i
TEST OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES: ANALYZING
ITS WASHBACK ON TEACHING AND LEARNING
(A Case Study at the Language Center of
Universitas Sebelas Maret)
THESIS
Submitted to Graduate Program of Universitas Sebelas Maret as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Graduate Degree
in English Education
By:
DIDIK TRI WAHYUDI S891602008
GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
ii APPROVAL
TEST OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES: ANALYZING ITS
WASHBACK TOWARD TEACHING AND LEARNING (A CASE STUDY
AT THE LANGUAGE CENTER OF UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET)
DIDIK TRI WAHYUDI
NIM: S891602008
This thesis has been approved by the Consultants of English Education Department of Graduate School of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta in January 2018
Consultant 1,
Dr. SUMARDI, M.Hum. NIP. 19740608 199903 1002
Consultant 2,
Dr. ABDUL ASIB, M.Pd. NIP. 19520307 198003 1005
The Head of English Education Department of Graduate School of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Universitas Sebelas Maret
iii
LEGIMITATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
TEST OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES: ANALYZING ITS
WASHBACK TOWARD TEACHING AND LEARNING (A CASE STUDY
AT THE LANGUAGE CENTER OF UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET)
DIDIK TRI WAHYUDI
NIM: S891602008
This thesis has been approved by the Board of Thesis Examiners of English Education Department of Graduate School of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta on January 2018
Board of Examiners
Signature Chairperson Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.
NIP. 19621231 199803 1009
( ……… )
Secretary Dr. Nur Arifah Drajati, M.Pd. NIP. 19750506 201601 01
( ……… )
Members of Examiners
1. Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum. NIP. 19740608 199903 1002 2. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd.
NIP. 19520307 198003 1005
( ……… )
( ……… )
The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas
Sebelas Maret
Prof. Dr. JOKO NURKAMTO, M.Pd. NIP. 19610124 198702 1001
The Head of English Education Department of Graduate School of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Universitas Sebelas Maret
iv MOTTO
Success
is the right of
everyone.
v
DEDICATION
Thanks God, finally this thesis is accomplished.
This thesis is presented and dedicated to:
1. my beloved father and mother, Wajiran and Sumarpik, who never stop praying for my success and always support me in any conditions;
2. Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP) which has fully funded my master study in Universitas Sebelas Maret;
3. Ikatan Penerima Beasiswa LPDP UNS, my big family in Solo;
vi ABSTRACT
Didik Tri Wahyudi. S891602008. 2018. Test of English for Academic Purposes: Analyzing Its Washback on Teaching and Learning (A Case Study at the Language Center of Universitas Sebelas Maret). First Consultant: Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum., Second Consultant: Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd., Thesis, Surakarta, English Education Department, Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University.
The main objective of the research is to find out what kind of washback does Test of English for Academic Purposes (TEAP) have on (1) teachers’ teaching attitude; and (2) students’ learning attitude and test-preparation strategies.
The design of the research was case study. This research was conducted in TEAP preparation course at the language center of Sebelas Maret University. The participants of this research were 10 teachers (2 males and 8 females) of TEAP preparation course who had more than 5-year experience in teaching. 2 of them were interviewed. The other participants were 72 students (21 males and 51 females). 4 participants were chosen as the interviewees by purposive sampling. They were chosen by their class teacher and the researcher.
The main ways to get the data in this research are the triangulation of questionnaire, interview, and observation. The questionnaires were filled out by 72 students and 10 teachers. The researcher then interviewed 4 students and 2 teachers with the similar questions in questionnaire. Observation was also employed to achieve the trustworthiness of the data, especially for the behavior of the teachers and the students. The data were then analyzed using the flow model of Miles and Hubberman consisting of data collection, data description, data analysis, and conclusion drawing.
Referring to the results of the analyses, it can be concluded that: (1) TEAP
has positive and negative washback on the teachers’ teaching attitude; (2) TEAP has positive and negative washback on the students’ learning attitude; (2) TEAP has positive washback on the students’ test-preparation strategies;
Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that in general TEAP has positive washback on teaching and learning. However, the teachers and students still have anxiety towards the test. To deal with the anxiety, it is recommended to collect the feedbacks from the candidates of the students about TEAP as a way to evaluate the effectiveness of the test that will have positive washback on teaching and learning; and to socialize the importance of TEAP for the students.
vii ABSTRAK
Didik Tri Wahyudi. S891602008. 2018. Test of English for Academic Purposes: Analisis Efek TEAP terhadap Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (Studi Kasus di Pusat Bahasa Universitas Sebelas Maret). Pembimbing I: Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum., Pembimbing II: Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd., Thesis, Surakarta, Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja efek
dari Test of English for Academic Purposes (TEAP) terhadap (1) sikap mengajar
guru dan (1) sikap belajar dan strategi persiapan ujian siswa.
Rancangan penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas persiapan TEAP di pusat bahasa Universitas Sebelas Maret. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 10 guru EAP (2 laki-laki dan 8 perempuan) yang memiliki pengalaman mengajar lebih dari 5 tahun. Peneliti mewawancari 2 guru. Subyek yang lain adalah 72 siswa (21 laki-laki dan 51 perempuan). 4 subyek dipiliah
sebagai narasumber wawancara mengunakan purposive sampling.
