tools of content anal�sis. ��itical discou�se anal�sis desc�ibes the language em�lo�ed to conve� meaning in the content of ��� news online. While the ����s online news online highlighted the e�istence of gende� s�mmet�� and ste�eot��e abuse�s th�oughout the e�idemic e��e�ienced b� women� the ����s online news online was able and da�ing enough to highlight the ma�ginali�ation of women.

Keywords: woman representation, Critical Discourse Analysis, online news

INTRODUCTION

�ince ����� the �o�ona �i�us ��������� outb�ea� has become a global th�eat. �his vi�us t�ansfo�ms human e�istence ac�oss count��� status� social�

cultu�al� economic� �eligious� and �olitical bounda�ies. �ocial distancing to antici�ate vi�al develo�ment and s��ead �a�al��es social life and �ills the econom�. �ost �eo�le a�e unem�lo�ed o� tem�o�a�il� unem�lo�ed. �eo�le sta�

home because of social distance. UN Women’s violence against women has escalated th�oughout the �andemic due to secu�it�� health� and inade�uate living conditions. �hese situations t�igge� human life ��essu�e f�om nume�ous as�ects.

�cco�ding to United Nations Women� most �������ea��old women with Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN INDONESIAN ONLINE NEWS DURING

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin1*, Ely Hayati Nasution1, Widya Andayani2

Unive�sitas �umate�a Uta�a Unive�sitas Nege�i �edan

�mail� alemina�usu.ac.id

Abstract: �he a�ticle conce�ns a c�itical discou�se anal�sis ����� of women as sub�ects of violence in �ndonesia du�ing the cu��ent �o�ona �i�us �� ���������

�andemic. �h�ough the f�amewo�� of c�itical discou�se anal�sis� it aims to dete�mine how news online ��esents an ove�view and �e�s�ectives on the

��oblem of women who e��e�ience intimate �a�tne� violence du�ing the cu��ent

�andemic. �he �esea�ch design chosen is �ualitative �esea�ch with the tools of content anal�sis. ��itical discou�se anal�sis desc�ibes the language em�lo�ed to conve� meaning in the content of ��� news online. While the ����s online news online highlighted the e�istence of gende� s�mmet�� and ste�eot��e abuse�s th�oughout the e�idemic e��e�ienced b� women� the ����s online news online was able and da�ing enough to highlight the ma�ginali�ation of women.

Keywords: woman representation, Critical Discourse Analysis, online news

INTRODUCTION

�ince ����� the �o�ona �i�us ��������� outb�ea� has become a global th�eat. �his vi�us t�ansfo�ms human e�istence ac�oss count��� status� social�

cultu�al� economic� �eligious� and �olitical bounda�ies. �ocial distancing to antici�ate vi�al develo�ment and s��ead �a�al��es social life and �ills the econom�. �ost �eo�le a�e unem�lo�ed o� tem�o�a�il� unem�lo�ed. �eo�le sta�

home because of social distance. UN Women’s violence against women has escalated th�oughout the �andemic due to secu�it�� health� and inade�uate living conditions. �hese situations t�igge� human life ��essu�e f�om nume�ous as�ects.

�cco�ding to United Nations Women� most �������ea��old women with

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani

�elationshi�s have e��e�ienced se�ual and �h�sical violence du�ing the

�andemic. �n addition� ��� of women encounte� �a�tne� violence in thei� lives.

�omestic violence �e��esents an unhealth� �a�tne�shi�. �t affects both se�es� but

�eligious doct�ine and �at�ia�chal cultu�e ma�e women the ��inci�al victims.

Women co�e with violence b� fighting bac� o� counte��cont�olling thei�

husbands ��ohnson� �����.

�u�ing the �������� e�idemic� the vulne�abilit� of �ndonesian women to violence� �a�ticula�l� domestic abuse� has inc�eased b� about one hund�ed

�e�cent� as indicated b� an inc�ease in �e�o�ting of violence against women f�om mid��a�ch to ���il in seve�al �ndonesian �egions. ��om �a�ch � to ���il ���

����� the �inist�� of Women�s �m�owe�ment and �hild ��otection ������

�e�o�ted ��� occu��ences of violence against adult women� with a total of ���

victims. �ince the �ovid��� e�idemic� the Women�s National �ommission and the

�nteg�ated �e�vice �ente� fo� the �m�owe�ment of Women and �hild�en have seen a �� �e�cent inc�ease. �he�e a�e ������ incidences of violence against women in total. �n addition� the�e we�e ����� instances of �h�sical violence�

����� instances of �s�chological abuse� ����� cases of se�ual violence� �����

instances of economic violence� and ��� instances of violence against mig�ant labo� and human t�affic�ing.

�cco�ding to �omnas �e�em�uan� domestic violence stems f�om une�ual

�owe� �elations between men and women� in which women a�e sub�ect to males.

�he�e is still a �at�ia�chal cultu�e in �ndonesia in which men hold cont�ol and autho�it� ove� othe� famil� membe�s. Women a�e f�e�uentl� �e�secuted due to societal const�ucts that a�e intimatel� tied to the �at�ia�chal cultu�e ��evalent in societ�. �at�ia�ch� is a s�stem of male dominance �ooted in an ethos of wa� that legitimi�es violence and is sanctified b� �eligious s�mbols. �n this case� men dominate women b� cont�olling female se�ualit� to �ass ��o�e�t� to male hei�s.

�lso� it conce�ns men who a�e he�oes of wa� a�e told to �ill men and a�e

�e�mitted to �a�e women� sei�e land and t�easu�es� e��loit �esou�ces� and own o� othe�wise dominate con�ue�ed �eo�le ��h�ist� �����. �he �at�ia�chal s�stem is �einfo�ced b� cultu�e� and man� fundamental attitudes of societ� on the e�istence of men who must be dominant in the home and social cont�ol a��lied in the communit�.

�nline news is one of the va�ious fo�ms of online �ou�nalism� �e�iodicall�

��oduced� of a gene�al t��e� and containing accu�ate� u��to�date info�mation about an�thing and an�whe�e in the globe fo� the benefit of �eade�s. News�a�e�s a�e ��inted sheets with �e�o�ts of local events and a�e of a gene�al natu�e

(3)

ȋˆˆ‡†›ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’ǤʹͶͳȌǤŽ‹‡‡™•’ƒ’‡”•ƒ”‡‡‹–Ї”•–ƒ†ǦƒŽ‘‡’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•

‘” ‘Ž‹‡ ˜‡”•‹‘• ‘ˆ ’”‹–‡† ’‡”‹‘†‹…ƒŽ•Ǥ Ž‹‡ ‡™• ‡†‹ƒ …‘–”‹„—–‡ –‘

Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰–Ї…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•–Šƒ–™‘‡ˆƒ…‡ǤЇ™‘”†••—’’Ž‹‡†„›–Ї‡†‹ƒ

…‘˜‡›’—„Ž‹…‘’‹‹‘ƒ†‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Ї–‘’‹…•ƒ–Šƒ†Ǥ–†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Ї

‡†‹ƒ™‹‡Ž†•‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Ї‹”ƒ”–‹…އ•ǤЇ–‡š–†‡’‹…–•–Ї…‘—‹–›̵•

•‘…‹ƒŽǡ …—Ž–—”ƒŽǡ ƒ† ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ ”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ – ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ’”‹–

‡†‹ƒ™‹–Šƒ‘”‡‡š–‡†‡†Š‹•–‘”›–Šƒ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ǡ”ƒ†‹‘ǡƒ†‘–Ї”•‘—”…‡•‘ˆ

‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

Ž‹‡‡™•‡†‹ƒƒ”‡‘–‘Ž›‡™•–”ƒ•‹––‡”•„—–ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘…ƒ’ƒ„އ‘ˆ

…‘•–”—…–‹‰•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–ƒ‹‰ƒ•–ƒ…‡‹ˆƒ˜‘”‘ˆ™‘‡ǡ‹–…ƒ

’ƒ…ƒ‰‡ ‡™• ƒ† †‹”‡…– –Ї‹” ‡ˆˆ‘”–•Ǥ Š”‘—‰Š –Ї †‹•…‘—”•‡• –Ї›‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ǡ

‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘Ž‹‡…ƒ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡‘”ƒŽ–‡”–Ї‹””‡ƒ†‡”•̵‘’‹‹‘•Ǥ‡•’‹–‡–Ї‹”

ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘‡’‘™‡”™‘‡•‘…‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ†‡…‘‘‹…ƒŽŽ›„›‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‹‰

’‘˜‡”–›ǡ‹ŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›ǡ‰‡†‡”Ǧ„ƒ•‡†˜‹‘އ…‡ǡƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘ǡ–Ї‡†‹ƒ’Žƒ›ƒ

…”—…‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹–Ї…‘–‹—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹••‘…‹ƒŽ•–”—…–—”‡ȋƒ”–‹ǡʹͲͲʹȌǤ•–‡ƒ†ǡ

‡†‹ƒ …‘–‡– ’‡”’‡–—ƒ–‡• •‡š‹•–ǡ †‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‘”› ’‡”…‡’–‹‘• ‘ˆ ™‘‡Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–—•–„‡‘–‡†–Šƒ–Œ—•–ƒˆ‡™‡™•‘—–އ–•…‘˜‡”‰‡†‡”‹••—‡•ƒ•

‡™•…‘–‡–ǤЇ‡™•…‘˜‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ™‘‡̵•”‹‰Š–•ƒ†‰‡†‡”‡“—ƒŽ‹–›”‡ƒ‹•

Ž‘™ǣ„‡–™‡‡͵Ψƒ†͸Ψ‘ˆ‡™•ƒ”–‹…އ•„‡–™‡‡ʹͲͲͷƒ†ʹͲͳͷ…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡†

‰‡†‡”‘”•ȋƒ…Šƒ”‹ƒǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ

Ї ‘Ž‹‡ ‡™• ˆ—…–‹‘ ”‡’‘”–‹‰ ‘ ™‘‡̵• •–ƒ–—•ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž›

†—”‹‰–Їͳͻ‡’‹†‡‹…ǡ’”‘˜‹†‡•‘™Ž‡†‰‡”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰˜‹‘އ…‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–

™‘‡ †—”‹‰ –Ї ’ƒ†‡‹…Ǥ ‹–Š ‘”‡ †‘‡•‹ƒ ™‘‡ –Šƒ ‡ǡ –Š‹•

‡†‡ƒ˜‘” „› –Ї ‡†‹ƒ –‘ ”‡’”‡•‡– ™‘‡ –Š”‘—‰Š –Ї‹” ™”‹–‹‰• –‘ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ

™‘‡̵•”‹‰Š–•ƒ•…‹–‹œ‡•–‘Ž‹˜‡ƒ•ƒˆ‡•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ƒ†Šƒ˜‡–Ї‰‘˜‡”‡–’ƒ›

ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘–Ї‹”’Ž‹‰Š–‹•‘Ž›ƒ‹‘”•–‡’‹–Ї”‹‰Š–†‹”‡…–‹‘Ǥ‡‘ˆ–Ї

‘Ž‹‡ ‡™• ‹• Ǥ Ž‹‡ ™ƒ• ˆ‘”‡”Ž› Ǥ – ‹• ƒ ˜ƒ•– ‡–™‘” ‘ˆ

™‡„•‹–‡•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰‡™•ƒ†’‘”–ǡ‹Žƒ›‡”ƒ†‘—†•ǡƒ†

‡‡„‹‡•ǡƒ†‹–‡•‹œ‡ǤŠ‡Šƒ•Šƒ†ƒ‘Ž‹‡’”‡•‡…‡•—’’‘”–‹‰ǡ”ƒ†‹‘ǡ

ƒ†™‡„Ǧ‘Ž›ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡••‹…‡’”‹ŽͳͻͻͶǤ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–†‹†‘–„‡‰‹‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽŽ›—–‹Ž

’”‹Žʹͺǡͳͻͻ͹ǡƒˆ–‡”‰‘˜‡”‡–…އƒ”ƒ…‡–‘ˆ—†‹–™‹–ŠŽ‹…‡•‡ˆ‡‡‹…‘‡

ƒ•ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡•‡”˜‹…‡ǤŠ”‘—‰Š‘—–‹–•Š‹•–‘”›ǡ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ”‹˜ƒŽ•Šƒ˜‡…‘’Žƒ‹‡†

ƒ„‘—– –Ї ̵• ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡–‹‘•ǡ އƒ†‹‰ –‘ ’—„Ž‹… …‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘• ƒ†

‰‘˜‡”‡–‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘•–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Ї‹”ƒ••‡”–‹‘•–Šƒ–‹–•ƒ••‹˜‡’”‡•‡…‡

ƒ† ’—„Ž‹… ˆ—†‹‰ •‡™ –Ї ƒ”‡–Ǥ ‹…‡ ‹–• ‹…‡’–‹‘ǡ –Ї ™‡„•‹–‡̵•

„”ƒ†‹‰Šƒ•…Šƒ‰‡†ǤŽ‹‡™ƒ•”‡ƒ‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡„‡…‘‹‰„„…Ǥ…‘Ǥ—Ǥ

–™ƒ•”‡ƒ‡†Ž‹‡‹ʹͲͲͺ„—–—•‡†–Ї̶̶–”ƒ†‡ƒ”Ǥ

(4)

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani ȋˆˆ‡†›ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’ǤʹͶͳȌǤŽ‹‡‡™•’ƒ’‡”•ƒ”‡‡‹–Ї”•–ƒ†ǦƒŽ‘‡’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•

‘” ‘Ž‹‡ ˜‡”•‹‘• ‘ˆ ’”‹–‡† ’‡”‹‘†‹…ƒŽ•Ǥ Ž‹‡ ‡™• ‡†‹ƒ …‘–”‹„—–‡ –‘

Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰–Ї…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•–Šƒ–™‘‡ˆƒ…‡ǤЇ™‘”†••—’’Ž‹‡†„›–Ї‡†‹ƒ

…‘˜‡›’—„Ž‹…‘’‹‹‘ƒ†‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Ї–‘’‹…•ƒ–Šƒ†Ǥ–†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Ї

‡†‹ƒ™‹‡Ž†•‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Ї‹”ƒ”–‹…އ•ǤЇ–‡š–†‡’‹…–•–Ї…‘—‹–›̵•

•‘…‹ƒŽǡ …—Ž–—”ƒŽǡ ƒ† ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ ”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ – ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ’”‹–

‡†‹ƒ™‹–Šƒ‘”‡‡š–‡†‡†Š‹•–‘”›–Šƒ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ǡ”ƒ†‹‘ǡƒ†‘–Ї”•‘—”…‡•‘ˆ

‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

Ž‹‡‡™•‡†‹ƒƒ”‡‘–‘Ž›‡™•–”ƒ•‹––‡”•„—–ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘…ƒ’ƒ„އ‘ˆ

…‘•–”—…–‹‰•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–ƒ‹‰ƒ•–ƒ…‡‹ˆƒ˜‘”‘ˆ™‘‡ǡ‹–…ƒ

’ƒ…ƒ‰‡ ‡™• ƒ† †‹”‡…– –Ї‹” ‡ˆˆ‘”–•Ǥ Š”‘—‰Š –Ї †‹•…‘—”•‡• –Ї›‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ǡ

‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘Ž‹‡…ƒ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡‘”ƒŽ–‡”–Ї‹””‡ƒ†‡”•̵‘’‹‹‘•Ǥ‡•’‹–‡–Ї‹”

ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘‡’‘™‡”™‘‡•‘…‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ†‡…‘‘‹…ƒŽŽ›„›‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‹‰

’‘˜‡”–›ǡ‹ŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›ǡ‰‡†‡”Ǧ„ƒ•‡†˜‹‘އ…‡ǡƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘ǡ–Ї‡†‹ƒ’Žƒ›ƒ

…”—…‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹–Ї…‘–‹—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹••‘…‹ƒŽ•–”—…–—”‡ȋƒ”–‹ǡʹͲͲʹȌǤ•–‡ƒ†ǡ

