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DAN PATI KEN TAN G SEBAGAI BAH AN
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FAKULTAS FARM ASI UNIVEFSTTAS AIRLANGGA
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EMMY CHOL I DA
PERBANDI NGAN EF EKT I VI T AS PATI KET AN DAN PAT I KENT ANG SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGI KAT PADA PEMBUAT AN T A8 L ET S UL F ADI AZ I N SECARA
GRANUL ASI BASAH
F AKUL T AS F ARMASI UNI VERSI T AS AI RL ANGGA
PER8ANDI NGAN EF EKT I VI T AS PATI KET AN DAN PATI KENT ANG SE8 AGAI BAHAN PENGI KAT PADA PEM8 UAT AN T A8 L ET SUL F ADI AZ I N SECARA
GRANUL ASI BASAH
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DI BUAT UNT UK MEMENUHI SYARAT MENCAPAI GEL AR SARJ ANA F ARMASI PADA F AKUL T AS F ARMASI
UNI VERSI T AS AI RL ANGGA 1 9 8 9
OL EH : EMMY CHOL I DA
0 5 8 4 1 0 6 4 5
DI SET UJ UI OL EH PEM8 I M8 I NG
KAT A PENGANT AR
Sy u k u r Al h a md u l i l l a h Ka mi p a n j i a t k a n k e h a d i r a t Al l a h SWT v a n g t e l a h me l i mp a h k a n t a u f i k d a n h i d a y a h - Ny a s e r t a me mb e r i k e k u a t a n k e p a d a p e n y u s u n s e h i n g g a p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i d a p a t s e l e s a i .
Pe n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i me r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k me n c a p a i g e l a r s a r j a n a f a r ma s i d i F a k u l t a s F a r ma s i Un i v e r s i t a s A i r l a n g g a .
Pa d a k e s e mp a t a n i n i p e n y u s u n i n g i n me n y a mp a i k a n r a s a t e r i ma k a s i h d a n p e n g h a r g a a n y a n g s e t i n g g i - t i n g g i n y a k e p a d a
- Al ma ma t e r Un i v e r s i t a s Ai r l a n g g a , k h u s u s n y a F a k u l t a s F a r ma s i y a n g t e l a h me mb e r i k a n f a s i l i t a s k e p a d a p e n y u s u n s e l a ma p e n y u s u n me n u n t u t i l mu p e n g e t a h u a n . - Ke p a l a L a b o r a t o r i u m T e k n o l o g i F a r ma s i , p a r a d o s e n
p e mb i mb i n g s k r i p s i d a n d o s e n - d o s e n F a k u l t a s F a r ma s i Un i v e r s i t a s Ai r l a n g g a y a n g d e n g a n i k h l a s t e l a h me mb e r i k a n b i mb i n g a n s e r t a d o r o n g a n mo r i l s e h i n g g a s k r i p s i i n i d a p a t s e l e s a i .
- Pa n i t i a s k r i p s i F a k u l t a s F a r ma s i Un i v e r s i t a s Ai r l a n g g a y a n g t e l a h me mb e r i k a n p e n g a r a h a n d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i .
- Pa r a k a r y a wa n L a b o r at o r i u m T e k n o l o g i F a r ma s i d a n s e mu a p i h a k y a n g t e l a h me mb a n t u s e c a r a l a n g s u n g ma u p u n t i d a k l a n g s u n g s e h i n g g a p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i d a p a t s e l e s a i .
Ak h i r n y a p e n y u s u n p e r s e mb a h k a n s k r i p s i i n i k e p a d a a l ma ma t e r F a k u l t a s F a r ma s i Un i v e r s i t a s Ai r l a n g g a y a n g t e r c i n t a d e n g a n h a r a p a n s e mo g a d a p a t b e r ma n f a a t b a g i p e n e l i t i a n s e l a n j u t n y a d a n b a g i p i h a k - p i h a k l a i n y a n g me me r l u k a n .
Se mo g a a ma l a n d a r i p i h a k - p i h a k y a n g me mb a n t u p e n y e l e s a i a n s k r i p s i i n i d a p a t d i t e r i ma - Ny a d a n me n d a p a t i mb a l a n y a n g s e t i mp a l .
Su r a b a y a , J u n i 1 9 8 9
DAF T AR I SI
Ha l a ma n KAT A PENGANT AR . . . i i DAF T AR I SI . . . i v DAF T AR T A8 EL . . . . . . v i i DAF T AR L AMPI RAN . . . v i i i BAB :
I . PENDAHUL UAN . . . 1
I I . T I NJ AUAN PUST AKA . . . 5
1. Ti n . j a u a n T e n t a n g T a b l e t . . . 5
1 . 1 . De f i n a s i . . . 5
1 . 2 . Ko mp o s i s i T a b l e t . . . 5
1 . 3 . Ba h a n Pe n g i k a t T a b l e t . . . 6
1 . 3 . 1 . Pa t i Se b a g a i Ba h a n Pe n g i k a t T a b l e t . . . 9
1 . 3 . 2 . Pa t i Ke t a n . . . 1 0 1 . 3 . 3 . Pa t i Ke n t a n g . . . 11
2. T i n j a u a n T e n t a n g Gr a n u l a s i d a n Ka r a k t e r i s -t i k Gr a n u l . . . 11
2 . 1 . Gr a n u l a s i . . . 11
2 . 2 . Me k a n i s me Pe n g i k a t a n Pa d a Pe mb e n t u k ~ a n Gr a n u l . . . 14
2 . 3 . Ka r a k t e r i s t i k Gr a n u l . . . 15
3. T i n j a u a n Kwa l i t a s F i s i k T a b l e t . . . 17
3 . 1 . Ke s e r a g a ma n Bo b o t T a b l e t . . . 17
3 . 2 . Ke s e r a g a ma n Uk u r a n T a b l e t . . . 17
3 . 4 . Ke r a p u h a n T a b l e t . . . 18 3 . 5 . Wa k t u Ha n c u r T a b l e t . . . 19 4. T i n j a u a n T e n t a n g Su l f a d i a z i n d a n T a b l e t
Su l f a d i a z i n . . . . 2 0 4 . 1 . Su l f a d i a z i n . . . 2 0 4 . 1 . 1 . Ru mu s Ki mi a . . . 2 0 4 . 1 . 2 . Si f a t - s i f a t F i s i k a . . . 21 4 . 1 . 3 . F a r ma k o l o g i d a n Do s i s . . . 2 1 4 . 2 . T a b l e t Su l f a d i a z i n . . . 22 I I I . BAHAN, AL AT , DAN MET ODE PENEL I T I AN . . . 2 3
1. 8 a h a n . . . 2 3 2. Al a t . . . 2 3 3. Me t o d e Pe r c o b a a n . . . 2 4 3 . 1 . Pe mb u a t a n Pa t i Ke t a n . . . 2 4 3 . 2 . Pe me r i k s a a n Ku a l i t a t i f Ba h a n - b a h a n
Ba k u . . . 2 4 3 . 2 . 1 . Su I f ar t i * ✓ i. n . . . 24 3 . 2 . 2 . Pa t i Ke t a n . . . 2 5 3 . 2 . 3 . Pa t i Ke n t a n g . . . 2 6 3 . 2 . 4 . Sa k a r u m L a k t i s . . . 2 6 3 . 2 . 5 . Ma g n e s i u m St e a r a t . . . 2 7 3 . 2 . 6 . Av i c e l PH 101. . . 2 8 3 . 3 . F o r mu l a s i . . . 2 8 3 . 4 . Pe mb u a t a n L a r u t a n Pe n g i k a t . . . 3 1 3 . 5 . Pr o s e s Pe mb u a t a n T a b l e t . . . 3 1 3 . 6 . Pe me r i k s a a n Gr a n u l . . . 3 2
Me n g u k u r Su d u t Di a m . . . 3 2 3 . 6 . 2 . Pe me r i k s a a n Bo b o t J e n i s . . . 34 3 . 6 . 3 . Ko mp r e s i b i l i t a s . . . 3 5 3 . 6 . 4 . Pe n e t a p a n Ka d a r Ai r Da l a m Gr a
n u l . . . 3 5 3 . 7 . Pe n g u j i a n Ef e k t i v i t a s Pe n g i k a t . . . 3 6
, 3 . 7. 1. Pe me r i k s a a n Ke k e r a s a n T a b l e t 3 6 3 . 7 . 2 . Pe me r i k s a a n Ke r a p u h a n T a b l e t 3 6 3 . 8 . Pe n g u j i a n Mu t u T a b l e t . . . 3 7 3 . 8 . 1 . Pe me r i k s a a n Wa k t u Ha n c u r T a b l e t 37 3 . 8 . 2 . Pe me r i k s a a n Ke s e r a g a ma n Bo b o t 3 8 3 . 8 . 3 . Pe me r i k s a a n Uk u r a n T a b l e t . . . 38 4. An a l i s a Da t a . . . 3 9 I V. HASI L PENEL I T I AN . . . 43
8 AB I PENDAHUL UAN
Se d i a a n t a b l e t me r u p a k a n b e n t u k s e d l a a n o r a l y a n g b a n y a k d i g u n a k a n d a n d i k e n a l o l e h ma s y a r a k a t s a a t i n i .
