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, n e tt ir w e v a h I h c i h w , s i s e h t s i h t t a h t e r a l c e d y lt s e n o h
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a d a p e k n a k ir e b m e m a y a s , n a u h a t e g n e p u m li n a g n it n e p e k i m e
D Perpustakaan
:l u d u jr e b g n a y a y a s h a i m li a y r a k a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U
T N E M N O R I V N E L A I C O S F O E C N E U L F N I E H
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P tanggal : 20September2 3 01 ,
n a k a t a y n e m g n a Y
ii v
G D E L W O N K C
A EMENTS
, e c a r g e m g n i v i g r o f d o G o t s e o g e d u ti t a r g t s e p e e d y M ! d r o L e h t e s i a r P
i h t h s i n if o t s s e c o r p e h t g n ir u d e g a r u o c d n a , g n i s s e l b , e c n a d i u
g s t hesi sso t ha t I
d l u o c y ll a n
if accomp ilshi .t
Ithank the Educa iton Departmen to fKuta iBarat t hat ha ssen tme to s
il g n E n i g n i y d u t s r o f a tr a k a y g o
Y h Educaiton Study Program . Ithank fo rthe D a t a n a S n i y d u t s y m h s i n if n a c I t a h t o s t r o p p u s l a r o m d n a l a i c n a n
if harma
r I . y ti s r e v i n
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r a e y e v if t u o b a r o f y d u t s y m e u n it n o c
r o s i v d a t a e r g y m r o f e d u ti t a r g y m s s e r p x e o t e k il d l u o w
I V .Triprihatmini,
,. d P .
S M.Hum,. M.Ain giving me suggesiton sand advice . Ithank he rfo rhe r n
i z a l y m g n i c a f n i e c n e it a
p es sandi nunderstandingme.I t hank herf o rhe rsmlie e k il d l u o w I . y li s a e m e l b o r p y m e c a f d l u o c I t a h t o s e c n a d i u g r e h g n ir u d h g u a l d n a
, s ff a t s d n a s r e r u t c e l m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E h s il g n E l l a o t e d u ti t a r g y m e v i g o t
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w uppo tr ,and expeirencesi n SanataDharma .
y ti s r e v i n U
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I o my beloved famliy :my fathe r
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a my late mothe rwho alway sgive me suppor tand advice . Ialso especially :
s r e t s i s y m o t k n a h
t Sikin and Yuiln ,and my brothersPerin and Dipa for t hei r p
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g s k n a h t l a i c e p s y
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a Dis ,Lulu ,Ntia ,Devis ,
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i s e h t s i h t e v e il e b I t u
b could no tbe completed wtihout t hei rsuppo tr .May God s
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x i
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
e g a P E
G A P E L T I
T ................................................................................................... i ii . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S E G A P L A V O R P P A
.. .. .. .. .. . S R E N I M A X E F O D R A O B F O E G A
P ................................................ i ii E
G A
P OFDEDICATION ................................................................................ iv ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
S .............................. . v
A T A Y N R E
P ANPERSETUJUANPUBLIKASI............................................... iv ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ................................ iv i ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ...................... xi
ii x . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L
T C A R T S B
A .................................................................................................... . x iii
K A R T S B
A .......................................................................................................... x v i
R E T P A H
C IINTRODUCTION .................................................................... . 1 1.1 Backgroundoft heStudy... . 1 1.2 ProblemFormulaiton... 4 1.3 Objecitve soft heStudy ... . 5 1.4 Benefti soft heStudy ... 5 1.5 DeifniitonofTerms... . 6
W E I V E R I I R E T P A H
C OFRELATEDLITERATURE .............................. 8 s
e i d u t S d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R 1 .
2 ... 8 s
e ir o e h T d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R 2 .
2 ... . 10 ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C d n a r e t c a r a h C f o y r o e h T 1 . 2 .
2 ... 10
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. n o it a v it o M f o y r o e h T 2 . 2 .
x .
2 .
2 3 Theoryo fEnvrionment. ... 16 .
2 .
2 4 Theoryo fSociety ... 18 2.3Reviewo fC iritca lApproach ... .1 9
4 .