‡†‹ƒ …‘–‡– ’‡”’‡–—ƒ–‡• •‡š‹•–ǡ †‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‘”› ’‡”…‡’–‹‘• ‘ˆ ™‘‡Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–—•–„‡‘–‡†–Šƒ–Œ—•–ƒˆ‡™‡™•‘—–އ–•…‘˜‡”‰‡†‡”‹••—‡•ƒ•

‡™•…‘–‡–ǤЇ‡™•…‘˜‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ™‘‡̵•”‹‰Š–•ƒ†‰‡†‡”‡“—ƒŽ‹–›”‡ƒ‹•

Ž‘™ǣ„‡–™‡‡͵Ψƒ†͸Ψ‘ˆ‡™•ƒ”–‹…އ•„‡–™‡‡ʹͲͲͷƒ†ʹͲͳͷ…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡†

‰‡†‡”‘”•ȋƒ…Šƒ”‹ƒǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ

Ї ‘Ž‹‡ ‡™• ˆ—…–‹‘ ”‡’‘”–‹‰ ‘ ™‘‡̵• •–ƒ–—•ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž›

†—”‹‰–Їͳͻ‡’‹†‡‹…ǡ’”‘˜‹†‡•‘™Ž‡†‰‡”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰˜‹‘އ…‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–

™‘‡ †—”‹‰ –Ї ’ƒ†‡‹…Ǥ ‹–Š ‘”‡ †‘‡•‹ƒ ™‘‡ –Šƒ ‡ǡ –Š‹•

‡†‡ƒ˜‘” „› –Ї ‡†‹ƒ –‘ ”‡’”‡•‡– ™‘‡ –Š”‘—‰Š –Ї‹” ™”‹–‹‰• –‘ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ

™‘‡̵•”‹‰Š–•ƒ•…‹–‹œ‡•–‘Ž‹˜‡ƒ•ƒˆ‡•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ƒ†Šƒ˜‡–Ї‰‘˜‡”‡–’ƒ›

ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘–Ї‹”’Ž‹‰Š–‹•‘Ž›ƒ‹‘”•–‡’‹–Ї”‹‰Š–†‹”‡…–‹‘Ǥ‡‘ˆ–Ї

‘Ž‹‡ ‡™• ‹• Ǥ Ž‹‡ ™ƒ• ˆ‘”‡”Ž› Ǥ – ‹• ƒ ˜ƒ•– ‡–™‘” ‘ˆ

™‡„•‹–‡•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰‡™•ƒ†’‘”–ǡ‹Žƒ›‡”ƒ†‘—†•ǡƒ†

‡‡„‹‡•ǡƒ†‹–‡•‹œ‡ǤŠ‡Šƒ•Šƒ†ƒ‘Ž‹‡’”‡•‡…‡•—’’‘”–‹‰ǡ”ƒ†‹‘ǡ

ƒ†™‡„Ǧ‘Ž›ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡••‹…‡’”‹ŽͳͻͻͶǤ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–†‹†‘–„‡‰‹‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽŽ›—–‹Ž

’”‹Žʹͺǡͳͻͻ͹ǡƒˆ–‡”‰‘˜‡”‡–…އƒ”ƒ…‡–‘ˆ—†‹–™‹–ŠŽ‹…‡•‡ˆ‡‡‹…‘‡

ƒ•ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡•‡”˜‹…‡ǤŠ”‘—‰Š‘—–‹–•Š‹•–‘”›ǡ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ”‹˜ƒŽ•Šƒ˜‡…‘’Žƒ‹‡†

ƒ„‘—– –Ї ̵• ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡–‹‘•ǡ އƒ†‹‰ –‘ ’—„Ž‹… …‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘• ƒ†

‰‘˜‡”‡–‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘•–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Ї‹”ƒ••‡”–‹‘•–Šƒ–‹–•ƒ••‹˜‡’”‡•‡…‡

ƒ† ’—„Ž‹… ˆ—†‹‰ •‡™ –Ї ƒ”‡–Ǥ ‹…‡ ‹–• ‹…‡’–‹‘ǡ –Ї ™‡„•‹–‡̵•

„”ƒ†‹‰Šƒ•…Šƒ‰‡†ǤŽ‹‡™ƒ•”‡ƒ‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡„‡…‘‹‰„„…Ǥ…‘Ǥ—Ǥ

–™ƒ•”‡ƒ‡†Ž‹‡‹ʹͲͲͺ„—–—•‡†–Ї̶̶–”ƒ†‡ƒ”Ǥ

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani ȋˆˆ‡†›ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’ǤʹͶͳȌǤŽ‹‡‡™•’ƒ’‡”•ƒ”‡‡‹–Ї”•–ƒ†ǦƒŽ‘‡’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•

‘” ‘Ž‹‡ ˜‡”•‹‘• ‘ˆ ’”‹–‡† ’‡”‹‘†‹…ƒŽ•Ǥ Ž‹‡ ‡™• ‡†‹ƒ …‘–”‹„—–‡ –‘

Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰–Ї…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•–Šƒ–™‘‡ˆƒ…‡ǤЇ™‘”†••—’’Ž‹‡†„›–Ї‡†‹ƒ

…‘˜‡›’—„Ž‹…‘’‹‹‘ƒ†‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Ї–‘’‹…•ƒ–Šƒ†Ǥ–†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Ї

‡†‹ƒ™‹‡Ž†•‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Ї‹”ƒ”–‹…އ•ǤЇ–‡š–†‡’‹…–•–Ї…‘—‹–›̵•

•‘…‹ƒŽǡ …—Ž–—”ƒŽǡ ƒ† ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ ”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ – ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ’”‹–

‡†‹ƒ™‹–Šƒ‘”‡‡š–‡†‡†Š‹•–‘”›–Šƒ–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ǡ”ƒ†‹‘ǡƒ†‘–Ї”•‘—”…‡•‘ˆ

‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

Ž‹‡‡™•‡†‹ƒƒ”‡‘–‘Ž›‡™•–”ƒ•‹––‡”•„—–ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘…ƒ’ƒ„އ‘ˆ

…‘•–”—…–‹‰•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–ƒ‹‰ƒ•–ƒ…‡‹ˆƒ˜‘”‘ˆ™‘‡ǡ‹–…ƒ

’ƒ…ƒ‰‡ ‡™• ƒ† †‹”‡…– –Ї‹” ‡ˆˆ‘”–•Ǥ Š”‘—‰Š –Ї †‹•…‘—”•‡• –Ї›‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ǡ

‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘Ž‹‡…ƒ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡‘”ƒŽ–‡”–Ї‹””‡ƒ†‡”•̵‘’‹‹‘•Ǥ‡•’‹–‡–Ї‹”

ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘‡’‘™‡”™‘‡•‘…‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ†‡…‘‘‹…ƒŽŽ›„›‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‹‰

’‘˜‡”–›ǡ‹ŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›ǡ‰‡†‡”Ǧ„ƒ•‡†˜‹‘އ…‡ǡƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘ǡ–Ї‡†‹ƒ’Žƒ›ƒ

…”—…‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹–Ї…‘–‹—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹••‘…‹ƒŽ•–”—…–—”‡ȋƒ”–‹ǡʹͲͲʹȌǤ•–‡ƒ†ǡ

‡†‹ƒ …‘–‡– ’‡”’‡–—ƒ–‡• •‡š‹•–ǡ †‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‘”› ’‡”…‡’–‹‘• ‘ˆ ™‘‡Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–—•–„‡‘–‡†–Šƒ–Œ—•–ƒˆ‡™‡™•‘—–އ–•…‘˜‡”‰‡†‡”‹••—‡•ƒ•

‡™•…‘–‡–ǤЇ‡™•…‘˜‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ™‘‡̵•”‹‰Š–•ƒ†‰‡†‡”‡“—ƒŽ‹–›”‡ƒ‹•

Ž‘™ǣ„‡–™‡‡͵Ψƒ†͸Ψ‘ˆ‡™•ƒ”–‹…އ•„‡–™‡‡ʹͲͲͷƒ†ʹͲͳͷ…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡†

