• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Saudariku, Apa yang Menghalangimu Berhijab

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Membagikan "Saudariku, Apa yang Menghalangimu Berhijab"

Copied!
32
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

6DXGDULNX

$SD\DQJPHQJKDODQJLPX

8QWXNEHUMLOEDE

$EGXO+DPLG$OELODO\

3HQHUMHPDK

$LQXO+DULV

(GLWRU

(2)

'DIWDU,VL

, 084$'',0$+

,, 6<8%+$''$16<$+:$7««««««««««

$ 6<8%+$7 3(57$0$ 0(1$+$1 *(-2/$. 6(.68$/«««««««««««««««««

%DQWDK «««««««««««««««« 'DWDVWDWLVWLN$PHULND«««««««««« 7DIVLUHPSLULVD\DW$O4XU¶DQ««««««« % 6<8%+$7.('8$%(/800$17$3

6LNDS\DQJGLDQXW««««««««««« FRQWRKGDULNHQ\DWDDQVHKDULKDUL««««« 8NKWLMDQJDQWHUMHUXPXVGDODPSHUWHQWDQJDQ 3HUWDQ\DDQEXDWXNKWL««««««««« :DKDL8NKWL««««««««««««« & 6<8%+$7.(7,*$,0$1,78/(7$.1<$',+$7,

6XPEHUV\XEKDW««««««««««« 'HILQLVL,PDQ«««««««««««« .HVHPSXUQDDQ,PDQ

' 6<8%+$7.((03$7$//$+%(/800(0%(5,.8 +,'$<$+

+LGD\DKGLODODK««««««««««««« +LGD\DKWDXILT««««««««««««« 3HUXPSDPDDQKLGD\DKWDXILT«««««««« &DULODKVHEDEVHEDEKLGD\DK«««««««« ( 6<8%+$7.(/,0$7$.877,'$./$.81,.$+

3HQLODLDQGDULVLVLWHRULGDVDU«««««««« 3HQLODLDQGDULVLVLHPSLULV

) 6<8%+$7.((1$0,$0$6,+%(/80'(:$6$ 1DVHKDWXQWXNSDUDZDOL«««««««««« 8QJNDSDQFLQWDXQWXNDQDNDQDNSXWUL«««« $SDNDKHQJNDXPHQMDPLQXPXUPXPDVLKSDQMDQJ * .,6$+± .,6$+1<$7$

(3)

.HVXGDKDQ\DQJEHUODZDQDQ«««««« 3HUMDODQDQ\DQJMDXK««««««««« + 6<8%+$7.(78-8+02'('$1%8.$1+,-$% , 68%+$7.('(/$3$10(1*+$/$1*,%(5+,$6

.LVDKQ\DWD««««««««««««« 3HUXPSDPDDQ««««««««««««« - 68%+$7 .(6(0%,/$1 +,-$% 0(1&,37$.$1

3(1*$1**85$1 6(%$*$,$1 6'0 0$6<$5$.$7««««««««««««««

. 68%+$7 .(6(38/8+ +,-$% %8.$1 )(120(1$ %8'$<$«««««««««««««««««

.HUDFXQDQ,VWLODK

3HQMDODVDQGDULVLVLHPSLULV

/ 6<8%+$7 .(6(%(/$6 25$1* 78$.8 '$1 68$0,.80(/$5$1*%(5+,-$%««««««« 0 .(6,038/$1

(4)

È¥

ö

·Âó¡ úgÂó¡

…¡

ö

084$'',0$+

@

¢ÿÇ ¢÷ Æèû

¢ÿìû¢ÿÁ´ç¢ øn˜ç

>

´'DQGHPLMLZDVHUWDSHQ\HPSXUQDDQQ\DFLSWDDQ\DPDND$OODK PHQJLOKDPNDQ NHSDGD MLZD LWX MDODQ NHIDVLNDQ GDQ NHWDNZDDQQ\Dµ $V\6\DPV

0DQXVLD GLFLSWDNDQROHK$OODKGHQJDQVDUDQDXQWXN PHQLWL MDODQNHEDLNDQGDQMDODQNHMDKDWDQ$OODKPHPHULQWDKNDQDJDUNLWD VDOLQJ EHUZDVLDW XQWXN PHQWDDWL NHEHQDUDQ VDOLQJ PHPEHUL QDVHKDW GL DQWDUD NLWD GDQ PHQMDGLNDQQ\D GL DQWDUD VLIDWVLIDW RUDQJ\DQJWHUKLQGDUGDULNHUXJLDQ

6HEDJDLPDQD GLVHEXWNDQ GDODP VXUDW $O ¶$VKU 5DVXOXOODK 6KDOODOODKX ¶DODLKL ZDVDOODP PHQMHODVNDQ EDKZD NHZDMLEDQ NLWD WHUKDGDSVHVDPDDGDODKVDOLQJPHQDVHKDWL%HOLDXEHUVDEGD