2 Socio- uC tlura lHisto irca lBackgroundo fSlovenia ... . 02 2.5 TheoreitcalFramework ... 25
Y G O L O D O H T E M I I I R E T P A H
C ................................................................ 72 3.1Objec toft heStudy. ... . 72 3. 2Approachoft heStudy. ... . 28 3.3 Methodoft heStudy ... . 28
I R E T P A H
C V ANALYSIS ........................................................................... 30 4.1TheDescirpitono fVeronika. ... 30
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. n o it p ir c s e D l a c i s y h P 1 . 1 .
4 ... . 31 ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. n o it p ir c s e D y ti l a n o s r e P 2 . 1 .
4 ... . 34
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . e lt ti r B d n a c it s i m i s s e P 1 . 2 . 1 .
4 ... . 4 3 ll
e W d n a t n e d n e p e d n I 2 . 2 . 1 .
4 -Planned ... 63 d
n a t r e v o rt n I 3 . 2 . 1 .
4 Coward. ... 83 ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. l a c it ir C 4 . 2 . 1 .
4 ... 14 4.2 TheI n lfuenceo fSocia lEnvrionmen tonVeronika’s
Decisiont oCommi tSuicide ... . 34 1
. 2 .
i x
4. 3Veronika’ sMoitvaitont oCommi tSuicide ... . 05 g
n i g n o l e B d e ll if l u f n U 1 . 3 .
4 nes sandLoveNeeds. ... . 15 fl
e S d e ll if l u f n U 2 . 3 .
4 -EsteemNeeds. ... 4 . 5 fl
e S d e ll if l u f n U 3 . 3 .
4 - cA tuailzaitonNeeds. ... 65
R E T P A H
C V CONCLUSIONSANDSUGGESTIONS .............................. 95 5.1Conclusions. ... . 95 5.2Suggesitons. ... . 06
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . S E C N E R E F E
R ...... . 36
I D N E P P
ii x
S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L
1 X I D N E P P
A : Summaryo fVeronikaDecidest oDie... . 67 2
X I D N E P P
A : TheAuthor’ sBiography ... . 69 X
I D N E P P
A 3: TheAuthor’ sPicture ... 72 X
I D N E P P
A 4: TheAuthor’ sWorks. ... 73 X
I D N E P P
A 5: LessonPlan ... 75 X
I D N E P P
ii i x T C A R T S B A it n a s u
S . ( 120 3 . ) The Inlfuence o fSocia lEnvironmen ton Veronika’ sDecsiion to e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e V s ’ o h l e o C n i n e e S s a e d i c i u S t i m m o
C .Yogyaka tra :Facu tly
, n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L f o t n e m tr a p e D , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f o . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E h s il g n E , l e v o n s ’ o h l e o C o l u a P s e s s u c s i d s i s e h t s i h
T VeronikaDecidest o Die . tIi sa l ri g n a i n e v o l S g n u o y a t u o b a y r o t
s in age of twenty-fou rwho relaitvely ha san t i e c n i s y r o t s g n it s e r e t n i y r e v a s i s i h T . e c n a r a e p p a l a c i s y h p l a e d i d n a e fi l l a e d i .l u fi t u a e b s y a w l a t o n s i e fi l t a h t s r e d a e r e h t o t n o it a m r o f n i s e v i g p o w t e r a e r e h
T roblemst oansweri n t hi sstudy .Thef risti show Veronika’ s t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s f o e c n e u lf n i e h t s i d n o c e s e h t d n a , d e b ir c s e d e r a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c . e d i c i u s ti m m o c o t n o i s i c e d s ’ a k i n o r e V n o g n i s s a p m o c n e h c r a e s e r y r a r b il s i y d u t s s i h t n i d e y o l p m e d o h t e m e h
T the
f o l e v o
n Veronika Decide sto Die w irtten by Paulo Coelho a sthe p irmary data , e h t s a t e n r e t n i e h t m o r f a t a d o s l a d n a y g o l o h c y s p , s e s e h t , e r u t a r e ti l f o s k o o b d n a s i h t e s u a c e b l a c i g o l o h c y s p s i y d u t s s i h t n i d e s u h c a o r p p a e h T . s e c r u o s y r a d n o c e s a l e r y d u t
s te sto the main character’ smoitvaiton .Thi sstudy also used socio -o i c o s e h t e t a g it s e v n i o t h c a o r p p a l a c ir o t s i h l a r u tl u
c -cutlura l and histo irca l
. e d i c i u s ti m m o c o t n o i s i c e d s ’ a k i n o r e V e c n e u lf n i h c i h w s g n i d n u o r r u s s i a k i n o r e V t a h t s l a e v e r g n i d n if t s ri f e h
T abeautfiu lwomanwhocan atrtac t , c it s i m i s s e p a s a d e b ir c s e d s i e h s , s ti a rt y ti l a n o s r e p r e h m o r F . n o it n e tt a s ’ e l p o e p ll e w , t n e d n e p e d n i , e lt ti r
