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CHAPTER IV
HAMKA’S VIEW ON MAGIC
A. Hamka’s View on The Meaning of Magic
According to Hamka, that Qur’an mentions about magic in chapter al-Falaq verses 1-5. From the evil of His creatures,
And from the evil of the night when it was pitch black, And from the evil sorcerer women who blow on knots-knot. And from the evil of the envious when he envy”. (QS. 113: 1-5)
According to Hamka this verse explains, Allah is our shelter. The Prophet and we all ordered the God to take refuge with Allah. The power of God is that Allah creates and makes the atmosphere weather dawn. That is when the separation between the dark nights with the start of dawn today will be the day. We are told to protect themselves, invoking protection and sheltered to Allah that controlled the weather that day. Take refuge to Allah so that regardless of all the dangers that existed before us, which we ourselves do not know.
All of this being is God who created it, well the sky with all the Sun, Moon and stars, down to the clouds which marched. Or the Earth with all its inhabitants, sea and land and mountains. Everything is a creation of God while we humans are just one little creature that live in it. And everything that has made God it could be harmful to humans, although a superficial look does nothing.
When the Sun has set and the night has come and the dark of night replaces the changing atmosphere and various hazards can occur. As in modern life in the big cities that are more insidious dangers of the night, someone who drowned with lust, that is no longer demanding the sanctity of life and in the evening goes to places and do immoral things forbidden by God Almighty, therefore, we humans are required as well as told to always take refuge to Allah from all danger of evil night.
According to Hamka, this verse describes the danger and evil sorcerers spell. All kinds of spells or magic that used to hurt or harm others. There is an act in witchcraft and spells are called TUJU meaning shows memory, mind and all forces to certain people, show the power of the spiritual against others with malice, so a long way though the former would cause to others and this verse we are told to seek refuge from the evils of atmospheric knot-knots women, because in ancient sorcerer most of women.
and preserved from blowing sorcerer male or female by using knot-knot magic potions.
In fact envy is a disease that afflicts the soul of a person, or the loss of sanity of mind (abnormal), his/her hurt seing grace that blessing by Allah SWT to someone even though himself/herself was not harmed by the granting of Allah SWT. Because of that hatred is a disease or loss of sanity of mind, then with the spiteful attitude a person capable of acting and being a bad thing thing to someone in spiteful, an example of someone in the slander on charges of stealing, but do not steal or a woman accused of treason against her husband, but his wife is a good wife.1 Based on the difference opinion about the meaning and purpose of the magic above indeed have different languages to reveal. However, all these opinions lead to the intent and purpose. Based on the verse explains, the meaning of magic according to Hamka contained in QS al-Falaq verse 4.
“And from the evil sorcerer women who blow on knots-knot.”
(QS. 113: 4)
That magic shows the meaning of memory, thought and all the power to certain people, show the inner strength against human with malicious intent. Although it’s far a way will trace to humans.2
1
Syeikh Abdul Malik bin Abdul Karim Amrullah (HAMKA), Tafsir al-Azhar, Juz XXX, (Jakarta:Panjimas, 1982), p, 310-312.
Based on the opinion and Hamka explains, the author concludes the magic is everything related to the words and actions undertaken by witches that are smooth, soft, hidden, and vague that contain elements of fraud committed through the intentions of evil with intermediaries demons through the amulet, spells -mantra, and vows with the sole purpose of hurting others. B. Hamka View on Nature or Existence of Magic.
Magic is a miraculous deed done by charm and magical powers (witchcraft, spells or incantations) that used for specific purposes, such as the antidote and harm to other people. Because of that magic could impact diverse as illness, death, effeminacy, lust and passion divorce and From the evil of His creatures,
And from the evil of the night when it was pitch black, And from the evil sorcerer women who blow on knots-knot. And from the evil of the envious when he envy”. (QS. 113: 1-5)
According to Hamka, the point of existence or nature of magic is located in the QS al-Falaq verse 4:
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Humain: Sihir Dalam Pandangan al-Qur’an (Jurnal Ushuluddin) Vol. xxi no 1. Januari
And from the evil sorcerer women who blow on knots-knot. (QS. 113: 4).
This verse describes the danger and evil sorcerers. All kinds of spells or magic that used to hurt or harm others.