‰‡†‡”‘”•ȋƒ…Šƒ”‹ƒǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ

Ї ‘Ž‹‡ ‡™• ˆ—…–‹‘ ”‡’‘”–‹‰ ‘ ™‘‡̵• •–ƒ–—•ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž›

†—”‹‰–Їͳͻ‡’‹†‡‹…ǡ’”‘˜‹†‡•‘™Ž‡†‰‡”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰˜‹‘އ…‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–

™‘‡ †—”‹‰ –Ї ’ƒ†‡‹…Ǥ ‹–Š ‘”‡ †‘‡•‹ƒ ™‘‡ –Šƒ ‡ǡ –Š‹•

‡†‡ƒ˜‘” „› –Ї ‡†‹ƒ –‘ ”‡’”‡•‡– ™‘‡ –Š”‘—‰Š –Ї‹” ™”‹–‹‰• –‘ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ

™‘‡̵•”‹‰Š–•ƒ•…‹–‹œ‡•–‘Ž‹˜‡ƒ•ƒˆ‡•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ƒ†Šƒ˜‡–Ї‰‘˜‡”‡–’ƒ›

ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘–Ї‹”’Ž‹‰Š–‹•‘Ž›ƒ‹‘”•–‡’‹–Ї”‹‰Š–†‹”‡…–‹‘Ǥ‡‘ˆ–Ї

‘Ž‹‡ ‡™• ‹• Ǥ Ž‹‡ ™ƒ• ˆ‘”‡”Ž› Ǥ – ‹• ƒ ˜ƒ•– ‡–™‘” ‘ˆ

™‡„•‹–‡•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰‡™•ƒ†’‘”–ǡ‹Žƒ›‡”ƒ†‘—†•ǡƒ†

‡‡„‹‡•ǡƒ†‹–‡•‹œ‡ǤŠ‡Šƒ•Šƒ†ƒ‘Ž‹‡’”‡•‡…‡•—’’‘”–‹‰ǡ”ƒ†‹‘ǡ

ƒ†™‡„Ǧ‘Ž›ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡••‹…‡’”‹ŽͳͻͻͶǤ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–†‹†‘–„‡‰‹‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽŽ›—–‹Ž

’”‹Žʹͺǡͳͻͻ͹ǡƒˆ–‡”‰‘˜‡”‡–…އƒ”ƒ…‡–‘ˆ—†‹–™‹–ŠŽ‹…‡•‡ˆ‡‡‹…‘‡

ƒ•ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡•‡”˜‹…‡ǤŠ”‘—‰Š‘—–‹–•Š‹•–‘”›ǡ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ”‹˜ƒŽ•Šƒ˜‡…‘’Žƒ‹‡†

ƒ„‘—– –Ї ̵• ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡–‹‘•ǡ އƒ†‹‰ –‘ ’—„Ž‹… …‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘• ƒ†

‰‘˜‡”‡–‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘•–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Ї‹”ƒ••‡”–‹‘•–Šƒ–‹–•ƒ••‹˜‡’”‡•‡…‡

ƒ† ’—„Ž‹… ˆ—†‹‰ •‡™ –Ї ƒ”‡–Ǥ ‹…‡ ‹–• ‹…‡’–‹‘ǡ –Ї ™‡„•‹–‡̵•

„”ƒ†‹‰Šƒ•…Šƒ‰‡†ǤŽ‹‡™ƒ•”‡ƒ‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡„‡…‘‹‰„„…Ǥ…‘Ǥ—Ǥ

–™ƒ•”‡ƒ‡†Ž‹‡‹ʹͲͲͺ„—–—•‡†–Ї̶̶–”ƒ†‡ƒ”Ǥ

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani

‘‡•–‹…˜‹‘އ…‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–™‘‡Šƒ•„‡‡Ž‘‘‡†ƒ–‹”‡…‡–•–—†‹‡•Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹– ‡‡†• ‘”‡ ‡š’Ž‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ™‘‡ ‹ –Ї …‘–‡š– ‘ˆ †‘‡•–‹…

˜‹‘އ…‡Ǥ Š‹• •–—†› ƒ‹• –‘ ˆ‹† ‘—– Š‘™ ‡™• ‘Ž‹‡ ‹• „‡‹‰ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ǡ

‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›†—”‹‰–ЇǦͳͻ’ƒ†‡‹…ǡ™Š‡”‡–Ї”‡‹•‘”‡˜‹‘އ…‡–Šƒ

„‡ˆ‘”‡Ǥ–”ƒ‰‡Ž›ǡ–ЇǦͳͻ’ƒ†‡‹…‹•ƒˆƒ…–‘”‹–Ї”‹•‡‘ˆ–Ї—„‡”‘ˆ

–‹‡• ™‘‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ„—•‡†Ǥ ‘ǡ ƒ ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ •—„Œ‡…– ‹• Š‘™ ‡™• ‘Ž‹‡ …ƒ

”‡’”‡•‡–™‘‡„›–Ї–‡š–—ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘‘ˆ†‹•…‘—”•‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ

……‘”†‹‰–‘ƒ˜‹†”‘–‡ƒ—ƒ†‹ŽŽ‹ƒ‘›‡•ȋʹͲͲͲȌǡ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹•

–Ї’”‘†—…–‘ˆƒ•‡Ž‡…–‹‘’”‘…‡†—”‡–Šƒ–‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡•’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”ƒ•’‡…–•™Š‹Ž‡

‹‰‘”‹‰‘–Ї”•Ǥ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ™‘‡‹•…Š‘Žƒ”Ž›†‡„ƒ–‡–Ї‹††Ž‡‘ˆ

–Їͳͻ’ƒ†‡‹…ǡ…”‹–‹…ƒŽ†‹•…‘—”•‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹•ƒ‡ˆˆ‘”––‘„”‹‰ƒ––‡–‹‘

–‘™‘‡̵•‹••—‡•–Š”‘—‰Š‡™•‘Ž‹‡†‹•…‘—”•‡ǡˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‰‡ˆˆ‘”–•–‘‹’”‘˜‡

™‘‡̵• …‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ”ƒ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǡ …”‹–‹…ƒŽ †‹•…‘—”•‡ ‹• ƒ

‡†‡ƒ˜‘”‘”’”‘…‡••ȋ†‡…‘’‘•‹–‹‘Ȍ–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ–‡š–ȋ•‘…‹ƒŽ

”‡ƒŽ‹–›Ȍ–Šƒ–‹•™‹ŽŽ‹‰‘”„‡‹‰”‡•‡ƒ”…Ї†„›ƒ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‘”†‘‹ƒ–‹‰‰”‘—’

™Š‘•‡’”‘’‡•‹–›‹•–‘ƒ––ƒ‹™Šƒ–‹•†‡•‹”‡†˜‹ƒƒˆ”ƒ‡™‘”Ǥ‡š–—ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘

†‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• – ‹• ’‘••‹„އ –‘ —•‡ ƒ ‹Œ̵• –Ї‘”‡–‹…ƒŽ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” –‘

‡š’”‡••–Ї•—„Œ‡…–ƒ––‡”‘ˆƒ•’‡‡…Š‘”–‡š–Ǥ

Їˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ˆ‘”†‹•…‘—”•‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹–Ї–‡š–†‹‡•‹‘‘—–Ž‹‡†„›

˜ƒ‹Œ‹•…‘’‘•‡†‘ˆ–Š”‡‡•–”—…–—”‡•‘”އ˜‡Ž•Ǥƒ…Š•›•–‡Šƒ•ƒ—–—ƒŽŽ›

•—’’‘”–‹˜‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ǣȋͳȌƒ…”‘•–”—…–—”‡ǡ–Ї‡ƒ‹‰‘”‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‘ˆƒ–‡š––Šƒ–

ƒ›„‡‘–‹…‡†ˆ”‘–Ї‹••—‡‘”–Ї‡‡š’”‡••‡†‹ƒ–‡š–ǤȋʹȌ†‘…—‡–̵•

ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‹†‹…ƒ–‡•Š‘™–Ї†‹•…‘—”•‡̵••–”—…–—”‡ƒ†…‘–‡–•ƒ”‡‘”†‡”‡†‹