Ha l i n i d i k a r e n a k a n t a b l e t me mp u n y a i b a n y a k k e u n t u n g a n a n t a r a l a i n : k e t e p a t a n p e mb a g i a n t a k a r a n , k e t a h a n a n s i f a t f i s i k a k i mi a , k e mu d a h a n p e ma k a i a n , d a n k e mu d a h a n p e n g a n g k u t a n . Ol e h k a r e n a i t u p e n e l i t i a n me n g e n a i t a b l e t b a n y a k d i l a k u k a n , b a i k me n g e n a i b a h a n p e n y u s u n a n n y a ma u p u n t e h n i k p e mb u a t a n t a b l e t u n t u k me n d a p a t k a n t a b l e t y a n g b a i k . ( 3, 16, 2 5 )
Pa d a u mu mn y a t a b l e t b e r i s i b a h a n o b a t b e r k h a s i a t d a n b a h a n - b a h a n p e mb a n t u y a i t u b a h a n p e n g i s i , b a h a n p e n g i k a t , b a h a n p e n g h a n c u r , b a h a n p e l i n c i r d a n b a h a n p e mb a n t u l a i n n y a . Ba h a n p e mb a n t u i n i d i g u n a k a n u n t u k me mb e n t u k t a b l e t s e h i n g g a k e s e r a g a ma n b o b o t b e n t u k d a n r u p a s e s u a i y a n g d i k e h e n d a k i . ( 8, 13, 16, 1 7)
Pa d a d a s a r n y a p e mb u a t a n t a b l e t d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n me t o d e g r a n u l a s i b a s a h , g r a n u l a s i k e r i n g a t a u c e t a k l a n g s u n g . ( 3, 8, 13, 1 7 ) . Sa mp a i s e k a r a n g me t o d e g r a n u l a s i b a s a h ma s i h s er i ng. d i g u n a k a n , t e r u t a ma u n t u k b a h a n - b a h a n y a n g t i d a k d a p a t me n g a l i r d e n g a n b a i k , b a h a n - b a h a n y a n g k o mp r e s i b i l i t a s n y a j e l e k d a n b a h a n - b a h a n y a n g b e r a t j e n i s n y a r i n g a n .
p a r t i k e l - p a r t i k e l me n j a d i g r a n u l d a n g r a n u l me n j a d i t a b l e t y a n g k o mp a k . ( 2 1 ) . Ba h a n p e n g i k a t b i a s a n y a d i g u n a k a n d a l a m b e n t u k l a r u t a n a t a u d a l a m b e n t u k k e r i n g y a n g k e mu d i a n d i b a s a h i d e n g a n a i r , a l k o h o l , c a mp u r a n a i r - a l k o h o l a t a u p e l a r u t l a i n n y a . Ba h a n p e n g i k a t d a l a m b e n t u k l a r u t a n me mp u n y a i e f e k t i v i t a s d a y a i k a t l e b i h b a i k d a r i p a d a b e n t u k k e r i n g n y a . ( 13, 16)
J e n i s d a n . j uml ah b a h a n p e n g i k a t y a n g d i g u n a k a n d a l a m s u a t u f o r mu l a t a b l e t d a p a t me mp e n g a r u h i k e t a h a n a n me k a n i k s e r t a wa k t u h a n c u r n y a . ( 1 6 )
Di a n t a r a z a t - z a t y a n g d a p a t d i p e r g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n p e n g i k a t a d a l a h g o l o n g a n p a t i s e b a g a i l a r u t a n ( mu s i l a g o ) 2 - 1 0 %. ( 1 8 ) . Pa t i y a n g s e r i n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h p a t i j a g u n g , p a t i b e r a s , p a t i s i n g k o n g , p a t i g a n d u m d a n p a t i k e n t a n g . Pa t i k e n t a n g , p a t i j a g u n g d a n p a t i g a n d u m r e s mi t e r c a n t u m d a l a m Br i t i s h Ph a r ma c o p o e i a Co d e x . F a r ma k o p e I n d o n e s i a Ed i s i I I I me n y e b u t k a n p a t i k e n t a n g , p a t i b e r a s d a n p a t i s i n g k o n g s e b a g a i b a h a n p e mb a n t u a t a u b a h a n t a mb a h a n u mu m ( j u g a s e b a g a i b a h a n . p e n g i k a t ) u n t u k s e d i a a n f a r ma s i .
Pa t i k e n t a n g ( Amy l u m So l a n i ) t e l a h u mu m d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n p e n g i k a t d i n e g a r a - n e g a r a Er o p a d a n Ame r i k a , d i k a r e n a k a n k e n t a n g ( So l a n u m t u b e r o s u m L . ) b a n y a k t u mb u h d i n e g a r a - n e g a r a Er o p a d a n Ame r i k a . Di I n d o n e s i a k e n t a n g me r u p a k a n b a h a n y a n g ma s i h r e l a t i f ma h a l d a n p a t i k e n t a n g b e l u m d a p a t d i p r o d u k s i d a l a m n e g e r i .
k e nt a n g me mi l i k i k e e f e k t i f a n y a n g l e b i h b a i k s e b a g a i b a h a n p e n g i k a t d i b a n d i n g p a t i j a g u n g , y a n g b a n y a k t u mb u h d i n a g a r a t r o p i s . ( 1 4 )
Da r i u r a i a n d i a t a s ma k a p e r l u d i a d a k a n p e n e l i t i a n me n g e n a i b a h a n p e n g i k a t d a r i t a n a ma n l a i n y a n g me n g a n d u n g p a t i d e n g a n d a y a l e k a t y a n g b a i k y a n g b a n y a k t u mb u h di I n d o n e s i a . Da l a m h a l i n i p a n d a n g a n p e n e l i t i t e r t u j u p a d a p a t i k e t a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i t a n a ma n Or y z a s a t i v a v a r g l u t i n o s a . Me n g i n g a t p a t i k e t a n me mp u n y a i d a y a l e k a t y a n g t i n g g i d i h a r a p k a n me mp u n y a i e f e k t i v i t a s s e b a g a i b a h a n p e n g i k a t t a b l e t y a n g b a i k .
Un t u k me n g e t a h u i s e j a u h ma n a e f e k t i v i t a s b a h a n p e n g i k a t d i g u n a k a n p a r a me t e r u j i k e k e r a s a n d a n k e r a p u h a n d i ma n a k e d u a p a r a me t e r t e r s e b u t me r u p a k a n i n d i k a t o r k e t a h a n a n me k a n i k d a r i t a b l e t . Ke d u a p a r a me t e r t e r s e b u t j u g a d i g u n a k a n d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n t e r d a h u l u y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h Ri t s c h e l ( 2 5 ) , y a i t u me mb a n d i n g k a n d a y a i k a t b e r b a g a i b a h a n p e n g i k a t .
Di p i l i h n y a b a h a n o b a t s u l f a d i a z i n s e b a g a i mo d e l p e n e l i t i a n k a r e n a s i f a t b a h a n o b a t s u l f a d i a z i n y a n g v o l u mi n u s d a n r i n g a n s e h i n g g a t i d a k d a p a t me n g a l i r d e n g a n b a i k . Un t u k d a p a t d i c e t a k me n j a d i t a b l e t h a r u s d i p e r b a i k i s i f a t a l i r n y a d e n g a n d i b u a t g r a n u l , me n u r u t p u s t a k a p r o s e s p e mb u a t a n t a b l e t Su l f a d i a z i n d i l a k u k a n s e c a r a g r a n u l a s i b a s a h . ( 1 0 )
4
BAB I I
1. T i n j a u a n T e n t a n g T a b l e t 1. 1. De f i n i s i
f i e n u r u t Ca p s a r i d a n Ke l l y , t a b l e t a d a l a h b e n t u k s e d i a a n o b a t y a n g b e r i s i s a t u a t a u l e b i h b a h a n o b a t d e n g a n a t a u t a n p a b a h a n t a mb a h a n y a n g d i b u a t d e n g a n c a r a me n g e mp a c a mp u r a n d a r i s e r b u k h a l u s a t a u me n e k a n g r a n u l me n . j ad i b e n t u k y a n g s e s u a i . ( 1 3 )
Di d a l a m F a r ma k o p e I n d o n e s i a Ed i s i I I I d i s e b u t - k a n , t a b l e t a d a l a h s e d i a a n k o mp a k , d i b u a t s e c a r a k e mp a c e t a k , d a l a m b e n t u k t a b u n g p i p i h a t a u s i r k u l e r , k e d u a p e r mu k a a n n y a r a t a a t a u c e mb u n g , me n g a n d u n g s a t u j e n i s o b a t a t a u l e b i h d e n g a n a t a u t a n p a z a t t a mb a h a n . 1 . 2 . Ko mp o s i s i t a b l e t
Ko mp o s i s i t a b l e t t e r d i r i d a r i b a h a n o b a t b e r k h a s i a t / me d i k a me n d a n b a h a n - b a h a n p e mb a n t u / e x i p i e n t . Ba h a n o b a t b e r k h a s i a t a d a l a h b a g i a n t a b l e t y a n g me mp u n y a i n i l a i t e r a p e t i k a t a u me mp u n y a i e f e k f a r ma k o l o g i s . Ba h a n p e mb a n t u a d a l a h b a h a n - b a h a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k me n a mb a h i s i d a n me mb e n t u k t a b l e t s e h i n g g a d i p e r o l e h k o n s i s t e n s i , b e n t u k d a n b o b o t t a b l e t y a n g d i i n g i n k a n . Sy a r a t - s y a r a t u mu m b a h a n p e mb a n t u t a b l e t a d a l a h ; s e c a r a k i mi a wi d a n f i s i o l o g i i n e r t , o r g a n o l e p t i s t i d a k b e r b a u , t i d a k b e r wa r n a d a n t i d a k b e r a s a k e c u a l i z a t - z a t s e b a g a i k o r i g e n o d o r i s ,
k ol o r i s d a n s a p o r i s , s e c a r a e k o n o mi s mu r a h h a r g a n y a d a n mu d a h d i p e r o l e h , s e d a p a t mu n g k i n p o l i f u n g s i o n a l y a i t u d a p a t b e r f u n g s i l e b i h d a r i s a t u .
Ba h a n p e mb a n t u t a b l e t i n i me l i p u t i ; b a h a n p e n g i k a t , b a h a n p e n g h a n c u r , b a h a n p e l i n c i r , b a h a n p e n g i s i , b a h a n p e n y e r a p d a n b a h a n p e mb a n t u l a i n ( z a t wa r n a , z a t p e n g h a r u m a t a u p e mb e r i r a s a e n a k ) . ( 3 , 8 ) Ba h a n - b a h a n p e mb a n t u t e r s e b u t d i t a mb a h k a n s e s u a i d e n g a n f u n g s i n y a d a n ma s i n g - ma s i n g b a h a n p e mb a n t u t e r s e b u t me mp u n y a i p e r a n a n y a n g s a ma p e n t i n g n y a .