The meaning by sorcerer women, according to Hamka is the persuasion and seduction of women, so the man who has strong willpower becomes weak, and intentions and plans are swapped, so how much of a man defenses to collapse because of seduction, seduction and a smile of women.4 Allah said in the QS Yusuf verse 28.
“Your tricks are really great”. (QS. 12: 28)
Based on the above verse that the existence of magic that exists and can be understood in terms of the impact caused of their magic, among others, was able to separate between the husband and wife who are married, and hurting between fellow human beings.
Then, in a another verse, the nature or existence of magic is located on the QS al-Baqarah 102:
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(doing magic). Their teaching men magic and what was revealed to the two angels in Babel, Harut and Marut, are they not teach (a) without saying: "We just try (to you), so do not disbelieve". They learned from the angels that by which they cause division between man (husband) and his wife. and they (witches) can not hurt with it any one except with Allah's permission. and they learn something that does not harm him and could not benefit. In order, they are convinced that the buyers of (Allah) with magic would have no share in the Hereafter, and an evil thing they sell their souls, if they
were acquainted”.( QS. 2: 102).
In Europe the necromancer is represented by a toothless old woman and have spooky look. It is in this verse that the women that blew a necromancer and knot-knot goods herb wrapped with cords tied to the knot-knot whose contents are the things that are filthy, therefore when one's soul is weak and not take refuge to Allah SWT from all kinds of magic, someone could be easily exposed to all sorts of magic even to cause death, in this verse is that someone who has been a rock solid belief in Allah SWT will not be easily affected by magic, Therefore, we humans are prosecuted and told to always take refuge to Allah SWT who made everything in order to ordain and human maintained and preserved from blowing sorcerer male or female by using knot-knot magic potions.5
For all the magic is about to harm others, or want to oppose the rule of Allah SWT which has been in effect, about to divorce people. Interlocking captivates the female person, about to harm others.6
Based on the verse explains that witchcraft and spells, shamans, have the meanings that show memories, thoughts and all the powers to certain people, show the inner strength against that person with malicious intent to him, so although it is far away will leave their mark as well as to the person's self.7
According to Hamka, contained the Qur’an about magic that occurs in the prophets, namely:
5
Syeikh Abdul Malik bin Abdul Karim Amrullah (HAMKA), Tafsir al-Azhar, Juz XXX,, (Jakarta:Panjimas, 1982), p. 310-312.
6
Ibid., p. 264. 7
a. Magic at the time of the Prophet Sulaiman as contained in the QS. al-(doing magic). Their teaching men magic and what was revealed to the two angels in Babel, Harut and Marut, are they not teach (a) without saying: "We just try (to you), so do not disbelieve". They learned from the angels that by which they cause division between man (husband) and his wife. and they (witches) can not hurt with it any one except with Allah's permission. and they learn something that does not harm him and could not benefit. In order, they are convinced that the buyers of (Allah) with magic would have no share in the Hereafter, and an evil thing they sell their souls, if they were
“And they follow that which the devils in the reign of Sulaiman
(Solomon, and they said that it was doing magic), but Solomon did not disbelieve (Not doing magic), only the devils who disbelieved (doing magic). (QS. 2: 102)
According to Hamka, this verse explains that devil in this verse is not only the devil, but the human who has a rough character and make various lies, especially against the sanctity of the prophet, then Hamka also explained that the Jews accused the prophet Sulaiman infidels, In fact those who disbelieve (Syetan) who teach magic to the people who are in Babylon, and they (the Jews) said that the magic is an heirloom of the prophet Sulaiman. According to Zuhaili's revelation, this verse explains the Jews accused Prophet Sulaiman of teaching witchcraft and said "this is the science of Solomon and the kingdom of Solomon was founded by magic." Then Allah swt denied this accusation and declared that Sulaiman did not do that and Sulaiman did not Teaches of magic, but a pagan slander that teaches magic to mankind in order to bring harm and misleading.8 According to al-Maraghi, this verse describes the charge against the prophet Sulaiman in obtaining magic through magic, as well as magic initially taught by two angels Harut and Marut. This is because the people at the time of the prophet Sulaiman thought that what is obtained is the result of magic, but what is given by Allah is a miracle.9
8
Wahbah az-Zuhaili, Tafsir al-Munir, jilid 1, (Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2013), p. 196. 9
Then, Hamka explains, They say that the Prophet Sulaiman has a lot of magic. Kingdom keeps up the power of magic: they teach sorcery to mankind and what was revealed to the two angels in Babel Harut and Marut ". The devil, the men of devils that teach magic to the people and say that the magic that is the inheritance of the Prophet Sulaiman. Prophet Sulaiman saves a wide range of magic under the edifice of his Kingdom. This is the stories the devil-syaitan the creator of hoax that received their hereditary to accuse the Prophet Sulaiman had aposted.