Metode utama pemerolehan data dalam penelitian ini adalah triangulasi kuesioner, wawancara, dan observasi. Kuesioner diisi oleh 72 siswa dan 10 guru. Peneliti kemudian mewawancarai 4 siswa dan 2 guru dengan pertanyaan serupa dalam kuesioner. Observasi juga digunakan untuk mencapai kepercayaan data. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan flow model Miles dan Hubberman yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, deskripsi, analisis, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Mengacu pada hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) TEAP berpengaruh positif dan negatif terhadap sikap mengaajar guru; (2) TEAP memiliki efek positif dan negatif terhadap sikap belajar siswa; dan (3) TEAP memiliki efek positif terhadap strategi persiapan tes siswa.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada umumnya TEAP memiliki efek positif pada pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Namun, para guru dan siswa masih memiliki kecemasan terhadap ujian. Untuk mengatasi kecemasan tersebut, disarankan untuk mengumpulkan umpan balik dari calon siswa tentang TEAP sebagai cara untuk mengevaluasi keefektifan tes; dan mensosialisasikan pentingnya TEAP bagi para siswa.
viii
PRONOUNCEMENT
I would like to certify that the thesis entitled TEST OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES: ANALYZING ITS WASHBACK ON TEACHING AND
LEARNING (A CASE STUDY AT THE LANGUAGE CENTER OF UNIVERSITAS
SEBELAS MARET) is really my own work. It is a plagiarism or is made by others.
Everything related to others’ works are written in quotation, the sources of which
are listed on the bibliography.
If then, this pronouncement proves wrong; I am ready to receive any academic punishment.
Surakarta, January 2018
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful
Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my first consultant, Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum., for the continuous support of my master study and related research, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. My sincere gratitude is also addressed to Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. I could not have imagined having a better consultants and mentors for my master study.
Besides my advisors, I would like to thank the thesis committee for their insightful comments and encouragement, but also for the hard question which incented me to widen my research from various perspectives.
My sincere thanks also go to the Language Center of Universitas Sebelas Maret which provided me an opportunity to conduct the research. Without their precious support, it would not be possible to conduct this research. In particular, I am grateful to Ms. Nunung and TEAP tutors who have been really supportive.
The writer realizes that this thesis needs constructive suggestion for the betterment of the next study. Hopefully, this thesis can be beneficial for everyone who is concerned with this research.
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ... i
APPROVAL PAGE ...ii
LEGITIMATION PAGE ... iii
MOTTO ... iv
LIST OF TABLES ...xii
LIST OF FIGURES ... xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES ... xiv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Statements of the Problem ... 5
C. Objectives of the Study ... 5
D. Significance of the Study... 5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ... 7
A. Washback ... 7
1. The Concept of Washback ... 7
2. Positive Washback ... 12
3. Negative Washback... 14
B. Test of English for Academic Purposes (TEAP) ... 15
C. Attitude ... 17
D. Test-Preparation Strategies ... 18
E. Related Studies... 20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 27
xi
B. Research Design ... 29
C. Sources of Data ... 30
D. Data Collection Techniques ... 31
E. Trustworthiness ... 32
F. Data Analysis ... 33
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 36
A. Research Findings ... 36
1. The washback of TEAP towards teachers’ teaching attitude ... 36
a. Questionnaire ... 36
b. Interview ... 38
c. Observation ... 46
2. The washback of TEAP towards students’ learning attitude and test-preparation strategies ... 49
a. The washback of TEAP towards students’ learning attitude ... 49
1) Questionnaire ... 49
2) Interview ... 51
3) Observation ... 60
b. The washback of TEAP towards students’ test-preparation strategies 61 1) Questionnaire ... 61
2) Interview ... 63
B. Discussions ... 69
1. The washback of TEAP towards teachers’ teaching attitude ... 69
2. The washback of TEAP towards students’ learning attitude and test-preparation strategies ... 72
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS . 78 A. Conclusions ... 78
B. Implications ... 80
C. Suggestions ... 81
REFERENCES ... 83
xii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Summary of Positive Washback by Yi-Ching ... 12
Table 2.2. Summary of Negative Washback by Yi-Ching ... 14
Table 3.1. Schedule of the Research ... 28
Table 3.2. Data Collecting Mapping ... 32
Table 4.1. The Results of the Questionnaire about the Washback of TEAP on the Teachers’ Teaching Attitude ... 37
Table 4.2. The Results of the Questionnaire about the Washback of TEAP on the Students’ Learning Attitude ... 50
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Blueprint of the Questionnaire for Teachers ... 86
Appendix 2 Blueprint of the Questionnaire for Students ... 87
Appendix 3 Interview Guide (Teachers) ... 89
Appendix 4 Interview Guide (Students) ... 90
Appendix 5 The Result of the Questionnaire (Teachers) ... 91
Appendix 6 The Result of the Questionnaire (Students) ... 92
Appendix 7 Data Reduction (Teachers) ... 96
Appendix 8 Data Reduction (Students) ... 101
Appendix 9 Documentation ... 111