b -planned ,inrtovetr ,coward ,and c iritca lperson .In the c n e u lf n i e h t t a h t l a e v e r s g n i d n if e h t ,s i s y l a n a d n o c e
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c re such a sdrama ,poerty ,and novel .Drama involve ssight , c it s il a e r a e v i g n a c t i t a h t o s ) e r u t s e g ( t n e m e v o m f o e r u t s o p d n a g n ir a e h c il o b m y s e h t s i y rt e o P . g n i d a e r h g u o r h t n o it a n i g a m i n a n a h t r e h t a r e r e h p s o m t a f o n o it a c i n u m m o c r o f , e g a u g n a l n i n o i s s e r p x
e imaginaitve expeirence .However , f o n o it p ir c s e d h c u m e d i v o r p h c i h w m r o f d a e r d n a n e tt ir w y l e d i w t s o m e h t s i l e v o n n e e w t e b s m e l b o r p x e l p m o c e h t , g n it t e s , r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i d u l c n i , s t n e m e l e s ti ’ s r e t c a r a h c e h t n i d e n e p p a h t n e m p o l e v e d e h t n e v e d n a , s r e t c a r a h
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s a t s u j : s t n e m e l e y n a m f o y lr a li m i s d n u o p m o c e r a d n a e fi l t c e lf e r s l e v o n t s e t a e r g , 2 7 9 1 ( ” s s e c c u s d n a , w o r r o s , r o m u h , e p o h , t n e m t n i o p p a s i d , y o j f o e r u t x i m a s i e fi l h t d n a r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t s a r o h t u a e h t t n e s e r p e r o s l a y a m l e v o n A . ) 3 3 1 . p e d e t p a d a s i h c i h w e c n e ir e p x e r o g n it t e s e h t e b n a c t I . e fi l f o d n u o r g k c a b s ’ r o h t u a a e d i r o n o it a n i g a m i s ’ r o h t u a e h t t s u j s i ti , s e m it e m o s t u B . e fi l s ’ r o h t u a e h t m o r f . k r o w y r a r e ti l f o e c e i p a s a n e tt ir w s i h c i h w e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e
V i sanovelt ha trepresent sand share smany aspect s o l u a P , r e ti r w n a il i z a r B f o n o it c e lf e r p e e d a m o r f s e m o c t I . e fi l s ’ n a m u h o t d e t a l e r e r u t c i p a e k a t o t d e ir t d n a s e c n e ir e p x e s ’ n a m u h o t n i fl e s m i h n e k a t d a h e H . o h l e o C . y r o t s f o m r o f a o t n i e fi l s ’ e n o e m o s f
y t n e w t s i e h S . a k i n o r e V d e ll a c a n a jl b u j L m o r f n a m o w n a i n e v o l
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e h t r e v e t a h W . s n o s a e r n w o r i e h t e v a h e d i c i u s t i m m o c o h w e l p o e P . d r a e h e w m r e t n i s m e l b o r p h ti w l a e d o t y a w a s a e d i c i u s e s o o h c l li t s e l p o e p y n a m , e r a s n o s a e r d e ti c s A . e fi
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F -1963 ) i s the autho r o f The Bel l Jar who e h s , 3 6 9 1 y r a u r b e F 1 1 n O . n o i s s e r p e d e h t f o e s u a c e b e d i c i u s d e tt i m m o c r e h f o n e h c ti k e h t n i n e v o e h t m o r f s a g h ti w f l e s r e h g n il a e s y b e d i c i u s d e tt i m m o c d n a t s il a c o v a , ) 7 6 9 1 ( n i a b o C t r u K , s 0 9 9 1 e h t n i n a i c i s u m r a l u p o p a , t x e N . e s u o h v ri N e h t f o r e d a e
l anaband also ended his l fieby commtiitng suicide on 5Ap ir l i z a N e h t f o r e d a e l , n a i c it il o p s u o m a f A . a n a v ri N f o d n e e h t e m a c e b h c i h w 4 9 9 1 9 8 8 1 ( r e lt i H f l o d A , y tr a
p -1945) ,also committed suicide by shooitng himsel f l o t s i p a h ti w h t u o m e h t h g u o r h
t atfe rhefaliedwinningt heSecondWo lrdWa.r h g u o r h t e fi l ri e h t d e d n e e l p o e p y n a m e r e w e r e h t , a i n e v o l S n i , e l p m a x e e r o M a h s i M y b d e ti c s A . 1 9 9 1 n i e c n e d n e p e d n i s ti d e r a l c e d y rt n u o c e h t n e h w e d i c i u s , ) 6 9 9 1
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. ) 8 3 . p ( r e d r o s i d l a t n e m
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2 How doe s the socia l envrionmen t in lfuence he r decision to commi t ?