According to some theologians, Qira'at Malakainii, two angels, interpret that indeed the two angels who came down from heaven and warn everyone that wants to learn magic, that we teach magic is used to do a bad thing, for we came as an experiment as well as the test for you, this is mentioned in the verse: "advanced are either not teach anything to anyone before telling Behold, we are just trials shall therefore take no infidels ". Then the learn from both the Angel with the magic, then they can divorce between a husband and his wife.
it. Such as a dangerous magic that is makes the husband and wife divorced
“Pharaoh replied: "If you really bring something evidence, then bring us proof that if (true) you included people who really". So Moses dropped his sticks, and instantly it became a serpent truth. And he put out his hand, then when it's also hand it becomes luminous (visible) by those who see it. The leaders of the Pharaoh said: "This is a knowing wizard, that intend going to eject you from your homes". (Pharaoh said): "So What do you recommend?". (QS. 7: 106-110)
giidroccA to Hamka, this verses explains, if the last thee thou hast
said that the Messenger of Allah, if you can show the verse or proof, try sign or try to prove it, I want to see. He show proof that indeed he is the Apostle of God, hath he thrown sticks were transformed into snakes. Called a real snake, meaning that it is not just a superficial point of view because it is similar to snake, but snake really. Pharaoh amazed and those that present magnitude. After that he took the snakes
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Syaikh Abdul Malik Bin Abdul Karim Amrullah (Hamka), Juz I, Tafsir al-Azhar
and back to its original, wooden sticks. The Pharaoh and those great peoples were astonished and fascinated. He also developed his hands.
“(Remember) when Allah says: "O Jesus son of Mary, remember My blessing to you and to your mother when I reinforced you with the Spirit Qudus, you can talk to people at the time was still in the cradle and when mature; and (remember) in when I taught you the Book and wisdom, the Torah and the gospel, and (remember anyway) when you are forming on the ground (a form) in the form of a bird with permission from me, then you blow him, then shape it into a bird (actual) with my permission, and (remember) when you healed the blind man in the womb and leprosy with my permission from, and (remember) when you remove the dead from the grave (come alive) with permission from me, and (remember) when I dissuade the Israelites (from their desire to kill you) when you tell them the real information, and the unbelievers among them said: "this is nothing but obvious magic". (QS. 5: 110)
According to Hamka, this verse explains, that here God continues to give to the Christ, remember that after all the Miracle that he show, which took place with the permission of God, then the infidels who do not want to believe from the children of Israel, from the infidels who do not want to accept that it was a miracle but just alleges that everything that is just real magic, obviously his magic. Because it's not just that they have reneged on the birth of Christ as a statement of the power of God gave birth to a human being is not according to the usual way, even after he became an adult, of the Apostles, the miracle that he pointed out with the support of God-ever they allege magic. Then because they allege he was a sorcerer is great, they were about to slay him, but their efforts have been hampered by God. Jesus Christ saved by God as was mentioned in the verse of Ali-Imran and verse of An-Nisaa’.12
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Syaikh Abdul Malik bin Abdul Amrullah (Hamka), Juz VII, Tafsir al-Azhar,
d. Magic at the time of the prophet Muhammad SAW contained in the
“And (remember) when Isa Ibn Maryam said: "O Children of Israel! I am the messenger of Allah unto you, confirming that before me, it is the law, and give khabar happy with (the coming of) a Messenger to come, after me, whose name is Ahmad (Muhammad) "So, when their Messengers came to them with the evidence, they said:" this is the real magic ". (QS. 61: 6)
According to Hamka this verse explains that they do not want to receive any information and explanations of both the Prophet Muhammad even though delivered with sufficient reason, even to interpret them. This is all they've started since they saw that the movement of the Islamic prophet Muhammad more advanced and successful, that since the time of the rise of islam, they do not want to know and they don't want to accept, and if they start shifting, they allege it was real magic.
