REMINDER: READ CAREFULLY THE INSTRUCTIONS ON THE FRONT PAGE.
PERINGATAN: BACA DENGAN TELITI ARAHAN PADA MUKA SURAT HADAPAN.
1. Which of the following term describes pharmacology? A. The intent to administer medication.
B. The preparation of medication. C. Statement of not harming the patient. D. The study of medication.
Manakah di antara yang berikut menggambarkan farmakologi? A. Niat untuk memberi pengubatan.
B. Penyediaan pengubatan.
C. Penyataan tidak membahayakan pesakit. D. Pembelajaran berkaitan pengubatan.
2. What is the MOST important role of a medication nurse? A. Administer medication via right route.
B. Check for the expiry date of prescribed medication. C. Prepare and administer medication safely.
D. Report the expected outcome of medication.
Apakah peranan PALING penting jururawat medikasi?
A. Memberikan ubat melalui saluran yang betul. B. Periksa tarikh luput pengubatan yang dipreskrip. C. Menyediakan dan memberikan ubat dengan selamat. D. Melaporkan jangkaan hasil pengubatan.
3. Which of the following changes is expected in pharmacodynamics of a drug? A. Route of administration.
B. Movement of drug in the body. C. Dose and therapeutic index. D. Drug reaching the targeted cells.
Manakah diantara berikut perubahan yang dijangkakan di dalam dinamikfarmako sesuatu ubat? A. Kaedah pemberian ubat.
B. Pergerakan ubat dalam tubuh badan. C. Dos dan indeks terapeutik.
Page 2 of 16 D. Ubat sampai ke sel sasaran.
4. Which route of medication administration takes 15-30 minutes for effect to take place? A. Intraosseous.
B. Intramuscular. C. Subcutaneous. D. Ingestion.
Manakah antara kaedah pemberian ubat berikut mengambil masa 15-30 untuk memberi kesan?
A. Intraosseous.
B. Intraotot. C. Subkutan. D. Ingesi.
5. Which of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding medication prescription? A. An official statement of prescription that is valid for 10 days.
B. The prescription must only have medication name, dose and signature. C. A recognized official statement for individual drug prescription.
D. Prescription slip can be signed by a nurse, but need to be endorsed by a doctor.
Manakah di antara kenyataan berikut adalah BETUL berkaitan preskripsi pengubatan? A. Kenyataan rasmi berkaitan preskripsi yang sah selama 10 hari.
B. Preskripsi mesti ada nama ubat, dos dan tandatangan. C. Kenyataan rasmi yang diiktiraf untuk preskripsi ubat individu.
D. Slip preskripsi boleh ditandatangani jururawat tetapi mesti mendapat pengesahan doktor.
6. Which of the following is the origin on which steroid drugs are classified? A. Natural origin.
B. Microbial origin. C. Chemical synthesis.
D. Chemical and natural origin.
7. What is the pharmacological action of diuretic drugs? A. Blocks the enzyme activity.
B. Dilates peripheral blood vessels. C. Lowers plasma volume.
D. Blocks heart calcium channels.
Apakah klasifikasi farmakologi ubat diuretik? A. Menyekat aktiviti enzim.
B. Dilatasi salur darah periferi C. Menurunkan isipadu plasma. D. Menyekat saluran kalsium jantung.
8. Which of the following action can prevent medication error? A. Perform double checking with another registered nurse. B. Ensure the medication trolley keys are kept in the pocket. C. Always ask a colleague to counter sign the prescription form. D. Calculate the dose accurately using a calculator.
Manakah antara tindakan berikut boleh mengelakkan kesilapan pengubatan? A. Melakukan semakan berganda dengan jururawat lain.
B. Memastikan kunci troli ubat sentiasa disimpan dalam poket.
C. Sentiasa minta rakan setugas untuk counter sign borang preskripsi.
D. Kira dos secara tepat mengguna mesin pengira.
9. A doctor has prescribed a medication for a heart patient. Upon reading the dose, you notice it is not the correct dose based on the patient’s weight. You call the doctor and inform him of the mistake.
What aspect of nursing process your action is based on? A. Assessment.