1 . 3 . Ba h a n p e n g i k a t t a b l e t
Pa d a p r o s e s p e mb u a t a n t a b l e t s e c a r a g r a n u l a s i b a s a h p e r a n a n b a h a n p e n g i k a t p e n t i n g s e k a l i , y a i t u b e r f u n g s i u n t u k me n g i k a t p a r t i k e l - p a r t i k e l s e r b u k me n j a d i g r a n u l d a n me n g i k a t g r a n u l - g r a n u l me n j a d i t a b l e t y a n g k o mp a k . ( 2 1 )
Ba h a n p e n g i k a t y a n g d i t a mb a h k a n d a l a m s u a t u t a b l e t h a r u s me mp u n y a i d a y a l e k a t y a n g b a i k t e t a p i t i d a k me n g h a l a n g i d a y a h a n c u r t a b l e t .
z a t - z a t y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n p e n g i k a t t a b l e t a n t a r a l a i n : ( 1 8 )
- g o l o n g a n a my l u m s e b a g a i mu s i l a g o 2 - 1 0 %
- g e l a t i n d a l a m b e n t u k l a r u t a n a i r / a l k o h o l 2 - 1 0 % - g o m a r a b d a l a m b e n t u k mu s i l a g o 1 0 - 3 0 %
- s e n y a wa a l g i n a t d a l a m l a r u t a n a i r s a mp a i 1 0 % - d e k s t r i n d a l a m l a r u t a n a i r s a mp a i 1 0 %
- me t i l s e l u l o s a d a l a m l a r u t a n a i r 1 - 5 %
- p ol y v i n i l p i r o l i d o n 2 - 2 0 % d a l a m a i r a t a u a l k o h o l - g l u k o s a d a n s u k r o s a d a l a m b e n t u k s i r u p
- e t a n o l , i s o p r o p a n o l d a n me t a n o l d a l a m b e r b a g a i k o n s e n t r a s i d i d a l a m a i r .
Al k o h o l ' d a n a i r b u k a n me r u p a k a n p e n g i k a t y a n g s e b e n a r n y a , p e l a r u t t e r s e b u t me n g a d a k a n i n t e r a k s i d e n g a n b e b e r a p a b a h a n i s i t a b l e t ( s a k a r u m l a k t i s / p a t i ) . I n t e r a k s i a n t a r a p e l a r u t d a n b a h a n i s i t e r s e b u t d a p a t me r u b a h b e n t u k s e r b u k me n j a d i b e n t u k g r a n u l d a n s i s a k e l e mb a b a n y a n g b e r a d a d i d a l a m s e r b u k - s e r b u k t e r s e b u t b i s a b e r g u n a s e b a g a i d a y a i k a t p a d a p r o s e s p e n c e t a k a n t a b l e t . ( 4 , 8 )
Pe n g i k a t d a p a t d i g u n a k a n d a l a m b e n t u k k e r i n g ma u p u n l a r u t a n t e r g a n t u n g d a r i b a h a n - b a h a n l a i n y a n g a k a n d i g u n a k a n d a l a m f o r mu l a s i d a n c a r a p e mb u a t a n n y a . Pe ma k a i a n p e n g i k a t d a l a m b e n t u l l a r u t a n l e b i h e f e k t i f d a r i p a d a d a l a m b e n t u k k e r i n g d a l a m j u n l a h y a n g s a ma , h a l i n i d a p a t d i j e l a s k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t ; p a d a d a s a r n y a p a r t i k e l s e r b u k me mp u n y a i l a p i s a n u d a r a p a d a p e r mu k a a n n y a , j a d i p e l a r u t d a r i b a h a n p e n g i k a t p e r l u wa k t u u n t u k me n e mb u s l a p i s a n u d a r a t e r s e b u t s e b e l u m me mb a s a h i p a r t i k e l . ( 1 6 )
-g r a s i s e h i n g g a d a p at me n g h a mb a t e f e k t e r a p i , j u g a ' b i s a me n y e b a b k a n k e r u s a k a n p a d a s t e mp e l a t a u ma t r i s . Pe n g g u n a a n b a h a n p e n g i k a t h a r u s b e n a r — b e n a r d i pe j — h a t i k a n a g a r d i p e r o l e h ma s s a g r a n u l y a n g ’ b a i k p a d a s a a t a k a n d i c e t a k me n j a d i t a b l e t . J i k a b a h a n p e n g i k a t y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n k u r a n g , ma k a p a r t i k e l - p a r t i k e l y a n g b e r i k a t a n a k a n mu d a h l e p a s s e h i n g g a t a b l e t r a p u h d a n mu d a h p e c a h h a l i n i a k a n me r u g i k a n d a n g me n g g a n g g u p a d a s a a t p e n g e ma s a n d a n p e n g a n g k u t a n
t a b l e t .
8 a h a n - b a h a n y a n g me mp u n y a i d a y a k o h e s i t i n g g i me me r l u k a n j u ml a h b a h a n p e n g i k a t y a n g l e b i h s e d i k i t d a r i p a d a b a h a n y a n g me mp u n y a i d a y a k o h e s i r e n d a h .
Ba h a n y a n g me mp u n y a i d a y a k o h e s i t i n g g i a n t a r p a r t i k e l n y a a k a n t e r j a d i s a l i n g i k a t , s e h i n g g a b a h a n p e n g i k a t y a n g d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k me mb u a t ma s s a g r a n u l y a n g k o mp a k l e b i h s e d i k i t . ( 1 6 )
" Ha r d n e s s F r i a b i l i t y I n d e x ( HFI ) . ( 2 5 )
HF I d i t u r u n k a n d a r i r a t i o k e k e r a s a n - k e r a p u h a n y a n g d i s e b u t " Ha r d n e s s F r i a b i l i t y Ra t i o " ( HFR)
k e k e r a s a n r a t a - r a t a ( k g ) k e r a p u h a n ( %)
Pe r h i t u n g a n HFI d i p e r o l e h d a r i p e r s a ma a n HF R p e r l a k u a n
HFI = - - - x 1 0 0 HF R s t a n d a r d
HF R s t a n d a r d i n i d i s e b u t j u g a s e b a g a i b l a n g k o y a i t u s e b a g a i s t a n d a r d p e mb a n d i n g u n t u k me n i l a i k e ma mp u a n d a y a i k a t y a n g n y a t a d a r i b a h a n p e n g i k a t , HF R s t a n d a r d d i p e r o l e h d a r i k o n d i s i y a n g t i d a k me n g a n d u n g b a h a n p e n g i k a t ( 0
%
l a r u t a n p e n g i k a t ) . Ap a b i l a p e r l a k u a n b l a n g k o i n i t i d a k d a p a t d i l a k s a n a k a n k a r e n a t i d a k t e r b e n t u k n y a g r a n u l y a n g c u k u p k u a t ( r a p u h ) ma k a d i g u n a k a n p a r a me t e r HF R u n t u k me mb a n d i n g k a n d a y a
i k a t a n t a r ma c a m a t a u k o n s e n t a r a s i b a h a n p e n g i k a t , d i ma n a p a r a me t e r HF R t e r s e b u t d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n h a r g a HF R d a r i b a h a n p e n g i k a t y a n g s u d a h d i k e t a h u i me mp u n y a i e f e k t i v i t a s y a n g b a i k ( d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i mi s a l n y a p a t i k e n t a n g ) .
1 . 3 . 1 . Pa t i ( Amy l u m) s e b a g a i b a h a n p e n g i k a t t a b l e t Pa t i ( Amy l u m) me r u p a k a n s e n y a wa k a r b o h i - d r a t d i ma n a b a n y a k t e r d a p a t d a l a m t a n a ma n ,
at a u j u g a p a d a b i j i . ( 7. 2 2 ) . Pa t i y a n g t e r - k a n d u n g d a l a m b i j i d a p a t me n c a p a i 7 0
%
s e d a n g - k a n d a l a m a k a r d a n t u b e r a me n c a p a i 3 0 %. ( 2 2 ) T a n a ma n y a n g d a p a t me n g h a s i l k a n p a t i d a l a m j u ml a h b e s a r a n t a r a l a i n p a d i , j a g u n g , g a n d u m, s i n g k o n g . ( 7)Se l a i n d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n ma k a n a n , p a t i ( a my l u m) me r u p a k a n b a h a n p e mb a n t u y a n g b a i k u n t u k d i p a k a i d a l a m i n d u s t r i f a r ma s i , t e r u t a ma d a l a m me mp r o d u k s i t a b l e t . Da l a m t e k n o l o g i p e mb u a t a n t a b l e t , p a t i me mp u n y a i s i f a t p o l i f u n g s i o n a l a n t a r a l a i n d a p a t b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i b a h a n p e n g i s i , p e n g i k a t , p e n g h a n c u r d a n p e l i n c i r . ( 13 , 16 )
Pa t i ( a my l u m) me r u p a k a n c a mp u r a n d a r i d u a ma c a m s t r u k t u r p o l i s a k a r i d a y a n g b e r b e d a , d i ma n a k e d u a f r a k s i t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i p i s a h k a n d e n g a n a i r , b a g i a n t e r l a r u t d i s e b u t a mi l o s a d a n b a g i a n t i d a k l a r u t d i s e b u t a mi l o p e k t i n . ( 7) Ke d u a k o mp o n e n p a t i t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i b e d a k a n b e r d a s a r k a n r e a k s i n y a t e r h a d a p l a r u t a n j o d i u m, d i ma n a a mi l o s a me mb e r i k a n wa r n a b i r u u n g u , s e d a n g k a n a mi l o p e k t i n me mb e r i k a n wa r n a l e m- b a y u n g k e me r a h a n . ( 2 2 )
1 . 3 . 2 . Pa t i k e- t an
gl u t i n o s a y a n g k a y a d e n g a n p e r e k a t . ( 2)
Pa d i k e t a n a d a d u a ma c a m y a i t u p a d i k e t a n p u t i h d a n p a d i k e t a n h i t a m, p a d i k e t a n p u t i h me n g h a s i l k a n b u t i r - b u t i r k e t a n b e r wa r n a p u t i h , p a d i k e t a n h i t a m me n g h a s i l k a n b u t i r - b u t i r k e t a n wa r n a h i t a m. Pa t i k e t a n b e l u m d i b a h a s d a l a m p u s t a k a s e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n f u n g s i n y a s e b a g a i b a h a n p e mb a n t u d a l a m t e h n o l o g i p e mb u a t a n s e d i a a n o b a t .