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r o s n o it i d n o c e m a s e h t e v a h o h w s r e d a e r e h t r o f , r e v o e r o M . y ti x e l p m o c s ti d n a
d n a c it s i m it p o e b o t n r a e l n a c y e h t , n o it i d n o c s ’ r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t o t s e it ir a li m i s
n i h
t k posiitvelyi nf acingt hei r ilves .BasedonVeronika’ sexpeirences , Ihopet ha t e v it i s o p a m o r f e fi l r i e h t n i s m e l b o r p e h t e e s o t s r e d a e r e h t p l e h n a c y d u t s s i h t
. w e i v f o t n i o p
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r e t c a r a h C 1 . 5 . 1
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d n a ) e u g o l a i d e h t( y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e d n a
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w n t hi sstudy ,characte rrefers t o Veronika, t he s
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m Veronika Decide s to Die . Fu trher , Veronika’ s f
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A Worchel and Sheb liske (1989) ,moitvaiton i st he reason why y
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a a tacetrain itme( pp .3 -73 374) .Meanwhlie ,a s y
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1 .3Suicide
d e s u m r e t e h t t u b s s e n ll i n a t o n s i e d i c i u s s e n if e d ) 9 0 1 . p , 1 5 9 1 ( m i e h k r u D
e r a s l a u d i v i d n i n e h w s r u c c o t i d n a e fi l n w o s ’ e n o f o g n i k a t f o t c a e h t e b ir c s e d o t
f e
r erst ot heacitonwhichha sdonebyVeronika,t ake she rownl fiebys wallowing .s
ll i p g n i p e e l s f o s k c a p r u o f
t n e m n o r i v n E l a i c o S 4 . 5 . 1
t n u H d n a r e d n a ll o
H (1967 ,pp .24-26 )statet ha tsocia lenvrionmenti nclude s s a h h c i h w s e it i n u m m o c r e h t o y n a s g n o l e b n o s r e p e h t h c i h w o t y ti n u m m o c e h t
s n a e m t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s t a h t d e d u l c n o c e b n a c t i o S . t c a t n o c t c e ri d n i d n a t c e ri d
n u o r r u s d n a e l p o e p n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e r e h
t dings . In thi s study , socia l
e h s e r e h w y t e i c o s e h t d n a a k i n o r e V n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e r e h t s n a e m t n e m n o ri v n e
e h s s d n e ir f d n a y li m a f e h t , n i s e v il e h s e r e h w e c a l p f o n o it i d n o c e h t , o t s g n o l e b
8
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R
E
T
P
A
H
C
F
O
W
E
I
V
E
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R
E
L
A
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L
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Thi schapteri sdivided i nto t hreepa tr .s They arereview o frelated studies , .
k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t d n a s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r f o w e i v e
r The fris tpatr i sreview o f
d e t a l e
r studie swhich provide some ciritcism sfrom the othe rresearchers .The r
s i t r a p d n o c e
s eview o f related theo ire s consis t the theo ire s o f character , n
o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c , theory o f moitvaiton , c iritca l approach and socio-cutlura l d
n u o r g k c a b l a c ir o t s i
h .The las ti stheoreitca lframework which descirbe sthe e
s o h t f o n o it u b ir t n o
c theo ires ,howt het heo ire sareusedt os uppo trt heanalysi .s
1 .