Prophet Muhammad. Because this verse was revealed in Medina and opponents of harsh on him after he went it was Jews who generally is the children of Israel. They allege that the call of the Prophet Muhammad that was tantamount to magic. At first they were welcoming the Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina with his best, to make a peace agreement.13
Another example related to the existence of Magic according to Hamka is when Hamka told a story about magic experiment that happened to his Father’s marriage (Haji Rasul) with his first wife Raihanah and second wife Safiyah as follows:
When he (Haji Rasul) with the first wife Raihanah, he got magical experiment, a headman in Tanjung Sani has proposed a girl but rejected and finds out Haji Rasul propose accepted. Then in marriage period when he see his wife, his wife smell like rotten (egg), after being cured and heal, the next day Haji Rasul got magical experiment, he become “unah” not
able to have intercourse, and it’s really hard to heal. And after he get back secondly from Mecca, Haji rasul married to Safiyah, who also got magical experiment, so that grow a big abscess on his neck, because of that magical experiment, Haji Rasul also affected. Because of that he goes to Maghribi to learn all of about magic like reading material and spells.14
13
Syaikh Abdul Malik bin Abdul Amrullah (Hamka), juz XXVIII, Tafsir al-Azhar,
(Jakarta:Pustaka Panjimas, 1985), e. 178.
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Hamka, Ayahku, Riwayat Hidup Dr. Abdul Karim Amrullah dan Perjuangan Kaum
Then, another example about the nature or existence of magic in the modern era, someone meets other people and he unconsciously obey all the wishes request, after showing a kind of red thread. Then he asks valuable goods and the owner shows the location of the item and gives it to the person. Then after the victim went conscious and then he can scream. It is also the reality that there is magic even used to use the tool in the form of thread that is shown by the magician with the people affected by magic.
So, based on the opinion and Hamka explains, the author concludes, the characteristic or existence of magic is real in human life, even been around since the days of the Prophet who has been told in the Qur’an as Sulaiman in QS AlBaqarah verse 102, the prophet Musa in the QS Al -A'raf 106-110, Prophet Isa in the QS Al-Maidah verse 110 and at the time of Rasulullah SAW in the QS Ash-Shaff verse 6 and until now.
C. Hamka’s view on Impact of Magic.
Magic is a miraculous deed done with charm and magical powers (witchcraft, spells or incantations) are used for specific purposes, such as the antidote and harm to other people. Because of that magic could impact diverse as illness, death, effeminacy, lust and passion divorce and infidelity. 15 As has been stated above that the scholarly forbid studying magic and teach for the sake of closing the danger more. Then who studies it possible he used to disturb others, or to be harmful to society.
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Among the impacts or the spell is often used to pull apart two couples (between husband and wife, between friends, between two alliances, between the two parties, between the two camps, etc.). This was done with the intent to eliminate the feeling of love, a sense of family and friendship of each person. Then cultivate hatred, hostility, mutual suspect and others, so that in the end they parted (divorced). Another impact of magis is can relieve (feeling) and unplug the brain sanity or reason, in addition to disseminating the various physical and psychological illnesses (psychiatric), deceitful and often threaten the security of the possessions of others. 16 Then, the impact or influence of magic in the Qur'an contained in the QS Al-Baqarah verse 102, in paragraph pieces…
"They can divorce between a (husband) with his wife". (QS. 2: 102).
According to Hamka, this verse explains the impact or influence of magic is harm others, or want to oppose the rule of Allah SWT which has been in effect, about to divorce people interlocking captivates the female person, about to harm others.17
. Then thci verse also explains that the riot that happen in babil country teach magic, especially magic that trigger hates between husband and wife so than they are argue each other and finally ended with divorce.