Da l a m F a r ma k o p e I n d o n e s i a Ed i s i I I I d i s e b u t k a n p a t i b e r a s ( Amy l u m Or y z a e ) d a r i t a n a ma n Or y z a s a t i v a y a n g me r u p a k a n s a t u f a mi l i d e n g a n Or y z a s a t i v a f a r . g l u t i n o s a y a i t u f a mi l i Gr a mi n a e . 1 . 3 . 3 . Pa t i k e n t a n g ( 9)
Di d a l a m F a r ma k o p e I n d o n e s i a Ed i s i I I I d i s e b u t Amy l u m So l a n i ( p a t i k e n t a n g ) , d i p e r o l e h d a r i u mb i t a n a ma n So l a n u m t u b e r o s u m . Be r u p a s e r b u k h a l u s , wa r n a p u t i h , t i d a k b e r b a u s e c a r a mi k r o s k o p i s t a mp a k s e b a g i a n b e s a r b u t i r t u n g g a l , b e n t u k b u l a t t e l u r t i d a k b e r a t u r a n a t a u h a mp i r b u l a t , s e r i n g k a l i a g a k p i p i h h i l u s b e r u p a t i t i k p a d a u j u n g y a n g s a n g a t s e mp i t , l a me l l a k o n s e n t r i s , j e l a s . 8 u t i r ma j e mu k s e d i k i t , u mu mn y a ma j e mu k 2 a t a u 3.
T i n j a u a n T e n t a n g Gr a n u l a s i Da n Ka r a k t e r i s t i k Gr a n u l 1. Gr a n u l a s i
mat r i s p a d a wa k t u p e n c e t a k a n t a b l e t me r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u f a k t o r y a n g p e n t i n g d a l a m p e mb u a t a n t a b l e t .
Un t u k b a h a n - b a h a n t e r t e n t u y a n g me mp u n y a i s i f a t a l i r k u r a n g b a i k p e r l u d i p r o s e s me n j a d i g r a n u l t e r l e b i h d a h u l u , d i ma n a p r o s e s t e r s e b u t d i s e b u t g r a n u l a s i y a i t u p r o s e s d i ma n a b u b u k / s e r b u k d i u b a h me n j a d i g r a n u l . T u j u a n p r o s e s g r a n u l a s i s e l a i n u n t u k me n i n g k a t k a n s i f a t a l i r y a i t u ; ( 6)
- me n i n g k a t k a n b o b o t j e n i s s e c a r a k e s e l u r u h a n a g a r d i h a s i l k a n c a mp u r a n y a n g h o mo g e n .
- me n a i k k a n s i f a t k o h e s i s e l a ma d a n s e s u d a h k o mp r e s s i t a b l e t d a n me n g a t a s i s i f a t e l e k t r o s t a t i k d a r i b a h a n - b a h a n y a n g d i c a mp u r s e h i n g g a me mb a n t u p r o s e s k o mp r e s s i .
- me mp e r b a i k i k e s e r a g a ma n d i s t r i b u s i b a h a n b e r k h a s i a t d a n me n a i k k a n h o mo g e n i t a s o b a t d e n g a n d o s i s k e c i l . - me mb u a t p e r mu k a a n h i d r o f o b i k me n j a d i h i d r o f i l i k
s e h i n g g a me n i n g k a t k a n b i o a v a i l a b i l i t a s o b a t .
- me n g u r a n g i t i mb u l n y a d e b u s e l a ma p r o s e s p e n c e t a k a n d a r i b a h a n - b a h a n y a n g b e r u p a s e r b u k .
Be n t u k g r a n u l me mp u n y a i b e b e r a p a k e u n t u n g a n d i b a n d i n g d e n g a n b e n t u k s e r b u k y a i t u ;
- me n g a l i r l e b i h b a i k s e h i n g g a me n g h a s i l k a n b o b o t t a b l e t y a n g k o n s t a n .
- u k u r a n d a n k o mp o s i s i l e b i h u n i f o r m s e h i n g g a me mp e r - k e c i l s e g r e g a s i .
s e h i n g g a me n g h a s i l k a n t a b l e t y a n g k u a t . - l e b i h b e r a t s e h i n g g a t i d a k mu d a h t e r b a n g .
Pe mb u a t a n t a b l e t s e c a r a g r a n u l a s i a d a d u a ma c a m y a i t u g r a n u l a s i k e r i n g d a n g r a n u l a s i b a s a h . Pe mi l i h a n me t o d a g r a n u l a s i i n i t e r g a n t u n g p a d a s i f a t f i s i k o k i mi a b a h a n a k t i f , k e mu d a h a n f a b r i k a s i d a n p e r t i mb a n g a n - p e r t i mb a n g a n l a i n , k a r e n a ma s i n g - ma s i n g me t o d a t e r s e b u t me mp u n y a i k e u n t u n g a n d a n k e r u g i a n .
Pa d a p e mb u a t a n t a b l e t s e c a r a g r a n u l a s i b a s a h , c a r a p e n c a mp u r a n / p e n a mb a h a n b a h a n p e n g i k a t a d a d u a y a i t u ; ( 2 4 )
- b a h a n p e n g i k a t y a n g s u d a h b e r b e n t u k l a r u t a n d i c a mp u r d e n g a n c a mp u r a n o b a t d a n b a h a n p e n g i s i , k e mu d i a n d i b u a t ma s a g r a n u l .
- b a h a n p e n g i k a t d a l a m b e n t u k s e r b u k d i c a mp u r d e n g a n c a mp u r a n b a h a n o b a t d a n b a h a n p e n g i s i , k e mu d i a n d i b u a t ma s a g r a n u l .
Pr o s e s p e n g e r i n g a n p a d a me t o d a g r a n u l a s i b a s a h p e r l u d i p e r h a t i k a n , k a r e n a p a d a p e n g e r i n g a n y a n g t e r l a l u c e p a t d a n d i l a k s a n a k a n p a d a s u h u t i n g g i a k a n me n y e b a b k a n p e r mu k a a n g r a n u l s e g e r a me n g e r i n g t e t a p i k e l e mb a b a n y a n g a d a d i d a l a mn y a a k a n s u k a r t e r l e p a s k a n , a k i b a t n y a b i l a g r a n u l me n d a p a t k a n t e k a n a n p a d a wa k t u p r o s e s p e n c e t a k a n ma k a g r a n u l a k a n me n j a d i l e k a t p a d a s t e mp e l k a r e n a t e r j a d i p e mb e b a s a n u a p a i r . ( 2 1 )
c a p p i n g . ( 1 3 )
Bi a s a n y a p e n g e r i n g a n g r a n ul d i l a k u k a n p a d a s u h u 4 0 o
6 0 C s e l a ma 6 - 1 8 j a m ( 2 4 ) , d e n g a n p e ma k a i a n l a r u t a n p e n g i k a t s e c u k u p n y a .
2 . 2 . Me k a n i s me p e n g i k a t a n p a d a p e mb e n t u k a n g r a n u l
Pa d a p e mb e n t u k a n g r a n u l , me k a n i s me p e n g i k a t a n y a n g d a p a t t e r j a d i a n t a r a l a i n ( 2 7 )
- J e mb a t a n a n t a r z a t p a d a t
T e r b e n t u k a p a b i l a d a r i s e r b u k y a n g d i b u a t me n j a d i g r a n u l , d e n g a n c a r a me n a mb a h k a n s u a t u l a r u t a n z a t d a n l a r u t a n z a t t e r s e b u t k e mu d i a n me n g e r i n g , ma k a a k a n t e r j a d i s u a t u j e mb a t a n .
- Ga y a k o h e s i d a n a d h e s i p a d a z a t p e n g i k a t y a n g t i d a k b e r g e r a k b e b a s
Ya n g d i ma k s u d d e n g a n z a t p e n g i k a t t i d a k b e r g e r a k b e b a s a d a l a h z a t p e n g i k a t y a n g l i a t , me mp u n y a i v i s k o s i t a s y a n g t i n g g i s e h i n g g a d e n g a n a d a n y a p e n a mb a h a n z a t p e n g i k a t i n i me n y e b a b k a n g r a n u l b i l a d i k e r i n g k a n a k a n me n g e r a s .
- T e r b e n t u k n y a j e mb a t a n c a i r a n t a r p a r t i k e l
J e mb a t a n c a i r d a p a t b e r a s a l d a r i t e g a n g a n p e r mu k a a n c a i r a n d i a n t a r a p a r t i k e l d a n k e k u a t a n k a p i l e r r u a n g - r u a n g a n t a r p a r t i k e l .
- Ga y a t a r i k me n a r i k a n t a r p a r t i k e l
2 . 3 . Ka r a k t e r i s t i k g r a n u l
Gr a n u l y a n g d i h a s i l k a n d a r i p r o s e s g r a n u l a s i h a r u s me me n u h i d u a k r i t e r i a y a i t u me mp u n y a i k e ma mp u a n a l i r y a n g b a i k d a n me mp u n y a i k e ma mp u a n u n t u k d i c e t a k me n j a d i t a b l e t . ( 2 4 )
Da l a m t e k n o l o g i p e mb u a t a n t a b l e t k e ma mp u a n a l i r d a r i b a h a n - b a h a n d a r i c o r o n g k e r u a n g ma t r i s me r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u f a k t o r p e n e n t u b e r h a s i l n y a me n d a p a t k a n t a b l e t d e n g a n k u a l i t a s y a n g b a i k d a n me me n u h i s y a r a t . Un t u k me n g e t a h u i s e b e r a p a b e s a r k e ma mp u a n a l i r d a r i b a h a n - b a h a n t e r s e b u t p e r l u d i a d a k a n p e n g u k u r a n me n g e n a i k e c e p a t a n a l i r d a n s u d u t d i a m d a r i g r a n u l .