B. Intervention. C. Diagnosing. D. Evaluation.
Doktor telah menpreskrip ubat untuk pesakit jantung. Setelah membaca dos, anda dapati dos yang diberi adalah tidak betul berdasarkan berat badan pesakit. Anda memanggil doktor dan
Page 4 of 16 Apa aspek proses kejururawatan bagi tindakan anda? A. Asesmen.
B. Intervention.
C. Diagnosis. D. Penilaian.
10. Hale (2004) provided recommendations regarding administration of medication for lactating women.
Which of the following is the BEST recommendation? A. Give drugs with a shorter half-life.
B. Give drugs that have long half-lives.
C. Avoid drugs with high protein-binding ability. D. Give herbal product and dietary supplement.
Hale (2004) memberi cadangan mengenai pemberian ubatan untuk wanita menyusukan. Manakah antara berikut adalah cadangan yang TERBAIK?
A. Memberi ubat yang mempunyai separuh hayat yang pendek. B. Memberi ubat yang mempunyai separuh hayat yang panjang.
C. Mengelakkan ubat yang mempunyai kebolehan ikatan protein yang tinggi. D. Memberi produk herba dan diet tambahan.
11. Administrating drugs for children are similar in terms of route and type. However the management is different.
Which factor is the MOST to be considered when administrating drugs to children? A. Physiological variations.
B. Body system development. C. Hydration level.
D. Side effects of the drugs.
Pemberian ubat kepada kanak kanak adalah sama dalam kaedah dan jenis ubat. Walau bagaimanapun pengurusannya adalah berbeza.
Manakah faktor PALING perlu diambil kira semasa pemberian ubat kepada kanak-kanak? A. Variasi fisiologi.
B. Sistem perkembangan tubuh badan.
C. Tahap hidrasi.
12. A clinic nurse reads the results of a Mantoux test on a 3-year-old child. The result indicates an area of induration measuring 10mm.
What is the nurse’s interpretation of this result? A. Positive.
B. Negative. C. Inconclusive.
D. Definitive but requiring a repeat test.
Seorang jururawat klinik membaca keputusan ujian Mantoux pada kanak-kanak berusia 3 tahun. Keputusan menunjukkan kawasan yang bengkak dan merah berukuran 10mm.
Apakah interpretasi jururawat terhadap keputusan ini? A. Positif.
B. Negatif. C. Tidak pasti.
D. Pasti tetapi perlu ujian ulangan.
13. A community nurse visits a client recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily. The client asks the nurse how to store the unopened vials of insulin.
Which is the correct advice the nurse should provide to the client? A. Freeze the vials.
B. Refrigerate the vials.
C. Store the vials in a dark, dry place. D. Keep the vials at room temperature.
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14. Mr R was prescribed on liquid medication PRN. After the nurse has prepared the medication she realized that Mr R does not need the medication.
What is the MOST appropriate nursing action? A. Record the correct count and the dose taken.
B. Charge for the dose that was given because it must be paid for. C. Record the medication as “not taken’ and discard the prepared dose. D. Pour the medication back into the container.
En. R telah dipreskrip dengan ubat cecair PRN. Setelah jururawat menyediakan ubat tersebut, beliau menyedari En. R tidak memerlukan ubat tersebut.
Apakah tindakan kejururawatan PALING sesuai? A. Rekod kiraan yang betul dan dos yang diambil. B. Caj bagi dos yang diberikan kerana ia mesti dibayar.
C. Rekod ubat tersebut sebagai ‘tidak diambil' dan buang dos yang telah disediakan.
D. Tuangkan ubat semula ke dalam bekas.
15. Hospital A is practicing different drug protocol with Hospital B. A nurse who is just
transferred from Hospital B is using protocol of Hospital A instead of B when administering medication to a client.
What action should the nurse take before commencing the task? A. Refer to the drug protocol of Hospital B
B. Refer to the drug instructions from manufacturer C. Seek advice from a Registered Nurse of Hospital B
D. Confirm with the client how the drug been administered to him
Hospital A menggunakan protokol pengubatan yang berbeza dengan Hospital B. Jururawat yang baru dipindahkan dari Hospital B menggunakan protokol Hospital A bukannya Hospital B semasa memberi medikasi kepada klien.