–Ї–‡š–Ǥȋ͵Ȍ‹…”‘•–”—…–—”‡‘”–Їޑ…ƒŽ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆƒ„‘‘…ƒ„‡‰Ž‡ƒ‡†ˆ”‘

‹–•…Š‘‹…‡‘ˆ™‘”†•ǡ’Š”ƒ•‡•ǡƒ†Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–›’‡•ȋ”‹›ƒ–‘ǡʹͲͲͷȌǤЇ•‡ƒ–‹…

…‘‘–ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Ї ‡™• –‡š– †‡ƒŽ• ™‹–Š ™Šƒ– ‘‡ ™‹•Ї• –‘ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–Ǥ ›

’”‘˜‹†‹‰†‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘‘‡•‹†‡‘”ƒ‹‰‘‡•‹†‡‡š’Ž‹…‹–™Š‹Ž‡‹‹‹œ‹‰–Ї

‘–Ї” •‹†‡ǡ ˆ‘” ‹•–ƒ…‡Ǥ ‡––‹‰ǡ †‡–ƒ‹Žǡ ‹–‡–ǡ ’”‡•—’’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ǡ

‘‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ ›–ƒš †‡ƒŽ• ™‹–Š –Ї •‡Ž‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‡–‡…‡• ȋˆ‘”ǡ ‘”†‡”ȌǤ

‡–‡…‡•–”—…–—”‡ǡ…‘Ї”‡…‡ǡƒ†’”‘‘——•ƒ‰‡ƒ”‡ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ‡’Šƒ•‹•‹–Ї

‰Ž‹•Š Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ –›Ž‹•–‹…• …‘…‡”• Š‘™ –‘ •‡Ž‡…– –Ї –‡”• —•‡† ‹ ‡™•

ƒ”–‹…އ•ǤЇ–‘”‹…ƒŽ‡’Šƒ•‹•‹•‘˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›†‡•…”‹„‹‰Š‘™ƒ†™Š›’‘™‡”‹•

‡’Ž‘›‡†Ǥ–ƒŽ•‘Ž‘‘•ƒ–‹ƒ‰‡•ǡ•‹‹Ž‡•ǡƒ†ˆ‹‰—”ƒ–‹˜‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

METHOD

(5)

Š‹•ƒ”–‹…އ†‡˜‡Ž‘’•ƒ†‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡–‡…А‹“—‡ǤЇ•–—†›™ƒ•

—†‡”–ƒ‡—•‹‰–Ї…‘–‡–ƒ†–‡š–—ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘Ž‹‡‡™•ǡ‹–Š‹•

…ƒ•‡ǡ ‡™•Ǥ – ™ƒ• †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‡† ‘ ƒ› ͳͻǡ ʹͲʹͲǡ ˆ”‘ –Ї ™‡„•‹–‡

Š––’•ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„„…Ǥ…‘Ȁ‹†‘‡•‹ƒȀ‹†‘‡•‹ƒǦͷʹ͹ͳ͵͵ͷͲ ƒ† –‹–އ† ̶ƒ–”‹ƒ”…ŠƒŽ

—Ž–—”‡‡”‹˜‡•ˆ”‘”ƒ†‘–Ї”̵•‡ƒ…Š‹‰•Ǥ̶—–Š‘”ǣ›‘‹‹†‘‹

†‘‡•‹ƒ ‡™• —”‹‰ –Ї ͳͻ ’ƒ†‡‹…ǡ –Ї ‡™• ‹• ƒ…“—‹”‡† „›

‡šƒ‹‹‰‡™•ƒ”–‹…އ•’”‘˜‹†‹‰‰‡†‡”Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ЇŽ‹‡‡™•™ƒ•…Š‘•‡„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›’”‘˜‹†‡•™‘‡̵•

‹••—‡•ˆ”‘˜ƒ”‹‘—•’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡•Ǣ–Ї”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–‹•ˆƒ•…‹ƒ–‹‰–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Ї

‡™•–‡š–•–Ї›’”‡•‡––‘†‡–‡”‹‡Š‘™–Š‹•‡†‹—–›’‹…ƒŽŽ›˜‹‡™•–Ї•‘…‹ƒŽ

…‘†‹–‹‘• –Šƒ– ƒˆˆ‡…– ™‘‡ †—”‹‰ –Ї ͳͻ ‡’‹†‡‹…Ǥ Š‹• •–—†›̵•

–Ї‘”‡–‹…ƒŽ ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ ‹Œ̵• ȋ”‹–‹…ƒŽ ‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒŽ›•‹•ȌǤ Ї

”‡•‡ƒ”…Ї”•ƒ––‡’–‡†–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Ї‹••—‡˜‹ƒ–Їއ•‘ˆƒ…”‹–‹…ƒŽ†‹•…‘—”•‡

…‡–‡”‡† ‘ –‡š–• –Šƒ– †‡’‹…– Š‘™ ™‘‡ •—ˆˆ‡”‡† ’ƒ”–‡” ƒ„—•‡ †—”‹‰ –Ї

Ǧͳͻ’ƒ†‡‹…Ǥ–‡šƒ‹‡†Š‘™‰‡†‡”‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ‹ˆ‡•–‡†‹–Ї

–”‡ƒ–‡– ‘ˆ ™‘‡ ˜‹ƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ”› ’”ƒ…–‹…‡ǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† †‹•…—”•‹˜‡

†‹•…‘—”•‡ ȋ ƒ‹”…Žƒ‘—‰Šǡ ͳͻͻʹȌǤ ”‹–‹…ƒŽ †‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹• …‘‡…–‡† –‘

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ† ’‘™‡”Ǥ —””‡– —•ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –Ї ™‘”† ̶̶ ”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ –Ї …”‹–‹…ƒŽ

Ž‹‰—‹•–‹… ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š –Šƒ– ˜‹‡™• –Ї †‹•…—”•‹˜‡ —‹– ‘ˆ –‡š– ƒ• –Ї ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘—‹–ȋ‡‹••Ƭ‘†ƒǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ

FINDINGS/RESULTS

Macro Structure

Їƒ…”‘•–”—…–—”‡†‡ƒŽ•™‹–Š”‡•—Ž–•ƒ††‡„ƒ–‡‘Š‘™™‘‡ǡ‡˜‡–•ǡ

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ‰”‘—’•ǡ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•ǡ…‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ‘”ƒ›–Š‹‰‡Ž•‡ƒ”‡’‘”–”ƒ›‡†ƒ†

†‡•…”‹„‡†‹–Ї–‡š–‘ˆ–Їƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡™•‘Ž‹‡‡™•Ǥƒ•‡†‘–Ї•–—†›

‘ˆ–Їƒ…”‘•–”—…–—”‡‘ˆ–Ї‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘”‡’‘”–‡†‹–Ї–‡š–‘ˆ–ЇŽ‹‡

‡™•‘Ž‹‡ǡ–Ї†‘‹ƒ––Ї‡™ƒ•‹•–ƒ…‡•‘ˆ†‘‡•–‹…ƒ„—•‡’‡”’‡–”ƒ–‡†

ƒ‰ƒ‹•–™‘‡„›–Ї‹”’ƒ”–‡”•†—”‹‰–Їͳͻ‡’‹†‡‹…Ǥ Superstructure

ƒ…Š ’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Š̵• •—’‡”‹‘” ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –‘’‹…•Ǥ Ї

‡–‹”‡’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šˆ‘…—•‡•‘–Ї…‘†‹–‹‘‘ˆ™‘‡™Š‘‡š’‡”‹‡…‡‹–‹ƒ–‡

’ƒ”–‡”˜‹‘އ…‡ǡ–Ї•‘”–•‘ˆ‹–‹ƒ–‡’ƒ”–‡”˜‹‘އ…‡–Ї›‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡƒ†–Ї

”‡’‡”…—••‹‘•‘ˆ–Ї•‡ƒ…–•‘ˆ˜‹‘އ…‡‘™‘‡̵•Ž‹˜‡•†—”‹‰–ЇǦͳͻ

(6)

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani

Š‹•ƒ”–‹…އ†‡˜‡Ž‘’•ƒ†‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡–‡…А‹“—‡ǤЇ•–—†›™ƒ•

