ABSTRAK
Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS) adalah media yang sangat dianjurkan untuk digunakan dalam pendidikan gizi guna mencegah anak dari kurang gizi. Hasil penelitian di beberapa negara menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak orang tua, khususnya ibu-ibu yang pengetahuannya tentang penggunaan KMS rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengunaan KMS Bubble Nilai terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan gizi ibu dan pertumbuhan anak.
Metode penelitian yang digunakanadalah Quasi Experimental Design dengan rancangan pre-test dan post-test non equivalent group design di dua kecamatan di Kabupaten Deli Serdang melibatkan 107 orang ibu (54 ibu pada kelompok intervensi dan 53 ibu kelompok kontrol). Intervensi pendidikan gizi dilaksanakan untuk mengajarkan ibu menggunakan KMS Bubble Nilai. Variabel perilaku gizi diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan formulir food recall digunakan untuk mengukur asupan kalori dan untuk mengukur berat badan anak digunakan dacin. Analisa statistik dilakukan dengan uji Qhi-square dan t- test independent.
Setelah intervensi terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perilaku gizi, asupan gizi dan pertumbuhan anak ; pengetahuan gizi tinggi (p<0,01; RR= 2,1), sikap positif (p<0,05; RR= 1,6 ) dan tindakan gizi baik (p<0,01; RR= 2,1). Penggunaan KMS Bubble Nilai signifikan meningkatkan asupan gizi (p<0,05) tetapi tidak mencapai angka kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan (AKG). Sedangkan dampaknya terhadap pertumbuhan anak hanya signifikan pada lima bulan pertama (p<0,05) sedangkan pada lima bulan kedua tidak signifikan (p>0,05).
KMS Bubble Nilai dan Jingle efektif meningkatkan perilaku gizi ibu, asupan kalori dan pola pertumbuhan anak, tetapi hanya pada lima bulan pertama. Implikasinya, tenaga gizi Puskesmas harus memiliki inovasi dan kreatifitas dalam menggunakan KMS WHO-2005 sebagai media penyuluhan gizi di Posyandu.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Growth chart is an essential tool in growth monitoring program for nutritional education to prevent malnutrition among children. Reports from several countries indicated poor use of growth chart by mothers and health workers. A simple and informative growth chart is currently needed to be used as educational tool for mothers to easily comprehend their children’s growth. The objective of study is to investigate the impact of nutrition education using bubble score chart on mothers’ knowledge, attitude, practise and child weight.
Materials and Methods. A Quasi Experimental Design with the design of pre-test and post-test non-equivalent group design was employed. The number of respondens involved was 107 mothers (54 mothnmers as intervention group and 53 mothers as control group). An intensive nutritional education to teach mothers on how to use bubble score chart. Mothers’ nutritional behavior were measured by questionnaires, a 24-hr dietary recall form was used to measure calorie intake and child weight were measured by dacin scale. Qhi-square and t-test independent were used for statistical analysis.
Results. After intervention there was significantly different of mothers’ nutritional behavior, child calorie intake and weight gain between intervention and control group. High knowledge (p< 0.01; Relative risk (RR) = 2.1, positive attitude (p< 0.01; RR =1.6) good practice (p< 0.01; RR = 2.1). Bubble score chart also significatnly improved calorie intake (p<0.05) but not met the recommended daily allowances and significantly affected the weight gain (p<0.05) at the first five month.
Conclusion. This study concluded that nutrition education using the Bubble Score Chart plus Jingle effectively increased mothers’ nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice, child calorie intake and child growth. Implication: Nuttition workers at PHC should have innovation and creativities in applying the new 2005-WHO growth chart in running nutrition education.