Ke c e p a t a n a l i r a n g r a n u l y a n g b a i k j i k a l e b i h b e s a r d a r i 10 g / d e t i k ( 6 ) , s e d a n g k a n s u d u t d i a m
o
me n u n j u k k a n a n g k a 2 5 - 4 0 ( 6 ) . Su d u t d i a m y a n g k e c i l me n g g a mb a r k a n s t r u k t u r p e r mu k a a n y a n g h a l u s d a n s i f a t k o h e s i f n y a k e c i l s e h i n g g a k e ma mp u a n a l i r n y a ma k i n b a i k . J i k a s u d u t d i a m b e s a r ( l e b i h b e s a r d a r i
o
5 6 ) b e r a k i b a t g r a n u l t i d a k me n g a l i r ( 6 ) . Su d u t d i a m t e r s e b u t me r u p a k a n p a r a me t e r u n t u k me n g u k u r g a y a g e s e r g r a n u l d a l a m k o n d i s i b e b a s , t a n g e n s s u d u t d i a m a d a l a h k o e f i s i e n g e s e r d a r i g r a n u l ( 6) .
Ke c e p a t a n a l i r g r a n u l d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h u k u r a n , b e n t u k d a n s t r u k t u r p e r mu k a a n g r a n u l , b o b o t j e n i s s e r t a p o r o s i t a s n y a . J i k a u k u r a n r a t a - r a t a g r a n u l k e c i l ma k a k e c e p a t a n a l i r g r a n u l b a i k , p e r mu k a a n g r a n u l y a n g k a s a r a k a n me n y e b a b k a n p e n g g u mp a l a n d a n
g e s e k a n y a n g d a p at me n g u r a n g i k e c e p a t a n a l i r n y a . Pa r t i k e l - p a r t i k e l d e n g a n b o b o t j e n i s b e s a r d a n p o r o s i t a s y a n g k e c i l d a p a t me mb e r i k a n k e c e p a t a n a l i r y a n g b a i k . ( 6)
Ko mp r e s s i b i l i t a s d a r i g r a n u l . j uga me me g a n g p e r a n a n p e n t i n g , d i ma n a t e r d a p a t h u b u n g a n a n t a r a k o mp r e s s i b i l i t a s d e n g a n k e ma mp u a n a l i r d a r i g r a n u l . Ma k i n k e c i l p r o s e n t a s e k o mp r e s s i b i l i t a s , k e ma mp u a n a l i r ma k i n b a i k d a n ma k i n mu d a h g r a n u l d i k o mp r e s s i me n j a d i t a b l e t .
Pa r a me t e r p r o s e n t a s e k o mp r e s s i b i l i t a s d i t u r u n k a n d a r i r u mu s ; ( 1 6 )
b o b o t j e n i s n y a t a
--- x 1 0 0 %
b o b o t j e n i s ma mp a t
Pe d o ma n h u b u n g a n k o mp r e s s i b i l i t a s d e n g a n k e ma mp u a n a l i r g r a n u l d i t u n j u k k a n d e n g a n " Co mp r e s s i b i l i t y I n d e x " s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : ( 1 5 )
I n d e k s k o mp r e s s i b i l i t a s ( d a l a m % )
Ke ma mp u a n a l i r
5 - 1 0 b a i k s e k a l i
12 - 16 b a i k
1 8 - 21 c u k u p
2 3 - 3 5 j e l e k
3 7 - 4 3 s a n g a t j e l e k
Se d i a a n t a b l e t y a n g b e r mu t u d a n b e r k u a l i t a s b a i k h a r u s me mp u n y a i s t a b i l i t a s y a n g t i n g g i d a r i mu l a i p r o s e s p e mb u a t a n , p e n y i mp a n a n , s a mp a i d i g u n a k a n o l e h k o n s u me n . St a b i l i t a s t e r s e b u t me n y a n g k u t s t a b i l i t a s f i s i k a ma u p u n s t a b i l i t a s k i mi a wi . Ol e h k a r e n a i t u s e d i a a n t a b l e t y a n g d i p r o d u k s i h a r u s me me n u h i s t a n d a r d mu t u y a n g t e l a h d i t e t a p k a n , a n t a r a l a i n me n g e n a i : ( 8,
1 6
,
2 1)
3 . 1 . Ke s e r a g a ma n b o b o t t a b l e t ( 9)
T a b l e t h a r u s b e r i s i b a h a n b e r k h a s i a t d a l a m j u ml a h t e r t e n t u s e s u a i y a n g t e l a h d i r e n c a n a k a n d a l a m f o r mu l a n y a u n t u k k e p e r l u a n p e n g o b a t a n d a n s e s u a i d e n g a n k a d a r y a n g t e l a h d i t e n t u k a n . T i a p - t i a p s a mp e l d a r i s u a t u b a t c h h a r u s me mp u n y a i b o b o t y a n g t e p a t d a n s e r a g a m d a r i k e s e l u r u h a n i s i t a b l e t . Un t u k i t u s e c a r a r u t i n h a r u s d i l a k u k a n k o n t r o l b o b o t t a b l e t s e l a ma p r o s e s p e n c e t a k a n t a b l e t .
3 . 2 . Ke s e r a g a ma n u k u r a n t a b l e t ( 9)
Pe r s y a r a t a n u k u r a n t a b l e t y a n g t e r c a n t u m d a l a m F a r ma k o p e I n d o n e s i a Ed i s i I I I , a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t ; k e c u a l i d i n y a t a k a n l a i n , d i a me t e r t a b l e t t i d a k l e b i h d a r i t i g a k a l i d a n t i d a k k u r a n g d a r i s a t u s e p e r t i g a t e b a l t a b l e t .
3 . 3 . Ke k e r a s a n t a b l e t
Ke k e r a s a n t a b l e t b i a s a n y a d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i b e b a n y a n g d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k me me c a h k a n t a b l e t .
Me n u r u t De k a y ( 8 ) k e k e r a s a n t a b l e t a d a l a h : g a y a y a n g d i b u t u h k a n u n t u k me me c a h k a n t a b l e t d i u k u r d a l a m s a t u a n k i l o g r a m g a y a . Pe me r i k s a a n k e k e r a s a n t a b l e t t i d a k d i s e b u t k a n d a l a m f a r ma k o p e , t e t a p i d a l a m b u k u - b u k u a c u a n ( 1 3 , 3) d i s e b u t k a n b a h wa t a b l e t h a r u s c u k u p k u a t / k e r a s u n t u k me mp e r t a h a n - k a n b e n t u k n y a s e l a ma p e n g a n g k u t a n , p e n j u a l a n , d a n s a mp a i d i g u n a k a n o l e h k o n s u me n . T a b l e t t i d a k b o l e h r e t a k a t a u p e c a h k a r e n a d e n g a n r e t a k a t a u p e c a h , b o b o t t a b l e t a k a n b e r k u r a n g s e h i n g g a a k a n me r u g i k a n . T e t a p i t a b l e t j u g a t i d a k b o l e h t e r l a l u k e r a s k a r e n a a k a n me n g h a mb a t wa k t u h a n c u r n y a , s e h i n g g a p e l e p a s a n o b a t d a l a m t u b u h j u g a a k a n t e r h a mb a t . Ke k e r a s a n t a b l e t b e r b e d a - b e d a t e r - g a n t u n g p a d a : b e s a r n y a t e k a n a n me s i n p a d a wa k t u p e n c e t a k a n t a b l e t , j u ml a h d a n j e n i s b a h a n p e n g i k a t y a n g d i p a k a i s i f a t - s i f a t d a r i b a h a n y a n g d i b u a t t a b l e t , c a r a g r a n u l a s i , j u ml a h s e r b u k ( f i n e s ) , b e n t u k , u k u r a n s e r t a b o b o t d a r i t a b l e t . St a n d a r d k e k e r a s a n t a b l e t y a n g d i p e r b o l e h k a n b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 3 , 5 s a mp a i 7 k g ( 8) a t a u 4 s a mp a i 8 k g ( 24. ) .
3 . 4 . Ke r a p u h a n t a b l e t
Bi l a t a b l e t r a p u h ma k a b o b o t t a b l e t a k a n b e r k u r a n g s e h i n g g a a k a n me mp e n g a r u h i k u a l i t a s d a n k u a n t i t a s t a b l e t .
s e r i n g me mb u at t a b l e t t e r b e l a h , r e t a k d a n p e c a h ( 8) . J a d i k o n t r o l p e r l u d l l a k u k a n u n t u k me n g e t a h u i s e b e r a p a j a u h k e r a p u h a n t a b l e t d a l a m p e n g e ma s a n , p e n g a n g k u t a n s e r t a p e n y i mp a n a n . ( 3)
Ca r a u n t u k me n g u k u r k e r a p u h a n t a b l e t d e n g a n me n g h i t u n g j u ml a h b e r a t t a b l e t y a n g h i l a n g p a d a 2 5 p u t a r a n s e l a ma 4 me n i t , y a n g d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p r o s e n . ( 1 3 , 16, 3) . St a n d a r d ma k s i mu m n i l a i k e r a p u h a n y a n g u mu m a d a l a h 1 %. ( 1 6 )
3 . 5 . Wa k t u h a n c u r t a b l e t
Se b e l u m s e d i a a n t a b l e t me mb e r i k a n e f e k t e r a p i h a r u s me l a l u i p r o s e s p e n g h a n c u r a n me n j a d i g r a n u l - g r a n u l k e mu d i a n g r a n u l h a n c u r me n j a d i p a r t i k e l - p e r t i k e l , y a n g s e l a n j u t n y a d i i k u t i d e n g a n p r o s e s p e n y e r a p a n z a t b e r k h a s i a t y a n g t e r k a n d u n g d i d a l a mn y a . ( 1 3 )
T i a p - t i a p t a b l e t me mp u n y a i wa k t u h a n c u r y a n g b e r b e d a - b e d a , t e r g a n t u n g p a d a b a h a n - b a h a n d i d a l a m t a b l e t ma u p u n k e g u n a a n ma s i n g - ma s i n g t a b l e t , t e t a p i y a n g me me g a n g p e r a n a n p e n t i n g a d a l a h b a h a n p e n g h a n c u r n y a .