2 Reviewo fRelatedStudies e i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e
V wasf ris tpubilshed i n Engilsh i n 1999.I thad been t a h t y a l p n e e r c s e h t o t t h g u o r b n e e b d a h o s l a t i d n a , s e i v o m d n a s g n o s o t n i d e t p a d a
a r a
S h MichelleGella rplayed a sVeronika .A safamou snovel ,Veronika Decide s e
i D o
t i sapopula rsubjectt o bestudied .Manyr esearcher shad beenw irtten t hei r . s e v it c e p s r e p t n e r e ff i d y n a m n i e t o r w y e h T . l e v o n e h t t u o b a s n o i n i p o d n a s a e d i
o r w s r e h c r a e s e r e m o
S tei n psychology and formailsitcperspecitves .Some other s y g o l o h c y s p h t o b d e s u s r e h t o e m o s d n a , g n it ir w r i e h t n i l a c i h p o s o li h p l a r o m d e s u
. h c a o r p p a l a c i h p a r g o i b d n a
, ) 2 1 0 2 ( u a l e J s i h c a o r p p a y g o l o h c y s p e s u o h w s r e h c r a e s e r f o e l p m a x e n A
e h t n o s e z i s a h p m
s i e h s e s u a c e b e fi l g n i c a f n i s s e lr e w o p s l e e f a k i n o r e V , l a r e ti l n I . e d i c i u s t i m m o c i n a e m e u rt e h t , e li h W . e t a f r e h f o d i a r f
a ng o fVeronika to commi tsuicide i s 7 6 . p p ( d i e h t l o rt n o c t o n n a c e h s e s u a c e
b -6 8 .)
e c n e u lf n i s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e h t w o h n o s e z i s a h a p m e , ) 5 1 . p , 7 0 0 2 ( s u li f o e h T o t e l b a s i a k i n o r e V , y ll a n i F . r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t s a a k i n o r e V f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h t n a f l e s r e h t c e p s e
r d appreciate he rlfie more than before by understanding the o t d e s u s i h c a o r p p a c it s il a m r o f e h T . s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e h t m o r f e fi l f o g n i n a e m .t n e m p o l e v e d s ’ a k i n o r e V o t s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m h c a e f o e l o r e h t d n e h p m o c 4 5 . p p , 5 0 0 2 ( i r a d n a w s u
K -55 )employ sthe mora lphliosophica lapproach , s tr o p p u s t n e m n o ri v n e w e n ’ s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t n o e z i s a h p m e o t d e s u s i h c i h w o t r e h e l b a n e t n e m n o ri v n e w e n r e h n i e l p o e P . e fi l f o g n i n a e m e h t d n if o t a k i n o r e V . e fi l s i h t g n i w e i v f o y a w r e h g n i g n a h c h c i h w s e c n e ir e p x e w e n d n if a n a ir ti
F (2012 )explain sthe characteirsitc so fVeronika and Edward are e m a s e h t s a h o s l a r o h t u a e h t e r e h w , s c it s ir e t c a r a h c ’ s r o h t u a e h t o t r a li m i s l a c i h p a r g o i b d n a l a c i g o l o h c y s p s e s u y d u t s s i h T . m u l y s a n a n i g n i v il e c n e ir e p x e e r e h t e z y l a n a o t r e d r o n i s e h c a o r p p
a laitonbetween authors ’personall fieandt he .) 4 3 . p ( l e v o n e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e s o h t m o r f t n e r e ff i d , r e v e w o H . l e v o n e m a s e h t n o s e s y l a n a y d u t s s i h T e h t n o t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s f o e c n e u lf n i e h t e z y l a n a o t e k il d l u o w I , e v o b a s e i d u t s n o i s i c e d s ’ r e t c a r a h c n i a
m tocommi tsuicide .Thi sstudy f ocuse son analyzing t he n e e w t e b s e c n e r e ff i d e h T . n o i s i c e d s ’ r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t e c n e u lf n i h c i h w s r o t c a f e s u I y d u t s s i h t n i e r a s e h c a o r p p a e s o h t e s u h c i h w s e i d u t s r e h t o d n a y d u t s s i h t o i c o s d n a l a c i g o l o h c y s
, e li h W . d n u o f e b n a c e d i c i u s t i m m o c o t n o i s i c e d s ’ a k i n o r e V h c a o r p p
a through
o i c o
s -cutlura l histo irca l background can be used to invesitgate the socia l .
e d i c i u s ti m m o c o t a k i n o r e V s e c n e u lf n i h c i h w n i s g n i d n u o r r u s
2 .