Apakah tindakan yang perlu dilakukan oleh jururawat sebelum memulakan tugasan tersebut? A. Rujuk protokol pengubatan Hospital B.
B. Rujuk arahan pengubatan daripada pengeluar.
C. Mendapatkan nasihat daripada jururawat berdaftar Hospital B.
16. Which of the following contributes to medication error?
A. Giving a medication based on the order using abbreviation that you are familiar. B. Give a medication based on person’s body weight.
C. Making a meticulous calculation for each medication prescribed. D. Temporary excuse yourself from involving in medication dispensing.
Manakah di antara berikut menyumbang kepada kesilapan pengubatan? A. Memberi ubat berdasarkan penggunaan singkatan yang anda biasa. B. Memberi ubat berdasarkan berat badan seseorang.
C. Membuat pengiraan teliti bagi setiap ubat yang dipreskrip.
D. Mengelakkan diri sementara waktu daripada terlibat dalam pendispensan ubat.
17. A nurse provides medication instructions to a mother of a child with heart problem.
Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further instruction? A. “I should cuddle my child after giving the medication.”
B. “I can give my child a frozen juice bar after he swallows the medication.” C. “I should mix the medication in the baby food during feeding .”
D. D. “I will call a doctor if I see my child is breathless.”
Seorang jururawat menyediakan arahan ubat untuk ibu kepada anak yang mengalami sakit jantung Manakah pernyataan ibu menunjukkan keperluan arahan selanjutnya?
A. "Saya perlu memeluk anak saya selepas memberi ubat."
B. "Saya boleh memberi anak saya ketulan jus beku selepas dia menelan ubat." C. "Saya perlu campurkan ubat dalam makanan bayi semasa makan."
D. "Saya akan menghubungi doktor jika anak saya mengalami sesak nafas.”
18. A nurse provides home care instructions to the parents of a child with congestive heart failure regarding administration of digoxin.
Which statement made by the parent indicates the need for further instructions? A. “I will not mix the medication with food.”
B. “If more than one dose is missed, I will call the physician.”
C. “I will check the child’s pulse before administrating the medication.” D. “If the child vomits after medication administration, I will repeat the dose.”
Seorang jururawat memberi arahan jagaan di rumah kepada ibu bapa seorang anak dengan
Page 8 of 16
Manakah pernyataan daripada ibu bapa menunjukkan keperluan untuk arahan lanjut?
A. "Saya tidak akan mencampurkan ubat dengan makanan”.
B. "Jika tertinggal lebih dari satu dos, saya akan memanggil doktor".
C. "Saya akan memeriksa nadi anak sebelum beri ubat”.
D. "Jika anak muntah selepas ubat diberi, saya akan ulangi satu dos lagi”.
19. The nurse is providing medication instructions to an elderly who is taking digoxin daily.
Which of age-related body changes could place the client at risk for digoxin toxicity that a nurse should be aware?
A. Decreased muscle strength and loss of bone density. B. Decreased cough efficiency and decreased vital capacity. C. Decreased salivation and decreased gastrointestinal motility. D. Decreased lean body mass and decreased glomerular filtration rate.
Jururawat memberi penerangan perubatan kepada warga emas yang mengambil digoxin.
Manakah perubahan badan berkaitan umur yang boleh mendedahkan pesakit pada toksisiti digoxin yang jururawat perlu beri perhatian?
A. Pengurangan kekuatan otot dan kehilangan ketumpatan tulang. B. Pengurangan efisien batuk dan pengurangan kapasiti vital.
C. Pengurangan rembesan liur dan pengurangan motiliti gastrointestinal.
D. Pengurangan jisim badan tanpa lemak dan pengurangan kadar filtrasi glomerulus.
20. Which observation should the nurse do when serving diuretic to the patient? A. Blood pressure.
B. Water retention. C. Urinary output. D. Signs of dehydration.
Manakah pemerhatian yang perlu jururawat lakukan apabila memberi diuretik kepada pesakit?
A. Tekanan darah. B. Retensi air. C. Keluaran urin.
D. Tanda-tanda dehidrasi.
21. A public health nurse is visiting a client with elevated triglyceride levels and a serum cholesterol level of 10.5 mmol/l. The client is taking cholestyramine (Questran).