—†‡”–ƒ‡—•‹‰–Ї…‘–‡–ƒ†–‡š–—ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘Ž‹‡‡™•ǡ‹–Š‹•

…ƒ•‡ǡ ‡™•Ǥ – ™ƒ• †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‡† ‘ ƒ› ͳͻǡ ʹͲʹͲǡ ˆ”‘ –Ї ™‡„•‹–‡

Š––’•ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„„…Ǥ…‘Ȁ‹†‘‡•‹ƒȀ‹†‘‡•‹ƒǦͷʹ͹ͳ͵͵ͷͲ ƒ† –‹–އ† ̶ƒ–”‹ƒ”…ŠƒŽ

—Ž–—”‡‡”‹˜‡•ˆ”‘”ƒ†‘–Ї”̵•‡ƒ…Š‹‰•Ǥ̶—–Š‘”ǣ›‘‹‹†‘‹

†‘‡•‹ƒ ‡™• —”‹‰ –Ї ͳͻ ’ƒ†‡‹…ǡ –Ї ‡™• ‹• ƒ…“—‹”‡† „›

‡šƒ‹‹‰‡™•ƒ”–‹…އ•’”‘˜‹†‹‰‰‡†‡”Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ЇŽ‹‡‡™•™ƒ•…Š‘•‡„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›’”‘˜‹†‡•™‘‡̵•

‹••—‡•ˆ”‘˜ƒ”‹‘—•’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡•Ǣ–Ї”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–‹•ˆƒ•…‹ƒ–‹‰–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Ї

‡™•–‡š–•–Ї›’”‡•‡––‘†‡–‡”‹‡Š‘™–Š‹•‡†‹—–›’‹…ƒŽŽ›˜‹‡™•–Ї•‘…‹ƒŽ

…‘†‹–‹‘• –Šƒ– ƒˆˆ‡…– ™‘‡ †—”‹‰ –Ї ͳͻ ‡’‹†‡‹…Ǥ Š‹• •–—†›̵•

–Ї‘”‡–‹…ƒŽ ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ ‹Œ̵• ȋ”‹–‹…ƒŽ ‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒŽ›•‹•ȌǤ Ї

”‡•‡ƒ”…Ї”•ƒ––‡’–‡†–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Ї‹••—‡˜‹ƒ–Їއ•‘ˆƒ…”‹–‹…ƒŽ†‹•…‘—”•‡

…‡–‡”‡† ‘ –‡š–• –Šƒ– †‡’‹…– Š‘™ ™‘‡ •—ˆˆ‡”‡† ’ƒ”–‡” ƒ„—•‡ †—”‹‰ –Ї

Ǧͳͻ’ƒ†‡‹…Ǥ–‡šƒ‹‡†Š‘™‰‡†‡”‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ‹ˆ‡•–‡†‹–Ї

–”‡ƒ–‡– ‘ˆ ™‘‡ ˜‹ƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ”› ’”ƒ…–‹…‡ǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† †‹•…—”•‹˜‡

†‹•…‘—”•‡ ȋ ƒ‹”…Žƒ‘—‰Šǡ ͳͻͻʹȌǤ ”‹–‹…ƒŽ †‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹• …‘‡…–‡† –‘

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ† ’‘™‡”Ǥ —””‡– —•ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –Ї ™‘”† ̶̶ ”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ –Ї …”‹–‹…ƒŽ

Ž‹‰—‹•–‹… ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š –Šƒ– ˜‹‡™• –Ї †‹•…—”•‹˜‡ —‹– ‘ˆ –‡š– ƒ• –Ї ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘—‹–ȋ‡‹••Ƭ‘†ƒǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ

FINDINGS/RESULTS

Macro Structure

Їƒ…”‘•–”—…–—”‡†‡ƒŽ•™‹–Š”‡•—Ž–•ƒ††‡„ƒ–‡‘Š‘™™‘‡ǡ‡˜‡–•ǡ

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ‰”‘—’•ǡ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•ǡ…‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ‘”ƒ›–Š‹‰‡Ž•‡ƒ”‡’‘”–”ƒ›‡†ƒ†

†‡•…”‹„‡†‹–Ї–‡š–‘ˆ–Їƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡™•‘Ž‹‡‡™•Ǥƒ•‡†‘–Ї•–—†›

‘ˆ–Їƒ…”‘•–”—…–—”‡‘ˆ–Ї‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘”‡’‘”–‡†‹–Ї–‡š–‘ˆ–ЇŽ‹‡

‡™•‘Ž‹‡ǡ–Ї†‘‹ƒ––Ї‡™ƒ•‹•–ƒ…‡•‘ˆ†‘‡•–‹…ƒ„—•‡’‡”’‡–”ƒ–‡†

ƒ‰ƒ‹•–™‘‡„›–Ї‹”’ƒ”–‡”•†—”‹‰–Їͳͻ‡’‹†‡‹…Ǥ Superstructure

ƒ…Š ’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Š̵• •—’‡”‹‘” ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –‘’‹…•Ǥ Ї

‡–‹”‡’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šˆ‘…—•‡•‘–Ї…‘†‹–‹‘‘ˆ™‘‡™Š‘‡š’‡”‹‡…‡‹–‹ƒ–‡

’ƒ”–‡”˜‹‘އ…‡ǡ–Ї•‘”–•‘ˆ‹–‹ƒ–‡’ƒ”–‡”˜‹‘އ…‡–Ї›‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡƒ†–Ї

”‡’‡”…—••‹‘•‘ˆ–Ї•‡ƒ…–•‘ˆ˜‹‘އ…‡‘™‘‡̵•Ž‹˜‡•†—”‹‰–ЇǦͳͻ

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani

�his article develops a descriptive �ualitative techni�ue. �he study was underta�en using the content and te�tual analysis of national online news, in this case, ��� �ews. �t was downloaded on �ay ��, ����, from the we�site https���www.��c.com�indonesia�indonesia��������� and titled "�atriarchal

�ulture �erives from �randmother�s �eachings." �uthor� �yomi �mindoni ���

�ndonesian �ews �uring the ������� pandemic, the news is ac�uired �y e�amining news articles providing gender�related information.

�he ��� �nline �ews was chosen �ecause it fre�uently provides women�s issues from various perspectives� therefore, it is fascinating to investigate the news te�ts they present to determine how this medium typically views the social conditions that affect women during the ������� epidemic. �his study�s theoretical foundation is �an �i���s ��� ��ritical �iscourse �nalysis�. �he researchers attempted to investigate the issue via the lens of a critical discourse centered on te�ts that depict how women suffered partner a�use during the

�������� pandemic. �t e�amined how gender ine�uality is also manifested in the treatment of women via literary practice, social interactions, and discursive discourse ��airclaough, �����. �ritical discourse analysis is connected to language and power. �urrent usage of the word "���" refers to the critical linguistic approach that views the discursive unit of te�t as the fundamental communication unit ��eiss � �oda�, �����.

FINDINGS/RESULTS Macro Structure

�he macrostructure deals with results and de�ate on how women, events, individuals, groups, situations, conditions, or anything else are portrayed and descri�ed in the te�t of the national news online ��� �ews. �ased on the study of the macrostructure of the information reported in the te�t of the ��� �nline

�ews online, the dominant theme was instances of domestic a�use perpetrated against women �y their partners during the ������� epidemic.

Superstructure

�ach paragraph�s superior organi�ation is a collection of topics. �he entire paragraph focuses on the condition of women who e�perience intimate partner violence, the sorts of intimate partner violence they e�perience, and the repercussions of these acts of violence on women�s lives during the ��������

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani epidemic. �he theme of violence in each paragraph of the discourse is organi�ed to complement the overall framewor� of the discourse. �t e�plores why, how, and why women e�perience violence.

Micro Structure

�t e�amines the semantic description of micro�structure elements or micro�te�t structures �the meaning that is emphasi�ed�. �he microstructure of the discourse is associated with semantics or meaning emphasis, comprised of conte�t and nominali�ation. �or e�ample, the �ournalist �rought up the case of a woman named �arina �pseudonym� and �uli �pseudonym�, who e�perienced domestic violence at the hands of their spouse during the pandemic ����� ��.