2 Reviewo fRelatedTheories 1
. 2 .
2 Theoryo fCharacterandCharacteriza iton n
o t n a t
S say stha tthe term characte ri scommonly used in two ways .The i
“ t s ri
f tdesignatest hei ndividua lwho appearsi nt hestory” .Thesecond“tir efer s e
r u t x i m o
t fo interest ,desrie ,emoiton ,and mora lp irnciple stha tmake seach o f s
l a u d i v i d n i e s e h
t ” (1965 ,p .17) .By knowing t hecharacter sand characteirzaiton y b d e t a t s s A . y r o t s e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e p e e d a t e g l li w r e d a e r e h t , y r o t s e h t f o
s m a r b
A ,character sare the person who naturally posses smora land emoitona l e u g o l a i d e h t n i d e t c e lf e r t a h t k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d a n i d e t n e s e r p l l a s e it il a u q
1 8 9 1 ( n o s r e p e h t g n o m a n o it c a d n
a ,pp .2 -0 2 1 .)
s m a r b A , e c n a tr o p m i ri e h t n o d e s a
B also states t ha tcharacters i n t henove l d
e r
a ividedi ntomajo randmino rcharacter .Hemen itons tha tmajo rcharacter sare n i t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t d n a l a rt n e c e h t g n i m o c e b s a l l e w s a n o it c a n i a m n i d e v l o v n i
d n a g n it t e s n i a tr e c n i r a e p p a t a h t s r e t c a r a h c e r a s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e li h w , y r o t s a
s s e c e n e r a y e h
t ary t o becomet he background fort hemajo rcharacter .“the role s d e p o l e v e d y ll u f t o n e r a y e h t e s u a c e b s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t n a h t t n a tr o p m i s s e l e r a
s r e t c a r a h
c and thei rrole sin a story are jus tto suppor tthe developmen to fthe r
e t c a r a h c r o j a
s d n i k o w t o t n i d e d i v i d e r a s r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h
T : they are the protagonis t
e r a y r o t s i h d n a n o it a v it o m e s o h w r e t c a r a h c e h t s i t s i n o g a t o r p e h T . t s i n o g a t n a d n a
o
m ts fullyestabilshed ,whoaret heconfilc tandchangeast hestoryprogress ,who r
r u o e g a g n
e esponsemorevivid t han othe rcharacter .Moreove,rt he antagonisti s a
m a r d , e s o r p , m e o p a n i r e t c a r a h c e h
t ,novel whose aciton soppose t hose of t he a
m e h t( t s i n o g a t o r
p j or character) .In Veronika Decide sto Die ,Veronika i sthe t
a h t r e t c a r a h c t s i n o g a t o r
p shapest he story .Veronika’ sway oft hinking ,he rpoin t .l e v o n e h t n i y lt s o m d e b ir c s e d e r a s m e l b o r p r e h o s l a d n a y ti l a n o s r e p r e h , w e i v f o
y e h t t a h t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c n e e w t e b g n i n a e m e s o l c a e r a e r e h T
e t c a r a h C . t n e r e ff i d y ll a c it e r o e h t t u b e k il
a r sare the person in play ,novel ,shor t t n e r e ff i d n o s r e p a e k a m t a h t s e it il a u q l a r o m r o l a t n e m e h t w o h s o h w c t e , y r o t s
o t g n i d r o c c a , s a e r e h W . ) 0 2 . p , 1 8 9 1 , s m a r b A ( s r e h t o m o r
f Rohrberge randWoods,
s e t a e r c r o h t u a n a h c i h w y b s s e c o r p e h t s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c acharacter .They state
t t a h
t herearet wo p irncipa lway sanautho rcan characteirzethecharacte rsuch a s .