Which statement made by the client, indicates the needs for further education? A. “Constipation and bloating might be a problem.”
B. “‘I’ll continue to watch my diet and reduce my fat intake.” C. “Walking a kilometre each day will help the whole process.” D. “I’ll continue my nicotinic acid from the health food store.”
Seorang jururawat kesihatan awam melawat klien dengan tahap trigliserid yang tinggi dan tahap
serum kolesterol 10.5 mmol / l. Klien mengambil cholestyramine (Questran). Manakah pernyataan oleh klien yang menunjukkan keperluan pendidikan lanjut? A. "Sembelit dan kembung mungkin menjadi masalah."
B. "Saya akan terus memastikan diet saya dan mengurangkan pengambilan lemak." C. "Berjalan satu kilometer setiap hari akan membantu keseluruhan proses."
D. "Saya akan terus mengambil asid nikotinik dari kedai makanan kesihatan."
22. Mr. X, with congestive heart failure is discharged with diuretics. He asked the nurse on how long it must be taken.
What is the nurse BEST response to Mr. X?
A. “As you urinate more, you will need less medication to control fluid”. B. “You will have to take this medication for about a year”.
C. “The medication must be continued so the fluid problem is controlled”. D. “Please talk to your physician about medications and treatments”.
En. X, menghidapi kegagalan jantung kongestif telah discaj dengan pengubatan diuretik. Beliau bertanya kepada jururawat berapa lama ubat tersebut perlu diambil.
Apakah respons TERBAIK jururawat kepada En. X?
A. ”Apabila anda kencing lebih, anda memerlukan kurang ubat untuk mengawal cecair”
B. ”Anda akan ambil ubat ini selama lebih kurang satu tahun”
C. ”Ubat ini mesti diteruskan supaya masalah cecair terkawal”
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23. A two-year-old child with congestive heart failure has been receiving digoxin for one week is potentially to get digitalis toxicity.
What is the early sign of digitalis toxicity should the nurse recognize? A. Bradypnea.
B. Shortness of breath. C. Tachycardia.
D. Vomiting.
Seorang kanak-kanak berusia dua tahun dengan kegagalan jantung kongestif telah menerima pengubatan digoxin selama seminggu berpotensi mendapat toksisiti digitalis.
Apakah tanda awal toksisiti digitalis yang patut jururawat kenalpasti? A. Bradipnea.
B. Sukar bernafas. C. Takikardia. D. Muntah.
24. Ms. Y is going to be discharged from the ward with coumadin therapy.
Which over-the-counter medication should Ms Y avoid? A. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
B. Cough medicines with guaifenesin. C. Histamine blockers.
D. Laxatives containing magnesium salts.
Cik Y akan discaj dari wad dengan terapi coumadin.
Manakah pengubatan over-the-counter yang harus Cik Y elakkan? A. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
B. Ubat batuk dengan guaifenesin. C. Histamine blockers.
D. Laxatives yang mengandungi garam magnesium.
25. Which epinephrine action is used to treat cardiac arrest? A. Increase speed of conduction and gluconeogenesis. B. Increase heart rate, contractility, and conduction.
C. Increase vasodilation and myocardial contractility. D. Increase heart rate and constricts bronchus.
Manakah tindakan epinephrine yang digunakan untuk merawat cardiac arrest?
A. Meningkat kelajuan konduksi dan glukoneogenesis.
B. Meningkat kadar jantung, kontraktiliti dan konduksi jantung. C. Meningkat vasodilatasi dan kontraktiliti miokardium.
D. Meningkat kadar jantung dan konstriksi bronkus.
26. What is the expected outcome should the nurse observe when administering methylxanthine theophylline?
A. Decreased respiratory rate. B. Increased pulmonary function. C. Increased residual volume. D. Decreased tidal volume.
Apakah hasil jangkaan yang harus jururawat perhatikan semasa pemberian methylxanthine theophylline?
A. Penurunan kadar pernafasan. B. Peningkatan fungsi pulmonari. C. Peningkatan volum residual. D. Penurunan volum tidal.
27. Madam L, is prescribed with Guaifenesin (Mucinex) to ease her expel the phlegm.
Which advice should the nurse give to enhance the effect of this medication? A. Drink extra fluids.