F a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g me mp e n g a r u h i wa k t u h a n c u r t a b l e t a n t a r a l a i n : ( 1 3 )
- t e b a l t a b l e t ; t a b l e t ma k i n t e b a l ma k a wa k t u h a n c u r n y a ma k i n l a ma .
- d a y a me n g e mb a n g d a r i b a h a n p e n g h a n c u r ; ma k i n b e s a r d a y a me n g e mb a n g n y a , wa k t u h a n c u r ma k i n
p e n d e k .
~ k e ma mp at a n t a b l e t ; d a l a m k o n d i s i ma k i n ma mp a t ma k a e f e k t i v i t a s d a y a me n g e mb a n g p e n g h a n c u r ma k i n k e c i l .
- s i f a t b a h a n y a n g d i k o mp r e s s i ; b a h a n y a n g h i d r o f o b a k a n me mp e n g a r u h i me d i a d i s i n t e g r a s i p o r i - p o r i t a b l e t .
- s i f a t f i s i k d a n k i mi a d a r i b a h a n o b a t d a n b a h a n p e mb a wa .
- t e k a n a n p a d a wa k t u me n c e t a k t a b l e t . - p o r o s i t a s t a b l e t .
Pa d a p e n e n t u a n wa k t u h a n c u r t a b l e t , p a l i n g b a i k d i p i l i h c a r a me n d e k a t i k e a d a a n t u b u h . ( 2 6 )
- s u h u me d i a d i s i n t e g r a s i 3 7 + 2 C
- k o mp o s i s i me d i a d i s i n t e g r a s i h a r u s me n y e r u p a i o a i r a n d a l a m s a l u r a n p e n c e r n a a n .
- t a b l e t s e l a ma p e r c o b a a n d i s i n t e g r a s i d i g e r a k k a n s e s u a i d e n g a n g e r a k p e r i s t a l t i k .
Pe r s y a r a t a n wa k t u h a n c u r t a b l e t me n u r u t F a r ma k o p e I n d o n e s i a Ed i s i I I I , d a n USP XX k h u s u s u n t u k t a b l e t Su l f a d i a z i n t i d a k l e b i h d a r i 3 0 me n i t .
4. T i n j a u a n T e n t a n g Su l f a d i a z i n d a n T a b l e t Su l f a d i a z i n 4 . 1 . Su l f a d i a z i n
4 . 1 . 1 . Ru mu s k i mi a ( 2 6 ? 2 0 , 9) o
r u mu s mol e k u l :
C i0H i0 N4°2S BM : 2 5 0 , 2 7
n a ma l a i n : Py r i ma l , De b e n a l , Ad i z i n e , E s k a d i a z i n e .
4 . 1 . 2 . S i f a t - s i f a t f i s i k a ( 2 0 , 9 )
Se r b u k p u t i h , p u t i h k e k u n i n g a n / p u t i h a g a k me r a h j a mb u , h a mp i r t i d a k b e r b a u , t i d a k b e r a s a , s e r b u k y a n g v o l u mi n o u s .
o Ke l a r u t a n ; 1 : 1 3 0 0 a i r p a d a s u h u 2 5 C,
1 : 6 0 a i r p a n a s , 1 : 3 0 0 a c e t o n e , a ma t s u k a r l a r u t d a l a m a l k o h o l , l a r u t d a l a m l a r u t a n a s a m mi n e r a l e n c e r d a n a l k a l i h i d r o k s i d a a t a u c a r b o n a t .
4 . 1 . 3 . F a r ma k o l o g i d a n d o s i s ( 1 1 )
d a n d i e k s k r a s i c e p at . Do s i s p e r mu l a a n p a d a
p e ma k a i a n s e c a r a p e r o r a l p a d a o r a n g d e wa s a
2 - 4 g, d i l a n j u t k a n 2 - 4 g d a l a m 3 - 6 k a l i
p e mb e r i a n , l a ma n y a p e mb e r i a n t e r g a n t u n g
d a r i k e a d a a n p e n y a k i t . An a k - a n a k l e b i h
d a r i 2 b u l a n d i b e r i k a n d o s i s a wa l s e t e n g a h
d o s i s p e r h a r i k e mu d i a n d i l a n j u t k a n d e n g a n
6 0 - 1 5 0 mg / k g b e r a t b a d a n ( ma k s i mu m 4 - 6
p e r h a r i d a l a m 4 - 6 k a l i p e mb e r i a n . Do s i s
ma k s i mu m s e k a l i 2 g s e h a r i 8 g . ( 7)
Pr e p a r a t b i a s a n y a t e r d a p a t d a l a m b e n t u k
t a b l e t 5 0 0 mg.
4 . 2 . T a b l e t Su l f a d i a z i n ( Su l f a d i a z i n e c o mp r e s s i )
T a b l e t s u l f a d i a z i n me n g a n d u n g s u l f a d i a z i n t i d a k k u r a n g d a r i 9 5 % d a n t i d a k l e b i h d a r i 1 0 5
%
d a r i j u ml a h y a n g t e r t e r a p a d a e t i k e t . ( 9)F o r mu l a s t a n d a r d t a b l e t s u l f a d i a z i n 5 0 0 mg a d a l a h ( 1 0 )
R/ Su l f a d i a z i n 5 0 0
Amy l u m So l a n i 1 0 0
So l . g e l a t i n 5 p e t q s
Amy l u m So l a n i s i c . 4 0
Mg St e a r a t 5
BAB I I I
BAHAN, A L A I , DAN MET ODE PERCOBAAN
1. Ba h a n
- Su l f a d i a z i n ( Al p h a Ch e mi c a l L i mi t e d ) - Pa t i k e t a n ( b u a t a n s e n d i r i )
- Pa t i k e n t a n g ( Us i n e d e L e s t r e m)
- Sa k a r u m l a k t i s ( De Me l k i n d u s t r i e Ve g h e l BV) - Ma g n e s i u m s t e a r a t ( Ki mi a F a r ma )
- Av i c e l PH 1 0 1 ( Ki mi a F a r ma )
- Pe r e a k s i - p e r e a k s i u n t u k i d e n t i f i k a s i 2. Al a t
- Al a t p e n c e t a k t a b l e t : Pe r Ki n El me r , Hy d r a u l i s c h e Pr e s s e
- Al a t p e n g u j i k e k e r a s a n : Er we k a t y p e T B . 2 4 - Al a t p e n g u j i k e r a p u h a n : Er we k a t y p e T AP - Al a t p e n g u j i wa k t u h a n c u r : Er we k a t y p e DT - Me s i n p e n g a y a k : Re t s c h t y p e 3 D, We s t Ge r ma n y
- Al a t p e n g u k u r b o b o t j e n i s ma mp a t : Bu a t a n l a b o r a t o r i u m T e k n o l o g i F a r ma s i UNAI R ( mo d i f i k a s i d a r i T h e Ge r ma n St a n d a r t DI N. 5 3 1 9 4 )
- Pi k n o me t e r : Du r a n , We s t Ge r ma n y - J a n g k a s o r o n g
- Co r o n g g e l a s p e n g u k u r s u d u t d i a m - St o p wa t c h
- Ke t t I n f r a Re d Mo i s t u r e Me t e r
- V- mi x e r k a p a s i t a s 5 0 0 g r a m
- Er we k a we t g r a n u l a t o r t y p e F GS
- He r a e u s d r y i n g c a b i n e t t y p e TU 6 0 / 6 0 - Ph i l i p s Ha n d mi x e r t y p e H. R. 1 1 7 2 Me t o d e Pe r c o b a a n
3 . 1 . Pe mb u a t a n p a t i k e t a n ( a my l u m k e t a n ) ( 1 4 )
Pa d i k e t a n ( b e r a s k e t a n ) d i g i l i n g / d i t u mb u k s a mp a i t e r b e n t u k t e p u n g k e t a n . T e p u n g k e t a n d i -t a mb a h a i r s e c u k u p n y a d i p e r a s - p e r a s . Ke mu d i a n d i s a r i n g d e n g a n k a i n mu s l i m. Se t e l a h d i p e r a s , a mp a s n y a d a p a t d i h a n c u r k a n k e mb a l i u n t u k d i s a r i n g l a g i . Pe k e r j a a n i n i d i l a k u k a n b e r u l a n g - u l a n g s a mp a i d i d a p a t l a r u t a n y a n g t i d a k k e r u h . F i l t r a t d i k u mp u l k a n j a d i s a t u , d a n d i d i a mk a n s e l a ma s a t u j a m. Ke mu d i a n c a i r a n b a g i a n a t a s d i d e k a n t a s i . Pa d a s i s a d e k a n t a s i d i t a mb a h k a n a i r 7 d i a d u k d a n k e mu d i a n d i b i a r k a n k e mb a l i . Di d e k a n t a s i s e k a l i l a g i . Ha l i n i d i l a k u k a n b e r u l a n g u l a n g s a mp a i d i d a p a t f i l t r a t y a n g j e r n i h d a n e n d a p a n b e r wa r n a p u t i h b e r s i h . En d a p a n d i s a r i n g d e n g a n c o r o n g Bu c h n e r , d i b i a r k a n a g a k me n g e r i n g d a n d i ma s u k k a n
o k e d a l a m o v e n p a d a s u h u 5 0 C.
3 . 2 - Pe me r i k s a a n k u a l i t a t i f b a h a n - b a h a n b a k u 3 . 2 . 1 . Su l f a d i a z i n : ( 9)
- 1 g z at d i p a n a s k a n p e r l a h a n - l a h a n s a mp a i
b e r b e n t u k s u b l i ma s i .
Ca mp u r b e b e r a p a mg . s u b l i ma t d e n g a n 1 ml .
l a r u t a n r e s o r s i n o l P ; 5 % b / v d a l a m
e t a n o l ( 9 5 %) P, t a mb a h k a n 1 ml . As a m
Su l f a t P ; t er . j adi wa r n a me r a h t ua .