ú÷šm¡

§•Â÷

ú÷šm¡

´2UDQJPXNPLQDGDODKFHUPLQEDJLRUDQJPXNPLQODLQQ\Dµ>@

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

/HELKNKXVXVEXNXNDPLKDGLUNDQXQWXNVHJRORQJDQNDXP PXVOLPDK\DQJEHOXPPHQWDDWLSHULQWDKPHUKLMDE>@VHSHUWL\DQJ

(5)

GLSHULQWDKNDQV\DULDW%DLNNDUHQDEHOXPPHQJHWDKXLEDKZDKLMDE DGDODK ZDMLE DWDX NDUHQD WLGDN PDPSX PHODZDQ WLSX GD\D GDQ SHVRQD GXQLD NDUHQD WDNOXN GL KDGDSDQ QDIVX \DQJ VHQDQWLDVD PHPHULQWDKNDQNHEXUXNDQDWDXWXQGXNROHKELVLNDQVHWDQNDUHQD SHQJDUXK WHPDQ \DQJ WLGDN VXND NHSDGD NHEDLNDQ EDJL VHVDPD MHQLVQ\DDWDXNDUHQDDODVDQDODVDQ\DQJODLQ

.DPL PHPRKRQ NHSDGD $OODK VHPRJD XUDLDQ GDODP EXNX VHGHUKDQDLQLPHQMDGLSHPEXNDKDWL\DQJWHUNXQFLPHQJJHWDUNDQ SHUDVDDQ \DQJ WHUWLGXU VHKLQJJD ELVD PHQJHPEDOLNDQ VHJHQDS DNKDZDW \DQJ EHOXP PHQWDDWL SHULQWDK EHUKLMDE NHSDGD ILWUDK \DQJWHODKGLSHULQWDKNDQ$OODK7D·DOD

7LGDN OXSD NDPL PHQ\DPSDLNDQ WHULPDNDVLK \DQJ VHEHVDU EHVDUQ\D NHSDGD XVWDG]DK %DGUL\DK $O $]]D] DWDV EHUEDJDL NRUHNVLDQQ\D \DQJ DPDW EHUKDUJD WDUKDGDS QDVNDK LQL 6HPRJD $OODKPHPEHULWDXILNNHEHQDUDQGDQNHVXGDKDQKLGXS\DQJEDLN NHSDGDNLWD$PLQ

(6)

6<8%+$7'$16<$+:$7

6HWDQELVDPDVXNNHSDGDPDQXVLDPHODOXLGXDSLQWXXWDPD \DLWX V\XEKDW GGDQ V\DKZDW 6HRUDQJ WLGDN PHODNXNDQ VXDWX WLQGDNDQPDNVLDWNHFXDOLGDULGXDSLQWXWHUVHEXW'XDSHUNDUDLWX PHUXSDNDQ SHQJKDODQJ VHKLQJJD VHRUDQJ PXVOLP WLGDN PHQGDSDWNDQNHULGKDDQ$OODKPDVXNVXUJDGDQMDXKGDULQHUDND 'L EDZDK LQL DNDQ NLWD XUDLNDQ VHEDEVHEDE XWDPD GDUL V\XEKDW GDQV\DKZDW

$6<8%+$73(57$0$0(1$+$1*(-2/$.6(.68$/

6\XEKDWLQL PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD JHMRODN QDIVX VHNVXDO SDGD VHWLDSPDQXVLDDGDODKVDQJDWEHVDUGDQPHPEDKD\DNDQ,URQLQ\D EDKD\D LQL WLPEXO NHWLND QDIVX WHUVHEXW GLWDKDQ GDQ GLEHOHQJJX -LNDWHUXVPHQHUXVGLWHNDQLDELVDPHQJDNLEDWNDQOHGDNDQGDV\DW

+LMDEZDQLWDDNDQPH\HPEXQ\LNDQNHFDQWLNDQQ\DVHKLQJJD SDUD SHPXGD WHWDS EHUDGD GDODP JHMRODN QDIVX VHNVXDO \DQJ WHUWDKDQGDQKDPSLUPHOHGDNEDKNDQWHUNDGDQJWDNWHUWDKDQNDQ VHKLQJJD LD ODPSLDVNDQ GDODP EHQWXN WLQGDN SHUNRVDDQ DWDX SHOHFHKDQVHNVXDOODLQQ\D