16
Abdul Khaliq Al-Aththar, Op.,Cit., p. 144. 17
Another example is when Hamka told a story about magic experiment that happened to his Father’s marriage (Haji Rasul) with his first wife
Raihanah and second wife Safiyah as follows:
When he (Haji Rasul) with the first wife Raihanah, he got magical experiment, a headman in Tanjung Sani has proposed a girl but rejected and finds out Haji Rasul propose accepted. Then in marriage period when he see his wife, his wife smell like rotten (egg), after being cured and heal, the next day Haji Rasul got magical experiment, he become “unah” not
able to have intercourse, and it’s really hard to heal. And after he get back secondly from Mecca, Haji rasul married to Safiyah, who also got magical experiment, so that grow a big abscess on his neck, because of that magical experiment, Haji Rasul also affected. Because of that he goes to Maghribi to learn all of about magic like reading material and spells.18 This story explains that magic have a negative impact, such as makes a husband and wife can’t intercourse and used to hurt or harm others, and about to divorce people and then this story also indicates that magic has a influence or impact in human life.
Then, Hamka said that Qur’an mentions about impact of magic in the QS Al-Falaq verses 4.
“And from the evil sorcerer women who blow on knots-knot”. (QS. 113: 4).
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Hamka, Ayahku, Riwayat Hidup Dr. Abdul Karim Amrullah dan Perjuangan Kaum
According to Hamka, this verse describes the danger and evil sorcerers. All kinds of spells or magic that used to hurt or harm others.
In QS al-Baqarah verse 102, Harut and Marut explained that in the land of Babel teaches magic, especially witchcraft how to engender hatred between husband and wife so that divorce, in this paragraph reflected that intention of magic could be successful, but in the middle of verse written:
Therefore, we humans are prosecuted and told to always take refuge to Allah SWT who made everything in order to ordain and human maintained and preserved from blowing sorcerer male or female by using knot-knot magic potions.19
Then, according to Hamka that learning magic is not good and will bring any danger to self learn. And then according to Hamka about magic, the magic has an influence in people's lives. Witchcraft is hidden form of action that will give effect to the body, mind and heart of a person with the help of good spirits through incantations, ties knots that result in damage to the body, mind and heart of a person. Based on the verse explains that witchcraft and spells, shamans, have the meanings that magic show the meaning of memory, thought and all the power to certain people, show the inner strength against human with malicious intent. Although it’s far away, magic will trace humans. According to Hamka, the impact of magic is about to harm others, or want to oppose the rule of Allah SWT which has
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been in effect, about to divorce people. Interlocking captivates the female person, about to harm others. Then, the impact of magic also excepted by humans, physical and spiritual, example: Magic effects in the physical and spiritual of human, Magic is a psychological feeling or psychological magic that affects the victim for causing the behavior, attitude or excessive expression of feelings that cause stress and depression in victims. Like love or hate someone. Magic is the magic power of magic that affects the physical and psychological strength of the victim to have an energy outside of normal humans. Such as: punch distance, invulnerable various weapons, fire, water resistant, lost from the eyes, the view through walls. Magic eye that affects consciousness ci effects the minds awareness to reverse or deceive the eye. Such as: Enchanter insert the nail of the nose right out of the left nostril. Magic disturbance body part is the magic that affects the central nervous system to create disharmony organs of the victim's body motion. Such as the hand or foot to move itself, the victim becomes insane. Magic disease is the magic that disrupt the body's mechanisms to damage organs in the body and plug the victim's blood circulation. As is often pain, abdominal pain without medical cause, dysentery. Magic divorce or hostility is the magic that affects the psychological and emotional casualties cause anger and hatred to someone the victim. Such as: husband and wife, who often quarrel continues, sister uncomfortable with the presence of his brother.20
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Then, Hamka explains how to escape or avoid the danger or impact of magic among others is always remember Allah SWT (dzikir) and also read the Qur’an al-Falaq, because in this letter we are enjoined for the protection and shelter of Allah SWT from the impact of magic and we are also take refuge Allah SWT who controlled the dawn weather because of the possible dangers contained from the transition of the night and day, because Allah SWT is the most caring and protective. 21
Allah SWT said in the QS Ali Imran 173 in paragraph pieces...
“Allah is enough to be our protector and Allah is as good as a
protector”. (QS. 3: 173)
Based on the opinion and Hamka’s explains the author concludes the impact of magic can be grouped into two sections. First, the impact of magic against physical or limbs, among others, the magic is capable of causing the sick even to death, or the magic also able to separate between husband and wife. Second, the impact of magic against spiritual, among others, magic is able to eliminate the sense of love, a sense of family, a sense of friendship and revoke sanity or sense a person's brain.
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