B. Take medication with meals. C. Avoid citrus fruits.
D. Avoid cold drinks.
Puan L telah dipreskrip dengan Guaifenesin (Mucinex) untuk memudahkan beliau mengeluarkan kahak.
Manakah nasihat yang perlu jururawat beri untuk meningkatkan kesan ubat tersebut? A. Minum lebih cecair.
B. Ambil ubat dengan makanan. C. Elakkan buah-buahan sitrus.
Page 12 of 16 D. Elakkan minuman sejuk.
28. You are to administer albuterol (Ventolin HFA) 2 puffs and budesonide (Pulmicort Turbohaler) 2 puffs by metered dose inhaler to a patient.
How would you administer the prescribed medication? A. Alternate with a single puff each, starting with albuterol. B. Alternate with a single puff each, starting with budesonide.
C. Administer two puffs budesonide followed by two puffs albuterol. D.Administer two puffs albuterol followed by two puffs budesonide.
Anda akan memberikan albuterol (Ventolin HFA) 2 puf and budesonide (Pulmicort Turbohaler) 2 puf melalui inhalasi ‘metered dose’ kepada pesakit.
Bagaimanakah anda akan beri pengubatan yang telah dipreskrip? A. Selang-selikan dengan satu puf sekali, bermula dengan albuterol. B. Selang-selikan dengan satu puf sekali, bermula dengan budesonide.
C. Berikan dua puf budesonide dahulu, diikuti dengan dua puf albuterol. D. Berikan dua puf albuterol dahulu, diikuti dengan dua puf budesonide.
29. After receiving several doses of intravenous theophylline, the patient become restless and complains of palpitation. The nurse determines that the patient is experiencing theophylline toxicity.
Which theophylline level most probably experienced by the patient? A. 10mcg/ml
B. 15mcg/ml C. 20mcg/ml D. 25mcg/ml
Setelah menerima beberapa dos intravena theophylline, pesakit menjadi gelisah dan mengadu palpitasi. Jururawat mengesahkan pesakit mengalami toksisiti theophylline.
Apakah paras theophylline berkemungkinan dialami oleh pesakit? A. 10mcg/ml
B. 15mcg/ml C. 20mcg/ml D. 25mcg/ml
30. Which side effect of first generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and hydroxyzine (Atarax) can occur in infants and children?
A. Reye’s syndrome. B. Cholinergic effects.
C. Paradoxical CNS stimulation. D. Nausea and diarrhea.
Manakah kesan sampingan anti-histamin generasi pertama seperti diphenhydramine (Benadryl) dan hydroxyzine (Atarax) berlaku pada bayi dan kanak-kanak?
A. Reye’s syndrome.
B. Kesan kolinergik.
C. Stimulasi paradoksikal CNS.
D. Loya dan diarea.
31. Which medication is included in emergency treatment of a patient with status asthmaticus? A. Inhaled beta-adrenergic agents.
B. Inhaled corticosteroids.
C. Intravenous beta-adrenergic agents. D. Oral corticosteroids.
Manakah ubat berikut termasuk dalam rawatan kecemasan bagi pesakit dengan status
asthmaticus?
A. Inhalasi agen beta-adrenergic. B. Inhalasi kortikosteroid.
C. Intravena agen beta-adrenergic. D. Oral kortikosteroid.
32. A patient with acute asthma is prescribed on short-term corticosteroid therapy.
What is the purpose of short-term corticosteroid therapy in patient with acute asthma? A. Promotes bronchodilation.
B. Acts as an expectorant.
C. Provides anti-inflammatory effects. D. Prevents respiratory infections.
Pesakit dengan asma akut dipreskrip dengan terapi kortikosteroid jangka pendek. Apakah tujuan terapi kortikosteroid jangka pendek bagi pesakit dengan asma akut? A. Menggalakkan bronkodilatasi.
Page 14 of 16 B. Bertindak sebagai ekspektoran.
C. Memberi kesan anti-inflamatori. D. Mengelakkan infeksi respiratori.
33. A laboratory result of a patient with advanced cirrhosis of liver shows that his liver is not tolerating protein well.