6HEDJDL SHPHFDKDQ PDVDODK WHUVHEXW VDWXVDWXQ\D FDUD DGDODK PHPEHEDVNDQ ZDQLWD GDUL PHQJHQDNDQ KLMDE DJDU SDUD SHPXGD PHQGDSDWNDQ VHGLNLW QDIDV EDJL SHODPSLDVDQ QDIVX PHUHND \DQJ VHQDQWLDVD EHUJHMRODN GL GDODP 'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ KDVUDW PHUHND VHGLNLW ELVD WHUSHQXKL 6XDVDQD LWX ODOX DNDQ PHQJXUDQJL EDKD\D OHGDNDQ JHMRODN QDIVX \DQJ VHEHOXPQ\D WHUWDKDQGDQWHUWHNDQ

%$17$+$1

(7)

NHQ\DWDDQQ\D PHUHND MXVWUX PHQ\HEDENDQ EDKD\D \DQJ MDXK OHELKEHVDUEDJLPDV\DUDNDW\DLWXPHQ\HEDENDQWHUFHUDLEHUDLQ\D PDV\DUDNDW NHKDQFXUDQQ\D EDKNDQ EHUSXWDU VDPSDL VHUDWXV GHODSDQSXOXKGHUDMDWSDGDNHELQDVDDQ

6HDQGDLQ\DMDODQSHPHFDKDQ\DQJPHUHNDDMXNDQLWXEHQDU WHQWXDPHULND GDQ QHJDUDQHJDUD HURSD VHUWD QHJDUDQHJDUD \DQJ EHUNLEODW NHSDGD PHUHND DNDQ PHQMDGL QHJDUD \DQJ SDOLQJ NHFLO NDVXV SHUNRVDDQ GDQ NHNHUDVDQQ\D WHUKDGDS NDXP ZDQLWD GL GXQLDMXJDGDODPNDVXV²NDVXVNHMDKDWDQ\DQJODLQ

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´ $GXOWVRQO\µNKXVXVXQWXNRUDQJGHZDVD GL WHUPLQDOWHUPLQDO LQL DQDN DQDN FHSDW WXPEXK PDWDQJ GDODP KDO VHNVXDO VHEHOXP ZDNWXQ\D 6LDSD VDMD GHQJDQ PXGDK ELVD PHQ\HZD NDVHWNDVHW YLGHR ODOX PHPXWDUQ\D GL UXPDK DWDX ODQJVXQJPHQRQWRQQ\DGLWHPSDWSHQ\HZDDQ

5XPDKUXPDK ERUGLO EHUWDEXUDQ GLPDQDPDQD %DKNDQ GL VHEDJLDQ QHJDUD PHPDMDQJ SDUD ZDQLWD WXQD VXVLOD SHODFXU GL HWDODVHVHKLQJJDELVDGLOLKDWROHKSHPLQDWQ\DGDULOXDU

$SDNDK NHVXGDKDQ GDUL JD\D KLGXS \DQJ VHUED EROHKSHUPLVLILWX"DSDNDKNDVXVSHUNRVDDQVHPDNLQEHNXUDQJ" $SDNDK NHSXDVDQ PHUHND WHUSHQXKL VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ UDPDL PHUHND ELFDUDNDQ " DSDNDK SDUD ZDQLWD WHUSHOLKDUD GDUL EDKD\D EHVDULQL"

'$7$67$7,67,.$0,5,.$

(8)

LQLGLWXOLV´VHWLDSNDVXVSHUNRVDDQ\DQJDGDVHODOXGLODNXNDQGHQJDQ FDUD NHNHUDVDQ GDQ LWX WHUMDGL GL $PHULND VHWLDS HQDP PHQLW VHNDOLµ

'DWD LQL DGDODK \DQJ WHUMDGL SDGD WDKXQ \DQJ GL PDNVXG GHQJDQ NHNHUDVDQ GL VLQL DGDODK GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ VHQMDWD WDMDP

'DODPEXNX\DQJVDPDMXJDGLVHEXWNDQ

3DGDWDKXQGL$PHULNDWHUMDGLVHEDQ\DNSHUNRVDDQ 3DGDWDKXQGL$PHULNDWHUMDGLVHEDQ\DNSHUNRVDDQ 3DGDWDKXQGL$PHULNDWHUMDGLVHEDQ\DNSHUNRVDDQ 3DGDWDKXQGL$PHULNDWHUMDGLVHEDQ\DNSHUNRVDDQ 3DGDWDKXQGL$PHULNDWHUMDGLVHEDQ\DNSHUNRVDDQ

7$)6,5(03,5,6$<$7$/485·$1

'DWD VWDVWLN LQL MXJD GDWDGDWD VHMHQLV ODLQQ\D \DQJ GLQXNLO GDUL VXPEHUVXPEHU EHULWD \DQJ GDSDW GLSHUWDQJJXQJMDZDENDQ PHQXQMXNNDQ VHPDNLQ PHORQMDNQ\D WLQJNDW SHOHFHKDQ VHNVXDO GL QHJDUDQHJDUD WHUVHEXW 7LGDN ODLQ NHQ\DWDDQ LQL PHUXSDNDQ SHQDIVLUDQ HPSLULV VHFDUD Q\DWD GDQ GDODPSUDNWHNNHKLGXSDQVHKDULKDULGDULILUPDQ$OODK