�he rising difficulty of life amid a pandemic provo�es aggression against women due to the inherent patriarchal culture of the social system, in which women�s status is always regarded as su�ordinate to that of men.

�he �ournalist �elieves that women are moving targets due to the ������

�� pandemic�s effect on all parts of life. �he �ournalist�s perspective is that of a reporter who provides the victim’s initials. Journalists also use the first person, employing straight statements from violent women ��imee, �����. �t is indicated

�y using the pronoun "�" ��arina�pseudonym� to refer directly to female victims of domestic violence and a third person named �uli. �rom a �ournalist�s perspective, women are fre�uently the su��ect of rage due to the patriarchal understanding of social life and the assumption that they are wea� creatures. �o draw attention to the predicament of women affected �y the ��������

pandemic, it is vital to descri�e in detail the �rutality they have endured during the epidemic.

Synta� specifies the elements of a unit and their relationship to one another, including functional and semantic lin�s. �or e�ample, �ournalists employ news sentences to descri�e the phenomenon and the status of women during the pandemic at the �eginning of the news. �he sentences are constructed as statements to e�plain the information to �e reported to the reader.

"…Social constructions strongly tied to patriarchal society also perpetuate the violence e�perienced �y �arina �not her real name�, a ���year�old woman who claims to have endured domestic violence at the hands of her younger �rother, whom she refers to as �in authority at home..."

"...�arina ac�nowledges that in �asuruan, �ast Java, where she was �orn and currently resides, there is still a patriarchal culture with a conservative outloo�."

(7)

��

��e�a��������n����es���e�ne�s��i���a�ne��sen�en�e���n�ainin����ssi��e�

ans�e�s� ���� ���en� ���� �a�e� �een� a��se� �i��i�s�� ��e� �����se� ��� ��e� �ina��

sen�en�e�is���������e�e���e��e����

����� �inis�e�� �in�an�� ��s�a���a� e���aine�� ��a�� �e�� �a���� �a�� �e�e���e�� an�

����ine�se��i�e��e��anis���������en�an����i���en����������e�e��a�s�����������

���� ���en�s� �����e��en�� an�� ������� in� ����in�es� an�� �is��i��s��i�ies� ���

���������e����in���e�s�ns��������e��i�e����������e��inis���������������

���in����e�a����i�n����s��ia���i�i�a�i�ns�����e�e���se�e�a��ins�i���i�ns��e�e���e��

�������������e� �e���a�i�ns�� in����in�� s������� an�� ���nse�in�� ins�i���es� ����

�i��en�e� a�ains�� ���en�� ��i��� �es��i��e�� se��i�es� ���� ���en� ���� �a��

e��e�ien�e��a��se����

����na�is�s���e��en����e�������i�s���e�s�n����n��ns�an���i�e����an��a�e��

�i�e��� s�a�e�en�s� a�e� �en��e�� ��� ��e� ���n��n� ��� ��a�ina��se���n����� as�

s���n�in���e�������in��e�a���es��

�n� ��� �a�i���� �a��ia���a�� ������e� s�e�s� ����� ��� ��an�����e��s� �e�ie�s�� �asse��

���n�����������e�����a�ina�����������e�s��n��nesia…�

����as�����e�������e����������en����en�������������is��������������e���s�e�s�a�e��

��a����e����n�s�e���as�n���in���e����n������

�����n�����e��n����ne������as�s���e�e�����sis�e��s�a���essi�n���������e���as�a�s��

�een�s���e�������e�����n������e���ai�e���

���������e�ie�es���a�����s����n����ese��e���������a����s�e�e���aine���

������a����� ���� n��� ��e� �n��� �ne� ���� �as� e��e�ien�e�� ��� sis�e��s� �i��en�e�� ���

����e���as�a�s���een�s���e�������e�����n����s�e��e�a��e���

��s�����e��se������e����n��n����a���i����e�s�n�na�e�����i����ese���n�ise�

sen�en�es���n�e����e�s��s�an�e������e�����������e��ea�e���

�a�ina� is� n��� a��ne�� ���i�� a� ����ea������ ���an� ���� ��ai�e�� ��� �a�e� �een�

���si�a����an���e��a����a��a��e������e��s���se��a�s��e��e�ien�e���en�e���ase��

�i��en�e��

���������i��a�����ea���������an�������ai�e������a�e��een����si�a����an���e��a����

�a�asse������e����s�an����i�e�ise�s���e�e���en�e���ase���i��en�e�����

���i��e�ea�e����������e�s��n��nesia���a��s�e��e�an��e�ei�in��a��si�e���ea��en��

������e��s���se�a�����i�a�e������ee��ea�s�in����a��ia�e��

(8)

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani

��

��e�a��������n����es���e�ne�s��i���a�ne��sen�en�e���n�ainin����ssi��e�

ans�e�s� ���� ���en� ���� �a�e� �een� a��se� �i��i�s�� ��e� �����se� ��� ��e� �ina��

sen�en�e�is���������e�e���e��e����

����� �inis�e�� �in�an�� ��s�a���a� e���aine�� ��a�� �e�� �a���� �a�� �e�e���e�� an�

����ine�se��i�e��e��anis���������en�an����i���en����������e�e��a�s�����������

���� ���en�s� �����e��en�� an�� ������� in� ����in�es� an�� �is��i��s��i�ies� ���

���������e����in���e�s�ns��������e��i�e����������e��inis���������������

���in����e�a����i�n����s��ia���i�i�a�i�ns�����e�e���se�e�a��ins�i���i�ns��e�e���e��

�������������e� �e���a�i�ns�� in����in�� s������� an�� ���nse�in�� ins�i���es� ����

�i��en�e� a�ains�� ���en�� ��i��� �es��i��e�� se��i�es� ���� ���en� ���� �a��

e��e�ien�e��a��se����

����na�is�s���e��en����e�������i�s���e�s�n����n��ns�an���i�e����an��a�e��

�i�e��� s�a�e�en�s� a�e� �en��e�� ��� ��e� ���n��n� ��� ��a�ina��se���n����� as�

s���n�in���e�������in��e�a���es��

�n� ��� �a�i���� �a��ia���a�� ������e� s�e�s� ����� ��� ��an�����e��s� �e�ie�s�� �asse��

���n�����������e�����a�ina�����������e�s��n��nesia…�

����as�����e�������e����������en����en�������������is��������������e���s�e�s�a�e��

��a����e����n�s�e���as�n���in���e����n������

�����n�����e��n����ne������as�s���e�e�����sis�e��s�a���essi�n���������e���as�a�s��

�een�s���e�������e�����n������e���ai�e���

���������e�ie�es���a�����s����n����ese��e���������a����s�e�e���aine���

������a����� ���� n��� ��e� �n��� �ne� ���� �as� e��e�ien�e�� ��� sis�e��s� �i��en�e�� ���

����e���as�a�s���een�s���e�������e�����n����s�e��e�a��e���

��s�����e��se������e����n��n����a���i����e�s�n�na�e�����i����ese���n�ise�

sen�en�es���n�e����e�s��s�an�e������e�����������e��ea�e���

�a�ina� is� n��� a��ne�� ���i�� a� ����ea������ ���an� ���� ��ai�e�� ��� �a�e� �een�

���si�a����an���e��a����a��a��e������e��s���se��a�s��e��e�ien�e���en�e���ase��

�i��en�e��

���������i��a�����ea���������an�������ai�e������a�e��een����si�a����an���e��a����

�a�asse������e����s�an����i�e�ise�s���e�e���en�e���ase���i��en�e�����

���i��e�ea�e����������e�s��n��nesia���a��s�e��e�an��e�ei�in��a��si�e���ea��en��

������e��s���se�a�����i�a�e������ee��ea�s�in����a��ia�e��

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani

��

��e�a��������n����es���e�ne�s��i���a�ne��sen�en�e���n�ainin����ssi��e�

ans�e�s� ���� ���en� ���� �a�e� �een� a��se� �i��i�s�� ��e� �����se� ��� ��e� �ina��

sen�en�e�is���������e�e���e��e����

����� �inis�e�� �in�an�� ��s�a���a� e���aine�� ��a�� �e�� �a���� �a�� �e�e���e�� an�

����ine�se��i�e��e��anis���������en�an����i���en����������e�e��a�s�����������

���� ���en�s� �����e��en�� an�� ������� in� ����in�es� an�� �is��i��s��i�ies� ���

���������e����in���e�s�ns��������e��i�e����������e��inis���������������

���in����e�a����i�n����s��ia���i�i�a�i�ns�����e�e���se�e�a��ins�i���i�ns��e�e���e��

�������������e� �e���a�i�ns�� in����in�� s������� an�� ���nse�in�� ins�i���es� ����

�i��en�e� a�ains�� ���en�� ��i��� �es��i��e�� se��i�es� ���� ���en� ���� �a��

e��e�ien�e��a��se����

����na�is�s���e��en����e�������i�s���e�s�n����n��ns�an���i�e����an��a�e��

�i�e��� s�a�e�en�s� a�e� �en��e�� ��� ��e� ���n��n� ��� ��a�ina��se���n����� as�

s���n�in���e�������in��e�a���es��

�n� ��� �a�i���� �a��ia���a�� ������e� s�e�s� ����� ��� ��an�����e��s� �e�ie�s�� �asse��

���n�����������e�����a�ina�����������e�s��n��nesia…�

����as�����e�������e����������en����en�������������is��������������e���s�e�s�a�e��

��a����e����n�s�e���as�n���in���e����n������

�����n�����e��n����ne������as�s���e�e�����sis�e��s�a���essi�n���������e���as�a�s��

�een�s���e�������e�����n������e���ai�e���

���������e�ie�es���a�����s����n����ese��e���������a����s�e�e���aine���

������a����� ���� n��� ��e� �n��� �ne� ���� �as� e��e�ien�e�� ��� sis�e��s� �i��en�e�� ���

����e���as�a�s���een�s���e�������e�����n����s�e��e�a��e���

��s�����e��se������e����n��n����a���i����e�s�n�na�e�����i����ese���n�ise�

sen�en�es���n�e����e�s��s�an�e������e�����������e��ea�e���

�a�ina� is� n��� a��ne�� ���i�� a� ����ea������ ���an� ���� ��ai�e�� ��� �a�e� �een�

���si�a����an���e��a����a��a��e������e��s���se��a�s��e��e�ien�e���en�e���ase��

�i��en�e��

���������i��a�����ea���������an�������ai�e������a�e��een����si�a����an���e��a����

�a�asse������e����s�an����i�e�ise�s���e�e���en�e���ase���i��en�e�����

���i��e�ea�e����������e�s��n��nesia���a��s�e��e�an��e�ei�in��a��si�e���ea��en��

������e��s���se�a�����i�a�e������ee��ea�s�in����a��ia�e��

Alemina Br. Perangin-angin, Ely Hayati Nasution, Widya Andayani

������e��en���e���i����a��e�� �i����in���ei���en�e�� �esi�en�e�in��a�a��a����e��en����

a�����anie�����������an��a�e�an����ass�n�nsense���n�i�����i��is�a��ie���e���i�s��

�i������e���s�an����en�e���esse���e��e��an����e��e��������i����is��e�a�i����

��������i�a����e���e����s�an������e���������e�e�����is�ne�e��������e����is�an�e��is�

���senin������ ���i� s�a�e��� ���e�e���e�� en��� is� a��i����s�� as� is� �e�a�a�i�n�� an��

���asi�na�������a��i�ns�a�e�ina������ia�e���

�����e��ne���e��������e��an�����i����e���e�e�en�s�������e�����e�sai���a�e���

�����n��a�������i��as�����e������i�e��i��������e����i���en���i�e��i��������e���esen�e�

��� �e�� ��s�an�����������in�� ��� ���i�� ��e� ��s�� si�ni�i�an�� �i��en�e� s�e� �as� e�e��

en���n�e�e��������e����en�s�e�an���e����s�an���a��a��ea�e��a����en����e���e��

��s�an��s��e��������e���as���ea�����en���e����s�an������e��e���e�����se����e��

�e�e��������a��������e��e�������

���e�����e��e���e�����as���se���s�������e�a�ain���a�e��e�����s�a�s����s�a��e���a����

��n����� �i��� ��e� in�e��i�ns� ��i�e� ���� ��e�nan���� ���i� e���aine��� �ina����� ��

s��ea�e��� an�� ��e� nei�����s� ���e�� �i�� ����� ��e� e�en��a���� �e�a��e���� ��e�

��n�in�e���

������in�e���en�����i�an���e��s���se�se�a�a�e��a��ea��a��������e�e�����is���es�n���

�es���e���e��i��en�e�s�e�e��e�ien�e������

�������i�������i�es�a��ne��i����e�������ne��ea��an���i�e���n���������i���en��s�a�e��

��a�� s�e� �a�� ��� �i���� �es�e�a�e��� ��� �ee�� �e�� �ai��� ne�essi�ies�� ���e��e��� ��e�

�an�e�i����n�i�i�n��as�e�a�e��a�e��e��n��i���i��i����ies�����

������en�s�e�i�����e���e����s�an����e����e����ne�����e��es��nsi��e��s�e��e�ei�e��

an��������en�s�����

���i����e������e���n�����e���a�en��s����e�in��a��a���a�����������a��a��e�a�se�

s�e��as��e���ess�in���e��a�e������e�si��a�i�n��

���e���ai�e������a�e��e����e����e�assa������������a�a��a��an���e���ase�is�����en����

�n�e��in�es�i�a�i�n��

�n��e��s����s���is�i�s����e�����na�is�s��se�e�a�������s�an���se��������ia��

�an��a�e������n����se��in�in����a����n�e�sa�i�ns����e�e�is�n���an��a�e�s���e��

�a�in�� ��e� �essa�e� eas�� ���� �ea�e�s� ��� �����e�en�� ��� �i�e����� ����in�� ��e�

���e�an�es� ��� �i��i�s� ��� �i��en�e�� ��e� �����se� is� ��� ��a�i��� ��e� �eanin��

����na�is�s��is�����s�a�e�an���a�e���e��e������e�in�e�es�in�������ea�e�s��

��n�e�nin�� ��e���i��� ��e� sen�en�e� e���asi�es� ��e� �i��i�s� ��� �i��en�e�s�

�i�e��� s�a�e�en�s�� ��e� a������ ��ea�e�� ��e� essa�� ��� ��n�e�� ���en��e�a�e��

�i��i����ies����in����e�����������an�e�i���

���

CONCLUSIONS ��

(9)

�����������������������������������������������������������������������

����������������������������������������������������������������������������������

������ ������� ����� ������� �������� ���� �������� ��� ����� �������� ��� ������ ��� ����

�������� ��� ��������� �������� ������ ������� ���� ��������� ����� ������������

���������� ������ ��������� ����� ���� ������ ��� �������� ��� ��������� �����������

���������������������������������������������������������������������������

�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������

���������������������������������������������������

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

���� ��������� ���������� ��� ����� �������� ���� ���������� ��������� ��� ����

������������ �������� ������ �������� ��������� ����������� ���� ������

�������������������� ���� ���� ����� ������� ������ ����������������������

�������������������

REFERENCES ��

�������������������New Media Coverage of Woman Asia Pacific Media Education��

�������������������������������

���������������������A new definition of Patriarchy Control of Woman's Sexuality Private Property and War�������

���������� ��������Analisis Wacana Pengantar Analisis Teks Media�� ������������

�����

��������� ��� ��� ��������Ilmu Komunikasi Teori dan Praktek�� ��������� �������

������������

������������������Analisis Wacana Kritis������������������������

�����������������������Critical Discourse Analysis: the Critical Study of Language.

����������������

������������������������������������������������������������������������������

�������������������Violence against women, 12����������–������

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

"Analysis of the Role of Parents in Online Learning in the Covid-19 Pandemic", ijd-demos,