MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE
USE OF INTERNATIONAL SEMI
ENCLOSED SEA, JAPAN SEA
Takafumi YOSHIDA and Jing ZHANG (Northwest Pacific Region Environmental Cooperation Center)
Akihiko MORIMOTO and Ryota SHIBANO (Ehime University)
Naoki HIROSE and Katsumi TAKAYAMA (Kyushu University)
Xinyu GUO, Naoki YOSHIE, Yucheng WANG and Taishi KUBOTA (Ehime University)
Characteristics of Japan Sea
2
Mid-long term
change
High nutrient input Japan Meteorological Agency
Strokal et.al 2014
Rise of sea surface temperature
Increase of nutrient input from China
Kuroshio Current
Taiwan Warm Current
CHINA
Winter cooling
JAPAN
RUSSIA
How to manage the coastal area
of Japan Sea?
•
First step
To understand impacts of the East China Sea and
climate change on Japan Sea, and its mechanisms
•
Second step
To consider the most appropriate adaptation
•
Final step
To propose management measures for sustainable use
of coastal area of Japan Sea
Research Method: Ecosystem Numerical Models
4
Studied by
Kyushu University Studied by
Ehime University
Characteristic
Detailed classification of phyto-zooplankton
Objective
Understanding response to change of nutrient condition
Studied by
Ehime University
Low trophic High trophic
Characteristic
Simplification of phyto-zooplankton data assimilation by DO
Objective
Forecasting long-term trend
Characteristic
Transportation of eggs and larvae and their survival under environmental and feed condition
Linking to low trophic level through zooplankton
Objective
Effective/efficient setting of MPAs
Sakurai, 2014
Konishi et al., 2011
Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus)
First step:
Understanding impacts from the East China Sea
5
Origin of nutrient
Ja
Spring Summer Autumn Winter
Ratio of three different sources of waters in the surface of Japan Sea Utilization ratio of three different sources of nutrient (N) Origin of sea water
Spring Summer Autumn Winter
First step:
Understanding environmental changes
in the past, present and the future
6
Scenario of climate change:
RCP8.5, RCP2.6
Scenario of nutrient input:
+2%, Stable
South-North water transfer
project
50 years ago Current 50 years later 100 years later
SST
DIN
Chlorophyll-a
First step:
Understanding mechanisms of response
of low and high trophic marine species
×10４ ×10７
Correlation coefficient: 0.77
40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
International Joint Monitoring
8
Regular monitoring
by each country Wide area monitoring
How to monitor impacts from the East China Sea and future
environmental changes?
Future environment
9
Dynamic MPA for Japanese Common Squid Dynamic MPA for Snow Crab
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
Dynamic MPA for sustainable use of fishery resources
Total number of eggs transported into Japan Sea
Total number of eggs from dynamic MPA
30-40%
Ratio of protected eggs/larvae by dynamic MPA
10
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
Land-Sea Integrated Management in local area
DREA MS_T
Coastal area of Japan Sea is strongly influenced by impacts from the East China Sea
How to manage the coastal area?
Toyama Bay:
Rich groundwater
Submarine groundwater discharge
Human control
11
Second step: Appropriate Adaptation
Land-Sea Integrated Management in local area
Management of groundwater on land
Snowfall
Decreasing Total snowfall
Use of groundwater
1977 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Increasing
Countermeasures: Usage restriction, groundwater recharge
Final step: Management measures
Three-layers management for sustainable use
of coastal area in Japan Sea
•
First layer (Wide area management)
International joint monitoring
Nutrient control in wide area
•
Second layer (Management in Japan Sea)
Dynamic MPA
•
Third layer (Local management)
Land-Sea Integrated management
12
Japan Sea
East China Sea
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