@

ü¥

î

Ê

³¡

ʘOó òŒë

Ê

¦üó¡

¢

Š—

¢

î

Ê

óŠ¿

ú

Ê Ê

¦

¥¢Šô³

Ê

ú

Ê

÷ ú

Ê

Šôß

[

Ê

û¾

[

Ê

ü

÷šø’ó¡

Ê

”¢È

Ê

û

î

Ê

«¢

ú

Š¿š

¢ŠôŠç

ú’çÂà

ùŠ—

û½Š—

>

ÒÖ

£¡Ä·

¡ §Á

Ç

´ +DL 1DEL NDWDNDQODK NHSDGD LVWULLVWULPX DQDNDQDN SHUHPSXDQPX GDQ LVWULLVWUL RUDQJ PXNPLQ KHQGDNODK PHUHND PHQJXOXUNDQ MLOEDEQ\D NH VHOXUXK WXEXK PHUHND <DQJ GHPLNLDQ LWX VXSD\D PHUHND OHELK PXGDK XQWXN GLNHQDO NDUHQD LWX PHUHND WLGDN GLJDQJJX«$O$K]DE

6HEDEWXUXQQ\DD\DW² VHEDJDLPDQD\DQJGLVHEXWNDQROHK ,PDP 4XUWKXEL GDODP WDIVLUQ\D NDUHQD SDUD ZDQLWD ELDVD PHODNXNDQ EXDQJ EHVDU GL SDGDQJ WHUEXND VHEHOXP GLNHQDOQ\D NDNXVWHPSDWEXDQJDLUNKXVXVGDQWHUWXWXS'LDQWDUDPHUHND LWX GDSDW GLEHGDNDQ DQWDUD EXGDN GHQJDQ ZDQLWD PHUGHND 3HUEHGDDQ LWX ELVD GLNHQDOL \DNQL NDODX ZDQLWDZDQLWD PHUGHND PHUHNDPHQJJXQDNDQKLMDE'HQJDQEHJLWXSDUDSHPXGDHQJJDQ PHQJJDQJJXQ\D

(9)

GLJDQJJX ZDQLWD PXVOLPDK LWX EHUWHULDN VHKLQJJD ODNLODNL LWX SXQ NDEXU .HPXGLDQ PHUHND PHQJDGXNDQ SHULVWLZD WHUVHEXW NDSDGD1DELUVHKLQJJDWXUXQODKD\DWLQL>@

+DO LQL PHQHJDVNDQ ZDQLWD \DQJ PHPDPHUNDQ DXUDWQ\D GDQ PHPSHUWRQWRQNDQ NHFDQWLNDQQ\D GDQ NHPROHNDQ WXEXKQ\D NHSDGD VHWLDS RUDQJ \DQJ ODOX ODODQJ OHELK EHUSRWHQVL XQWXN GLJDQJJX 6HEDE GHQJDQ EHJLWX LD WHODK PHPEDQJNLWNDQ QDIVXVHNVXDO\DQJWHUSHQGDP

$GDSXQ ZDQLWD \DQJ EHUKLMDE PDND GLD VHQDQWLDVD PHQ\HPEXQ\LNDQ NHFDQWLNDQ GDQ SHUKLDVDQQ\D 7LGDN DGD \DQJ NHOLKDWDQ GDULSDGDQ\D VHODLQWHODSDN WDQJDQGDQ ZDMDKPHQXUXW VXDWX SHQGDSDW 'DQ SHQGDSDW ODLQ PHQJDWDNDQ WLGDN EROHK WHUOLKDWGDULSDGDZDQLWDWHUVHEXWVHODLQPDWDQ\DVDMD

6\DKZDWDSD\DQJELVDGLEDQJNLWNDQROHKZDQLWDEHUKLMDE LWX"LQVWLQNVHNVXDODSD\DQJELVDGLJHUDNNDQROHKVHRUDQJZDQLWD \DQJPHQXWXSUDSDWVHOXUXKWXEXKQ\DLWX"

$OODK PHQV\DULDWNDQ KLMDE DJDU PHQMDGL EHQWHQJ EDJL ZDQLWD GDUL JDQJJXDQRUDQJ ODLQ 6HEDE $OODK 7D·DOD PHQJHWDKXL EDKZD SDPHU DXUDW DNDQ PHQJDNLEDWNDQ VHPDNLQ EHUWDPEDKQ\D NDVXV SHOHFHKDQ VHNVXDO VHEDE SHUEXDWDQ WHUVHEXW PHPEDQJNLWNDQQDIVXVHNVXDO\DQJVHEHOXPQ\DWHQDQJ