c it a m a r d d n a t c e ri
d The author can use the driec tway mean sto descirbe the e
r o l a u t c e ll e t n i d n a , s e t u b ir tt a l a r o m , e c n a r a e p p a l a c i s y h p r a l u c it r a
p xplain the
w o h s o t s n a e m c it a m a r d e s u n a c o s l a e H . y ti v it i s n e s f o e e r g e
d thepersonaltiy o f
h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c e h
t thewayhes peak so rbehaves (1971 ,p .20) . ,
e v o b a s e ir o e h t e h t g n it r o p p u s n
I Murphy (1972 )also convey sthere are s
y a w e m o
s o fcharacteirzation in which the autho rt ire sto make hi scharacter s .s
r e d a e r e h t o t e v il a e m o c d n a e l b a d n a t s r e d n
u They are persona ldescirpiton ,
n a , t h g u o h t , t n e m m o c t c e ri d , n o it c a e r , s r e h t
o d the las ti smanneirsm (pp .1 -61
3 7 1 ) .
p s i y a w t s ri f e h
T ersona l descirpiton . Here the autho r can descirbe a f
o m r e t n i e c n a r a e p p a s ’ n o s r e
p eyes ,body ,hands ,face ,skin-color ,hari ,and h d n a t s r e d n u o t d n a e z il a u s i v o t r e d a e r e h t p l e h o t r e d r o n i s e h t o l
c i s
s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c .
c s i d n o c e s e h
T haracte r a s seen by o rthe s . I t mean s tha t instead o f n
a c r o h t u a e h t , y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c a g n i b ir c s e
d descirbe a characte r through
s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o e h t f o s n o i n i p
o .The opinion may comefrom peoplearound t he t
u o b a n o s r e
p hi s o r he r personaltiy which can also determine hi s o r he r .
c it s ir e t c a r a h c
t s i d ri h t e h
T h ue seo fspeech .Theautho rmay givet her eadersi nsight i nto .s
y a s n o s r e p e h t t a h w h g u o r h t y r o t s e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e n
o Thef ou trh i spas t
e fi
l . tIi salso usefuli nordert o understand t hecharacter .Theautho rcan givet he .
r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a e p a h s o t d e p l e h t a h t s e u l c e m o s s r e d a e
r Here we learn a
n a c l u f g n i n a e m y ll a e r e r a h c i h w e s o h t y lr a l u c it r a p , e c n e ir e p x e t s a p s ’ r e t c a r a h c
e p e h t o t s t c e ff e l a r e v e s e s u a
c rson’ sfuture lfie even tmay change hi so rhe r T
. r e t c a r a h
c h e iftfh i sconversaiton o fothers .The autho rcan give a clue to a s
r e t c a r a h c r e h t o h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e
p and t het hingst hey
r s i h t x i s e h T . m i h t u o b a y a
s eaciton .By using thi skind o fcharacteirzaiton ,the o t s t c a e r n o s r e p t a h t w o h w o n k o t t n a w o h w s r e d a e r e h t o t e u l c a e v i g n a c r o h t u a
d s i t x e n e h
T riec tcomment .The autho rmay give commen ton a person’ s . w e i v f o t n i o p r e h r o s i h n o d e s a b s t n e m m o c e v i g d n a y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h
c The
t s i h t h g i
e hought .Theautho rgivest hecharacteirzaitonoft hepersont hroughwha t i
k n i h t e r a y r o t s e h t n i e l p o e p t n e r e ff i d r o n o s r e p e h
t n gabout.
s i t s a l e h
T manneirsm .Through t hi sway, t heautho rcreatest hecharacters ’ f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t w o h s l li w r o i v a h e b e h t f o e n o y r e v e d n a h c a e e r e h w r o i v a h e b
o s l a r o h t u a e h t e r e H . r e t c a r a h c e h
t can descirbe a person’ smanneirsm o rhabti s y
a m t a h
t tellt her eaderss omethingabou thi scharacter .
l a n o s r e p r e h h g u o r h t s r e t c a r a h c s ’ a k i n o r e V s e b ir c s e d o h l e o C l e v o n s i h t n I
y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h c , t n e m m o c t c e ri d , t h g u o h t , h c e e p s f o e s u e h t , n o it p ir c s e d
ir e n n a m d n a s r e h t o h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c , n o it c a e r , s r e h t
o sm .Meanwhlie ,Murphy’ s
o t g n ir e f e r n o it a n i a l p x e o n s i e r e h t e s u a c e b d e s u e b