Di e n c e r k a n h a t i - h a t i d e n g a n 2 5 ml . a i r e s , d i t a mb a h k a n a mo n i a e n c e r p; t e r j a d i wa r n a b i r u k e me r a h a n s a mp a i b i r u .
Z a t + p e r e a k s i DAB HCL — » t e r j a d i e n d a p -a n k u n i n g j i n g - g a , d a n t e r - b e n t u k k r i s t a l s p e s i f i k
- Z a t + p e r e a k s i Ro u x - - - * wa r n a h i j a u - Za t + Ac e t o n - a i r - - - ^ t e r b e n t u k k r i s
t a l s p e s i f i k 3 . 2 . 2 . Pa t i k e t a n ( 9)
- Or g a n o l e p t i s me l i p u t i : b e n t u k s e r b u k h a i u s k a d a n g s a n g a t h a l u s , b e r wa r n a p u t i h , t i d a k b e r b a u d a n t i d a k b e r a s a .
- Se c a r a mi k r o s k o p i s : b u t i r p a t i t u n g g a l ; b a n y a k , b e n t u k p e r s e g i b a n y a k , h i l u s d i t e n g a h , u mu mn y a j a r a n g t e r l i h a t b u t i r p a t i ma j e mu k - : b a n y a k , b e n t u k b u l a t t e l u r u mu mn y a p a n j a n g .
t e r b e n t u k l a r u t a n k a n j i y a n g t i d a k
t r a n s p a r a n , h a mp i r t i d a k b e r b a u d a n t i d a k
me r u b a h wa r n a l a k mu s p.
Di t a mb a h l a r u t a n j o d i u m p, t er . j adi wa r n a
u n g u me r a h ( b a n y a k a mi l o p e k t i n ) , j i k a
d i p a n a s k a n h i l a n g d a n j i k a d i d i n g i n k a n
t i mb u l k e mb a l i .
Pa t i k e n t a n g ( Amy l u m So l a n i ) ( 9)
- Or g a n o l e p t i s me l i p u t i : b e n t u k s e r b u k h a l u s , b e r wa r n a p u t i h , t i d a k b e r b a u .
- Se c a r a mi k r o s k o p i s : s e b a g i a n b u t i r p a t i t u n g g a l , b e n t u k b u l a t t e l u r t i d a k b e r - a t u r a n a t a u h a mp i r b u l a t , s e r i n g k a l i a g a k p i p i h , h i l u s b e r u p a t i t i k p a d a u j u n g y a n g s e mp i t , l a me l a k o n s e n t r i s , j e l a s . Bu t i r ma j e mu k s e d i k i t , u mu mn y a ma j e mu k 2 a t a u ma j e mu k 3.
- Se j u ml a h 1 0 g Amy l u m So l a n i + 1 0 ml . a i r d i d i h k a n s e l a ma 1 5 me n i t , k e mu d i a n d i d i n g i n k a n a k a n t e r b e n t u k g u d i r / c a i r a n k e n t a l y a n g t r a n s p a r a n .
Di t a mb a h k a n l a r u t a n j o d i u m p t e r j a d i wa r n a b i r u t u a j i k a d i p a n a s k a n h i l a n g d a n
j i k a d i d i n g i n k a n t i mb u l k e mb a l i . Sa k a r u m L a k t i s ( 9)
- Se j u ml a h + 5 mg . z a t d a l a m t a b u n g r e a k s i d i t a mb a h k a n 0 , 5 ml . a q u a d e s t d a n 2 t e t e s 1 0 % l a r u t a n n a f t o l d a l a m s p i r i t u s . Di t a mb a h k a n s e t e t e s d e mi s e t e t e s a s a m s u l f a t p e k a t . Sa k a r u m L a k t i s a k a n me m b e r i k a n c i n c i n l e mb a y u n g .
~ Se j u ml a h + 1 0 0 mg . z a t d a l a m t a b u n g r e a k s i d i l a r u k a n d e n g a n 2 ml . a q u a d e s t d a n d i t a mb a h k a n 5 m. l a r u t a n f e h l i n g , d i p a n a s k a n 1 - 2 me n i t , Sa k a r u m L a k t i s a k a n me mb e r i k a n e n d a p a n b e r wa r n a me r a h b a t a . ~ Se j u ml a h 1 0 0 mg . z a t d a l a m t a b u n g r e a k s i
d i t a mb a h k a n 2 0 0 mg . f e n i l h i d r o z i n a h i d r o k l o r i d a , 3 0 0 mg . Na t r i u m a s e t a t k r i s t a l d a n 2 ml . a q u a d e s t . Di p a n a s k a n d i a t a s p e ma n g a s a i r s e l a ma 3 0 me n i t . Sa k a r u m L a k t i s a k a n me mb e r i k a n e n d a p a n b e r wa r n a k u n i n g d a n b i l a d i l i h a t d i b a wa h mi k r o s k o p t a mp a k k r i s t a l s p e s i f i k .
Ma g n e s i u m St e a r a t ( 9)
- Or g a n o l e p t i s me l i p u t i : b e n t u k s e r b u k h a l u s , wa r n a p u t i h , l i c i n d a n mu d a h me l e k a t p a d a k u l i t , b a u l e ma h k h a s .
o
p a d a s u h u l e b i h k u r a n g 5 0 C. L a p i s a n a i r
d i s a r i n g d a n d i t a mb a h k a n l a r u t a n Na t r i u m
h i d r o k s i d a a k a n t e r j a d i e n d a p a n p u t i h .
3 . 2 . 6 . Av i c e l PH 1 0 1 ( 2 6 )
- Or g a n o l e p t i s : k r i s t a l p u t i h k e a b u - a b u a n ,
t i d a k b e r wa r n a , t i d a k b e r a s a .
- 1 mg . k r i s t a l c e l l u l o s e ( Av i c e l ) + 1 ml .
a s a m p h o s p h a t - - - - » 3 0 me n i t + 4 ml .
t
l a r u t a n Ca t e Ch o l e d a l a m a s a m p h o s p h a t ( 1
: 5 0 0 ) — — * 3 0 me n i t t e r b e n t u k wa r n a me r a h . T
- 0 , 0 5 g Av i c e l + 2 ml . l a r u t a n J o d i n e TS,
b i a r k a n 5 me n i t - - * s e n r i f u s e - - - » r e s i d u ( e n d a p a n ) + 1 - 2 t e t e s a s a m s u l f a t t e r b e n t u k wa r n a b i r u p u r p l e .
3 . 3 . F o r mu l a s i
7 f o r mul a , p e r b e d a a n d a l a m s e t i a p f o r mu l a t e r l e t a k
p a d a j e n i s d a n k o n s e n t r a s i b a h a n p e n g i k a t . Se t i a p
f o r mu l a t e r s u s u n u n t u k 2 0 0 t a b l e t .
F o r mu l a 1 = FO = t a n p a b a h a n p e n g i k a t
F o r mu l a 2 = FK = b a h a n p e n g i k a t mu s i l a g o p a t i 1
k e t a n 3 %
F o r mu l a 3 = FK = b a h a n p e n g i k a t mu s i l a g o p a t i 2
k e t a n 6 %
F o r mu l a 4 = FK = b a h a n p e n g i k a t mu s i l a g o p a t i 3
k e t a n 9 %
F o r mu l a 5 = FS = b a h a n p e n g i k a t mu s i l a g o p a t i 1
k e n t a n g 3
%
F o r mu l a 6 = FS = b a h a n p e n g i k a t mu s i l a g o p a t i
2
k e n t a n g 6
%
F o r mu l a 7 = FS = b a h a n p e n g i k a t mu s i l a g o p a t i 3
k e n t a n g 9
%
3 . 4 . Pe mb u at a n l a r u t a n p e n g i k a t
3 . 4 . 1 . Mu s i l a g o p a t i k e t a n 3 % b / v
Di t i mb a n g p a t i k e t a n 3 g d i t a mb a h k a n a q u a d e s t
a d 1 0 0 ml . d i ma s u k k a n b e k e r g l a s s , k e mu d i a n
d i p a n a s k a n s a mp a i t e r b e n t u k ma s s a y a n g k e n t a l .
3 . 4 . 2 . Mu s i l a g o p a t i k e t a n 6
%
b / vDi t i mb a n g p a t i k e t a n 6 g d i t a mb a h k a n a q u a d e s t
a d 1 0 0 ml . . . . ( s a ma s e p e r t i d i a t a s ) .
3 . 4 . 3 . Mu s i l a g o p a t i k e t a n 9 % b / v
Di t i mb a n g p a t i k e t a n 9 g d i t a mb a h k a n a q u a d e s t
a d 1 0 0 ml . . . . ( s a ma s e p e r t i d i a t a s ) .
3 . 4 . 4 . Mu s i l a g o p a t i k e n t a n g 3
%
b / vDi t i mb a n g p a t i k e n t a n g 3 g d i t a mb a h k a n
a q u a d e s t a d 1 0 0 ml . d i ma s u k k a n b e k e r g l a s s ,
k e mu d i a n d i p a n a s k a n s a mp a i t e r b e n t u k ma s s a
y a n g k e n t a l d a n t r a n s p a r a n .
3 . 4 . 5 . Mu s i l a g o p a t i k e n t a n g 6 % b / v
Di t i mb a n g p a t i k e n t a n g 6 g d i t a mb a h k a n a q u a
d e s t a d 1 0 0 ml . . . . ( s a ma s e p e r t i d i a t a s ) .
3 . 4 . 6 . Mu s i l a g o p a t i k e n t a n g 9 % b / v
Di t i mb a n g p a t i k e n t a n g 9 g d i t a mb a h k a n a q u a
d e s t a d 1 0 0 ml . . . . ( s a ma s e p e r t i di a t a s ) .