.HSDGD PHUHND \DQJ PDVLK PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ GDQ PH\DNLQL NHEHQDUDQ V\XEKDW WHUVHEXW NLWD ELVD PHQ\DQJJDK NHVDODKDQPHUHNDPHODOXLHPSDWKDNLNDW

3HUWDPD EHUEDJDL GDWD VWDWLVWLN WHODK PHQGXVWDNDQ FDUD SHPHFDKDQ\DQJPHUHNDWDZDUNDQ

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

.HWLJD EDKZD \DQJ PHPEDQJNLWNDQQDIVXVHNVXDO ODNL ODNL DGDODK WDWNDO LD PHOLKDW NHFDQWLNDQ ZDQLWD EDLN ZDMDK DWDX

(10)

DQJJRWD WXEXK ODLQ \DQJ PHQJXQGDQJ V\DKZDW 6HVHRUDQJ WLGDN PXQJNLQ PHODZDQ ILWUDK \DQJ GLFLSWDNDQ $OODK NHFXDOL PHUHND \DQJ GLUDKPDWL $OODK VHKLQJJD ELVD PHPDGDPNDQ JHMRODN V\DKZDWQ\DWDWNDODPHOLKDWVHVXDWX\DQJPHPEDQJNLWNDQQ\D

.HHPSDWRUDQJ\DQJPHQJDNXELVDPHQGLDTQRVDQDIVX VHNVXDO \DQJ WHUWHNDQ GHQJDQ PHQJXPEDU SDQGDQJDQ PDWD NHSDGD ZDQLWD FDQWLN GDQ WHODQMDQJ VHKLQJJD QDIVXQ\D DNDQ WHUSXDVNDQ GDQ GHQJDQ GHPLNLDQ WLGDN PHQMXUXV NHSDGD SHUEXDWDQ\DQJOHELKMDXKPLVDOQ\D SHPHUNRVDDQDWDXSHOHFHKDQ VHNVXDOODLQQ\DPDND\DQJDGDKDQ\DDGDGXDNHPXQJNLQDQ

3HUWDPD RUDQJ LWX DGDODK ODNLODNL \DQJ WLGDN ELVD WHUEDQJNLWNDQQDIVXVHNVXDOQ\DPHVNLROHKJRGDDQV\DKZDW\DQJ EDJDLPDQDSXQ EHQWXN GDQ MHQLVQ\D LD WHUPDVXN NHORPSRN RUDQJ \DQJ GLNHELUL NDODPLQQ\D VHKLQJJD GHQJDQ FDUD DSDSXQ PHUHNDWLGDNDNDQPHUDVDNDQNHEHUDGDDQQDIVXQ\D

.HGXD ODNLODNL \DQJ OHPDK V\DKZDW DWDX LPSRWHQ $XUDW\DQJGLSDPHUNDQLWXWDNDNDQPHPSHQJDUXKLGLULQ\D

$SDNDK RUDQJ \DQJ PHPEHQDUNDQ V\XEKDW WHUVHEXW VHKLQJJD GLMDGLNDQQ\D MDODQ SHPHFDKDQ KHQGDN PHPDVXNNDQ NDXP ODNLODNL GDUL XPDW NLWD NHGDODP VDODK VDWX GDUL GXD JRORQJDQPDQXVLDOHPDKGLDWDV1DXG]XELOODKPLQG]DOLN

6<8%+$7.('8$%(/800$17$3

+DO LQL OHELK WHSDW GLJRORQJNDQ NHSDGD V\DKZDW GDQ PHQXUXWL KDZDQDIVXGDUL SDGD V\XEKDW -LNDVHRUDQJ XNKWL \DQJ EHOXP PHQWDDWL SHULQWDK EHUKLMDE GLWDQ\D PHQJDSD LD WLGDN PHQJHQDNDQ KLMDE " GL DQWDUDQ\D DGD \DQJ PHQMDZDE ´ 'HPL $OODKVD\DEHOXPPDQWDSGHQJDQEHUKLMDE-LNDVD\DWHODKPHUDVD PDQWDSGHQJDQQ\DVD\DDNDQEHUKLMDE,QV\D$OODKµ

8NKWL \DQJ EHUGDOLK GHQJDQ V\XEKDW LQL KHQGDNQ\D ELVD PHPEHGDNDQDQWDUDGXDKDO<DNQLDQWDUDSHULQWDK7XKDQGHQJDQ SHULQWDKPDQXVLD