Which medication will be prescribed for the patient? A. Lactulose (Chronulac).
B. Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin). C. Folic acid (Folvite).
D. Thiamine (Vitamin B1).
Keputusan makmal seorang pesakit dengan sirosis hepar lanjutan menunjukkan hepar beliau tidak menerima protein dengan baik.
Manakah ubatan yang akan dipreskrip kepada pesakit tersebut? A. Lactulose (Chronulac).
B. Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin). C. Folic acid (Folvite). D. Thiamine (Vitamin B1).
34. Which drug will cause extrapyramidal symptoms? A. Ranitidine.
B. Omeprazole. C. Famotidine. D. Metoclopramide.
Manakah ubatan berikut menyebabkan simptom ekstrapiramidal?
A. Ranitidine.
B. Omeprazole.
C. Famotidine.
D. Metoclopramide.
35. Madam P, a known patient with diabetes mellitus Type 1 exhibits confusion, lightheadedness, and aberrant behaviour.
Which medications should the nurse administer immediately for Madam P? A. Glucagon injection intramuscular.
C. Fast-acting carbohydrate drinks15 to 20 gram. D. Fast-acting insulin 10 units.
Puan P, diketahui menghidapi diabetes mellitus Type 1 telah menunjukkan kekeliruan,
lightheadedness dan berkelakuan luar biasa.
Manakah pengubatan yang perlu jururawat berikan dengan segera kepada Puan P? A. Suntikan glukagon intraotot.
B. Dektrose 50% secara intravena 10 ml bolus.
C. Minuman karbohidrat 15 – 20 gram yang bertindak pantas. D. Insulin fast acting 10 unit.
36. What advice should the nurse give to a patient who is to commence oral Rifampicin (Rifadin)?
A. The medication will cause orange discoloration of urine and faeces. B. Take an additional dose once with skip dose.
C. Discontinue the medication after three months. D. Take the medication with food and antacids.
Apakah nasihat jururawat perlu beri kepada pesakit yang akan mulakan Rifampicin (Rifadin) oral?
A. Ubat ini akan menyebabkan warna oren kepada urin dan feses.
B. Ambil dos tambahan jika terlangkau dos.
C. Hentikan ubatan selepas tiga bulan pengambilan. D. Ambil ubatan dengan makanan dan antasid.
37. A patient with histoplasmosis is prescribed with ketoconazole (Nizoral).
What advice should the nurse give to the patient while taking this medication? A. Take medication on empty stomach.
B. Take medication with antacid. C. Avoid exposure to sunlight.
D. Avoid driving after taking medication.
Pesakit dengan histoplasmosis telah dipreskrip dengan ketoconazole (Nizoral).
Apakah nasihat yang perlu jururawat beri kepada pesakit semasa pengambilan ubat tersebut? A. Ambil ubat semasa perut kosong.
B. Ambil ubat dengan antasid.
C. Elak terdedah kepada cahaya matahari. D. Elak memandu selepas ambil ubat.
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38. Which hormonal agent is used to treat the respective cancer? A. Thyroxine to treat thyroid cancer.
B. ACTH to treat adrenal carcinoma.
C. Estrogen antagonists to treat breast cancer. D. Glucagon to treat pancreatic carcinoma.
Manakah agen hormon berikut digunakan untuk merawat kanser berkaitan? A. Tiroksin untuk merawat kanser tiroid.
B. ACTH untuk merawat karsinoma adrenal.
C. Antagonis estrogen untuk merawat kanser payudara.
D. Glukagon untuk merawat karsinoma pankreas.
39. Ms. J is on Methotrexate as part of her cancer therapy. She is also on Leucovorin (folinic acid; citrovorum factor), a fully activated form of folic acid to prevent harm to normal cells.
Which of the following therapy describes the administration of leucovorin? A. Induction therapy.
B. Consolidation therapy. C. Radiotherapy.
D. Brachytherapy.
40. How does chemotherapy induce vomiting? A. Stimulates the neuroreceptors in the medulla. B. Inhibits the release of catecholamines. C. Induces autonomic instability.
D. Irritates the gastric mucosa.