3 . 5 . Pr o s e s p e mb u a t a n t a b l e t ( 1 0 )
Ba h a n - b a h a n s e b e l u m d i c a mp u r d i a y a k d u l u d e n g a n
p e n g a y a k 6 0 me s h , k e mu d i a n ma s i n g - ma s i n g d i t i mb a n g
s e j u ml a h y a n g d i p e r l u k a n . Su l f a d i a z i n , Sa k a r u m
( + 15 me n i t ) . Ca mp u r a n t e r s e b u t d i t a mb a h k a n l a r u t a n
p e n g i k a t s e d i k i t d e mi s e d i k i t s a mb i l d i a d u k - a d u k
s a mp a i d i p e r o l e h ma s a g r a n u l y a n g c u k u p b a i k u n t u k
d i g r a n u l a s i . Ma s a g r a n u l i n i d i g r a n u l a s i me l a l u i
p e n g a y a k 2 0 me s h y a n g k e mu d i a n d i k e r i n g k a n d a l a m
l e ma r i p e n g e r i n g y a n g d i a t u r p a d a s u h u 4 5 C, s e l a ma
k i r a - k i r a 1 8 j a m, g r a n u l y a n g t e l a h k e r i n g s e b a g i a n
b e s a r ma s i h d a l a m b e n t u k a g r o me l a t , u n t u k i t u p e r l u
d i a y a k l a g i d e n g a n p e n g a y a k 2 0 me s h s e h i n g g a d i p e r
o l e h p a r t i k e l - p a r t i k e l g r a n u l y a n g me r a t a . Da r i
g r a n u l k e r i n g i n i d i a mb i l u k u r a n y a n g me l e wa t i p a n g -
a y a k 3 0 me s h d a n t i d a k me l e wa t i p e n g a y a k 4 0 me s h d a n
s e b a g a i f i n e s d i a mb i l u k u r a n y a n g me l e wa t i p e n g a y a k
1 0 0 me s h . Al a t y a n g d i p a k a i u n t u k i n i a d a l a h d i s t r i -
b u s i g r a n u l Ret s c h Si e v i n g Vi b r a t o r .
Se b e l u m d i c e t a k me n j a d i t a b l e t g r a n u l d i p e r i k s a d u l u a l i r a n , b o b o t j e n i s , s u d u t d i a m, d a n k o mp r e s i - b i l i t a s s e r t a k a d a r a i r d a l a m g r a n u l .
Gr a n u l y a n g t e l a h h o mo g e n u k u r a n n y a + Av i c e l PH 10 1 d i t a mb a h Mg St e a r a t k e mu d i a n g r a n u l d i c e t a k me n j a d i t a b l e t d e n g a n d i a me t e r 1 3 , 0 mm. d e n g a n b o b o t t e r t e n t u s e r t a t e k a n a n t e r t e n t u d a n k o n s t a n .
3 . 6 . Pe me r i k s a a n g r a n u l
3 . 6 . 1 . Pe me r i k s a a n a l i r a n g r a n u l
o
d e n g a n k et e n t u a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
Co r o n g g e l a s d e n g a n u k u r a n d i a me t e r a t a s
1 0 , 0 c m. t i n g g i k e r u c u t 8 , 0 c m. d i a me t e r
l u b a n g b a wa h 1 , 0 c m d a n p a n j a n g p i p a 2 , 5 c m.
Co r o n g d i p a s a n g 1 0 , 2 + 0 , 2 c m. di a t a s b i d a n g
d a t a r h i n g g a u j u n g p i p a c o r o n g b a g i a n b a wa h .
Se b a g a i p e n c a t a t wa k t u k e c e p a t a n a l i r d i g u n a k a n s t o p wa t c h .
3 . 6 . 1 . 1 . Ca r a me n g u k u r k e c e p a t a n a l i r a n g r a n u l ( 5, 6)
1 0 0 g b a h a n d i ma s u k k a n c o r o n g d e n g a n d a s a r l u b a n g y a n g d i t u t u p , wa k t u p e n g u k u r a n d i l a k u k a n p a d a s a a t l u b a n g c o r o n g d i b u k a s a mp a i s e l u r u h s e r b u k k e l u a r d a r i c o r o n g . Sa t u a n a l i r a n n y a d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m g / d e t i k .
g r a n u l ( g)
k e c e p a t a n at i r = -wa k t u y a n g d i p e r l u k a n
( d t . )
3 . 6 . 1 . 2 . Ca r a me n g u k u r s u d u t d i a m ( r e s p o s e - a n g l e ) ( 5, 6)
Pe n g u k u r a n s u d u t d i a m d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n c a r a : t i mb u n a n g r a n u l y a n g t e r b e n t u k s e t e l a h p e n g a l i r a n d i u k u r t i n g g i s e r t a j a r i - j a r i n y a l i n g k a r a n a l a s k e r u c u t .
d a n d i t i mb a n g ( w2 ) g r a m. Di l a k u k a n
p e n g e t u k a n s a mp a i 6 2 5 k e t u k a n , v o l u me
d i b a c a k e mu d i a n d i l a k u k a n p e n g e t u k a n
6 2 5 k e t u k a n l a g i d a n v o l u me d i b a c a .
Ap a b i l a t i d a k a d a p e r u b a h a n v o l u me
y a n g l e b i h b e s a r d a r i 2 ml . a t a u
d i d a p a t v o l u me y a n g k o n s t a n ma k a
v o l u me n y a l a n g s u n g d i b a c a . Bo b o t
j e n i s ma mp a t d a p a t d i k e t a h u i d e n g a n
r u mu s :
, b o b o t g r a n u l
JO
=-v o l u me ma mp a t
3 . 6 . 3 . Ko mp r e s i b i l i t a s ( 5)
Ko mp r e s i b i l i t a s d i h i t u n g u n t u k me n g e t a h u i k e ma mp u a n d a r i ma s i n g - ma s i n g g r a n u l y a n g
d i c e t a k . Q
f
'
-
f
Ko mp r e s i b i l i t a s = - - - x 1 0 0
%
P -
b o b o t j e n i s ma mp a t/ V
-
b o b o t j e n i s n y a t a3 . 6 . 4 . Pe n e t a p a n k a d a r a i r d a l a m g r a n u l ( Mo i s t u r e Co n t e n t ) ( 9)
3 . 7 . Pe n g u j i a n e f e kt i v i t a s p e n g i k a t
3 . 7 . 1 . Pe me r i k s a a n k e k e r a s a n t a b l e t ( 1 6 )
Pe me r i k s a a n k e k e r a s a n t a b l e t d i l a k u k a n
d e n g a n a l a t Er we k a Ha r d n e s s T e s t e r t y p e T8 2 4 ,
s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
Mu l a - mu l a s k a l a p a d a a l a t d i b u a t n o l , t a b l e t
d i l e t a k k a n p a d a t e mp a t y a n g t e r s e d i a d e n g a n
me mu t a r s e k r u p p a d a p o s i s i t a b l e t t e g a k l u r u s .
Ke mu d i a n s e k r u p y a n g l a i n a t a u p e mu t a r d a r i a l a t i t u d i p u t a r p e r l a h a n - l a h a n s a mp a i l a mp u d e n g a n t u l i s a n s t o p me n y a l a . I n i me n u n j u k k a n b a h wa t a b l e t s u d a h t i d a k b e r g e r a k l a g i d a n s i a p u n t u k d i u j i k e k e r a s a n n y a . Se t e l a h i t u t o mb o l d i t e k a n d a n s k a l a b e r g e r a k ' ke k a n a n d a r i a n g k a n o l ; p a d a s a a t t a b l e t p e c a h t o mb o l ma t i d a n s k a l a d i b a c a .
Ke k e r a s a n t a b l e t d a p a t d i l i h a t d a r i p e mb a c a a n t e r s e b u t y a n g d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m s a t u a n k i l o g r a m g a y a . Ke k u a t a n t a b l e t p a d a ma s i n g - ma s i n g f o r mu l a u n t u k t i a p - t i a p b a t c h d i t e n t u k a n s e b a n y a k 1 0 t a b l e t .
3 . 7 . 2 . Pe me r i k s a a n k e r a p u h a n t a b l e t ( 1 3 )
Pe me r i k s a a n k e r a p u h a n t a b l e t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n a l a t Er we k a F r i a b i l a t o r s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
s e c a r a h at i - h a t i ( j a n g a n s a mp a i r e t a k ) .
Ke d u a p u l u h t a b l e t t e r s e b u t k e mu d i a n d i t i mb a n g . Al a t d i p a s a n g d a n t a b l e t d i ma s u k k a n p e r l a h a n - l a h a n k e d a l a mn y a . Al a t d i p u t a r d e n g a n k e c e p a t a n 2 5 r p m s e l a ma 4 me n i t . T a b l e t d i - b e r s i h k a n d e n g a n k u a s s e k a l i l a g i , k e mu d i a n d i t i mb a n g d e n g a n k o n d i s i y a n g p e r s i s s a ma d e n g a n p e n i mb a n g a n s e mu l a . Ke k u r a n g a n b e r a t me n u n j u k k a n n i l a i k e r a p u h a n d a r i t a b l e t y a n g d i n y a t a k a n d e n g a n p e r s e n . Ke r a p u h a n t a b l e t y a n g d i p e r b o l e h k a n s e k i t a r 0 , 5 - 1
%
Ke r a p u h a n t a b l e t p a d a ma s i n g - ma s i n g f o r mu l a u n t u k t i a p - t i a p b a t c h d i t e n t u k a n s e b a n y a k 3 k a l i .
Se l a i n p e n g u j i a n e f e k t i v i t a s p e n g i k a t u n t u k me n g e t a h u i mu t u t a b l e t s e c a r a k e s e l u r u h a n , ma k a p e r l u l a k u k a n p e n g u j i a n me n g e n a i wa k t u h a n c u r , k e s e r a g a ma n -a n b o b o t , u k u r -a n t -a b l e t .
3 . 8 . Pe n g u j i a n mu t u t a b l e t
3 . 8 . 1 . Pe me r i k s a a n wa k t u h a n c u r t a b l e t ( 2 6 )
T a b l e t y a n g a k a n d i p e r i k s a d i ma s u k k a n s a t u p e r s a t u k e d a l a m ma s i n g - ma s i n g t a b u n g b a s k e t p a d a a l a t Er we k a De s i n t e g r a t o r , d i s u s u l d e n g a n c a k r a m p e n u n t u n . Ba s k e t d i ma s u k k a n k e d a l a m g e l a s y a n g b e r i s i a i r d e n g a n s u h u
o