-LNDSHULQWDKLWXGDWDQJQ\DGDULPDQXVLDPDNDPDQXVLD ELVD VDODK ELVD EHQDU ,PDP 0DOLN EHUNDWD ´GDQ VHWLDS RUDQJ ELVD GLWHULPD XFDSDQQ\D GDQ MXJD ELVD GLWRODN NHFXDOL SHUNDWDDQ RUDQJ \DQJ DGD GL GDODP NXEXUDQ LQLµ <DQJ GLPDNVXGNDQ DGDODK 5DVXOXOODK 6KDOODOODKXDODLKLZDVDOODP

(11)

KDO LQL VHWLDS RUDQJ ELVD EHUXFDS ´EHOXP PDQWDSµ GDQ LD WLGDN GLKXNXPNDUHQDQ\D

$GDSXQ MLND SHULQWDK LWX PHUXSDNDQ VDODK VDWX GDUL SHULQWDKSHULQWDK $OODK GHQJDQ NDWD ODLQ $OODK \DQJ PHPHULQWDKNDQ GL GDODP NLWDE1\D DWDX PHPHULQWDKNDQ KDO WHUVHEXW PHODOXL 1DEL1\D DJDU GLVDPSDLNDQ NHSDGD XPDWQ\D PDND WLGDN DGD WHPSDW EDJL PDQXVLD XQWXN PHQJDWDNDQ´ VD\D EHOXPPDQWDSµ

%LOD LD PDVLK PHQJDWDNDQ KDO LWX GHQJDQ SHQXK NH\DNLQDQSDGDKDOLDVHQGLULWDKXEDKZDSHULQWDKWHUVHEXWDGDGL GDODP NLWDE $OODK 7D·DOD PDND KDO WHUVHEXW EHUSRWHQVL XQWXN PHQ\HUHWQ\DNHSDGDEDKD\D\DQJOHELKVDQJDWEHVDU\DNQLNHOXDU GDUL DJDPD $OODK VHPHQWDUD GLD WLGDN PHQ\DGDULQ\D 6HEDE GHQJDQEHJLWXEHUDUWL LDWLGDNSHUFD\DGDQPHUDJXNDQNHEHQDUDQ SHULQWDK WHUVHEXW PDND LWX DGDODK XQJNDSDQ \DQJ VDQJDW EHUEDKD\D

6HDQGDLQ\DLDEHUNDWD´$NXZDQLWDNRWRUµDNXWDNNXDW PHODZDQ QDIVXNXµ ´ MLZDNX UDSXKµ $WDX KDVUDWNX XQWXN LWX VDQJDWOHPDKµWHQWXXQJNDSDQXQJNDSDQLQLGDQ\DQJVHMHQLVQ\D WLGDN ELVD GLVHMDMDUNDQ GHQJDQ XFDSDQ ´ $NX EHOXP PDQWDSµ VHEDEXQJNDSDQXQJNDSDQWHUVHEXWPHUXSDNDQSHQJDNXDQ DWDV NHOHPDKDQ NHVDODKDQ GDQ NHPDNVLDWDQ GLULQ\D LD WLGDN PHQJKXNXPL GHQJDQ VDODK DWDX EHQDU WHUKDGDS SHULQWDK ² SHULQWDK $OODK VHFDUD VHPDXQ\D MXJD WLGDN WHUPDVXN \DQJ PHQJDPELOSHULQWDK$OODKGDQPHQFDPSDNNDQ\DQJODLQ

$OODK<EHUILUPDQ

@

÷Š—

ú

Ê

÷ Œ§Â

Ê

¼’ó¡

ö Šó Šù

Œð

ùŠ—

¡Â÷Š—

þŒó

ÇÁ

þMôó¡

Ԋë

¡Š¿

Ê

›

Ç

¨ü

Ê

÷š÷

¢Šó

Ç

ú

Ê

÷šø

Ê

ó Šù¢Šï

¢÷

ö

Ê

ÿ

Ê

Â

¢ü

Ê

¦÷

¢†ó¢ŠôÓ

MòÓ

¾ŠìŠç

þŠó

ÇÁ

þMôó¡

Ê

Îà

ú÷

>

ÐÓ

£¡Ä·

¡ §Á

Ç

´ 7LGDNODK SDWXW EDJL ODNLODNL \DQJ PXNPLQ SXOD EDJL SHUHPSXDQ \DQJ PXNPLQDK DSDELOD $OODK GDQ 5DVXO1\D WHODK PHQHWDSNDQVHVXDWXNHWHWDSDQDNDQDGDEDJLPHUHNDSLOLKDQ\DQJODLQ WHQWDQJ XUXVDQ PHUHND 'DQ EDUDQJ VLDSD PHQGXUKDNDL $OODK GDQ 5DVXO1\D PDND VXQJJXKODK GLD WDODK VHVDW NHVHVDWDQ \DQJ Q\DWDµ $O $K]DE

6LNDS\DQJGLWXQWXW

(12)

SHQHWDSDQKXNXPGDULSDGDQ\DVHPHQWDUDGLDVDQJDWPLVNLQGDQ VDQJDW OHPDK ² PDND MLND WHODK GDWDQJ SHULQWDK $OODK WLGDN DGD ODJL SLOLKDQ EDJLQ\D NHFXDOL PHQWDDWL SHULQWDK WHUVHEXW .HWLND PHQGHQJDU SHULQWDK $OODK VHEDJDL VHRUDQJ PXNPLQ DWDX PXNPLQDK PHUHND ZDMLE PHQJDWDNDQ VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ GLNDWDNDQROHKRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHULPDQ

@

Z

Ê

Ðø’ó¡

î

Šó

Ê

›

¢ü¥Á

îû¡Â’èŒã

¢üàŠ×Š—

¢üà

Ê

øÇ

>

ÏÕÒ

§Âì¦ó¡

§Á

Ç

´.DPLGHQJDUGDQNDPL WDDWPHUHND EHUGR·D$PSXQLODK NDPL\D5REENDPLGDQNHSDGD(QJNDXODKNDPLNHPEDOLµ$O%DTDUDK

.HWLND $OODK PHPHULQWDKNDQ NLWD GHQJDQ VXDWX SHULQWDK 'LD 0DKD 0HQJHWDKXL EDKZD SHULQWDK LWX XQWXN NHEDLNDQNLWDGDQVDODKVDWXVHEDEEDJLWHUFDSDLQ\DNHEDKDJLDDQ NLWD 'HPLNLDQ SXOD KDOQ\D GHQJDQ NHWLND PHPHULQWDK ZDQLWD EHUKLMDE'LD0DKD0HQJHWDKXLEDKZDLDDGDODKVDODKVDWXVHEDE EDJLWHUFDSDLQ\DNHEDKDJLDDQNHPXOLDDQGDQNHDJXQJDQZDQLWD

$OODK 7D·DOD 0DKD 0HQJHWDKXL ,OPX1\D PHOLSXWL VHJDOD VHVXDWX PHQJHWDKXL VHMDN VHEHOXP PDQXVLD GLFLSWDNDQ MXJD PHQJHWDKXL DSD \DQJ DNDQ WHUMDGL GL PDVD PHQGDWDQJ GHQJDQWDQSDEDWDVPHQJHWDKXLDSD\DQJWLGDNDNDQWHUMDGLGDUL EHUEDJDL SHULVWLZD MXJD 'LD PHQJHWDKXL DQGDLNDWD SHULVWLZD WHUVHEXWWHUMDGLDSD\DQJWHUMDGLVHODQMXWQ\D

'HQJDQ NHSHUFD\DDQ VHSHUWL LQL \DQJ PHUXSDNDQ NH\DNLQDQ NLWD XPDW ,VODP DSDNDK SDWXW GDQ PDVXN DNDO NLWD PHQRODN SHULQWDK $OODK \DQJ 0DKD /XDV ,OPX1\D VHODQMXWQ\D NLWD PHQHULPD SHUNDWDDQ PDQXVLD \DQJ PHPLOLNL EDQ\DN NHNXUDQJDQGDQLOPXQ\DVDQJDWWHUEDWDV

&RQWRKGDULNHQ\DWDDQVHKDULKDUL

(13)

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

,URQLQ\DLQLODK\DQJWHUMDGLSDGDNLWDNDXPPXVOLPLQ EHWDSD EDQ\DN NDXP PXVOLPLQ \DQJ PHQXQWXW MDZDEDQ GDUL RUDQJ \DQJ WLGDN PHQJHWDKXLQ\D 6HEDJDLPDQD EHWDSD EDQ\DN GDUL NDODQJDQ NLWD \DQJ WLGDN PHPDKDPL EDKZD \DQJ GLPDNVXG NDWD ´,VODPµDGDODK PHQ\HUDK SDWXK GDQ WXQGXN VHFDUD WRWDO NHSDGDSHULQWDKSHULQWDK$OODKGDQODUDQJDQODUDQJDQ1\D

8NKWLMDQJDQWHUMHUXPXVSDGDSHUWHQWDQJDQ

7DWNDOD HQJNDX PHQDVHKDWL VHEDJLDQ XNKWL \DQJ EHOXP EHUKLMDE VHEDJLDQ PHUHND DGD \DQJ PHQMDZDE ´ VD\D MXJD VHRUDQJ PXVOLPDK VHODOX PHQMDJD VKDODW OLPD ZDNWX GDQ VHEDJLDQ VKDODW VXQQDK VD\D SXDVD 5DPDGKDQ GDQ WHODK PHODNXNDQ KDML EHUNDOLNDOL SXOD VD\D XPUDK DNWLI VHEDJDL GRQDWXUSDGDEHEHUDSD \D\DVDQVRVLDO WHWDSLVD\D EHOXP PDQWDS GHQJDQEHUKLMDEµ

SHUWDQ\DDQEXDW8NKWL

´.DODX PHPDQJ DQGD VXGDK GDQ VHODOX PHODNXNDQ DPDODQDPDODQ WHUSXML \DQJ EHUSDQJNDO GDUL LPDQ NHSDWXKDQ SDGD SHULQWDK $OODK VHUWD WDNXW VLNVD1\D MLND PHQLQJJDONDQ NHZDMLEDQNHZDMLEDQLWXPHQJDSDDQGDEHULPDQNHSDGDVHEDJLDQ GDQ WLGDN EHULPDQ NHSDGD VHEDJLDQ \DQJ ODLQ SDGDKDO VXPEHU SHULQWDKSHULQWDKLWXDGDODKVDWX"

VHEDJDLPDQDVKDODW\DQJVHODOXDQGDMDJDDGDODKVXDWX NHZDMLEDQ GHPLNLDQ MXJD KDOQ\D GHQJDQ KLMDE +LMDE LWX ZDMLE GDQNHZDMLEDQLWXWLGDNGLUDJXNDQDGDQ\DGDODP$O.LWDEGDQ$O 6XQQDK $WDX DSDNDK DQGD WLGDN SHUQDK PHQGHQJDU FHUFDDQ $OODK WHUKDGDS %DQL ,VUDLO NDUHQD PHUHND PHODNXNDQ VHEDJLDQ SHULQWDKGDQPHQLQJJDONDQVHEDJLDQ\DQJODLQ"

(14)

@

Ê

ç

Ä

Ê

» M

Ê

› öŒðü

Ê

÷ î

Ê

óŠ¿

Œòà’è

ú÷ ”¡Ä³

¢øŠç

Ç

Òà¦

Ê

¥ Šù

Œè’ð«

Ê

£¢¬

ð’ó¡

Ê

Ê

Òà¦

Ê

¥ Šù

ü

Ê

÷š¬ŠçŠ—

ˊ—

Šó

Ê

› Šù

½Â

Ê

¨÷¢

Ê

ì’ó¡

õ

¢

û¾ó¡

Ê

§¢

¸’ó¡

Šù

Œôøà« ¢øß

Ç

ò

Ê

ç¢ä

Ê

¥ þôó¡

¢÷

Ê

£¡ŠÀà’ó¡

¾

>

ÕÒ

§Âì¦ó¡

§Á

Ç

´$SDNDK NDPX EHULPDQ NHSDGD VHEDJLDQ $O .LWDE 7DXUDW GDQ LQJNDU NHSDGD VHEDJLDQ \DQJ ODLQ" 7LGDNNDK EDODVDQ EDJL RUDQJ RUDQJ \DQJ EHUEXDW GHPLNLDQ GDULSDGDPX PDODLQNDQ NHQLVWDDQ GDODP NHKLGXSDQGXQLDGDQSDGDKDULNLDPDWPHUHNDGLNHPEDOLNDQNHSDGDVLNVD \DQJVDQJDWSHGLK$OODKWLGDNOHQJDKGDULDSD\DQJNDPXSHUEXDWµ$O %DTDUDK

6HODQMXWQ\DUHQXQJNDQKDGLWVVKDKLKEHULNXWLQL

³Á

¨÷¢

ìó¡

õ

¢¥¡Àß

Á¢üó¡

òÿ—

ù

ÿ—

ù›

ôä

ù¢«Âf

þ

÷¾ë

Îh—

ôß

ÞÓ

« ò

öìøìó¢¥

ò³Âm¡

ôä

¢øï

þã¢÷½

¢ø ü÷

Á¢¼¦ó¡

ý¡

Á

ÎÎ

ÐÔÓ

꟢ëÂó¡

?

´ VHVXQJJXKQ\D SHQJKXQL QHUDND \DQJ SDOLQJ ULQJDQ VLNVDQ\DSDGDKDULNLDPDWDGDODKRUDQJ\DQJGLOHWDNNDQGLWHQJDKNHGXD WHODSDN NDNLQ\D GXD EDUD DSL GDUL GXD EDUD DSL LQL RWDNQ\D PHQGLGLK VHEDJDLPDQDSHULXN\DQJPHQGLGLKGDODPEHMDQDEHVDU\DQJGLSDQJJDQJ GDODPNREDUDQDSL

-LND VHSHUWL LQL DG]DE \DQJ SDOLQJ ULQJDQ SDGD KDUL NLDPDW ODOX EDJDLPDQD DG]DE EDJL RUDQJ \DQJ GLDQFDP ROHK $OODK GHQJDQ DG]DE \DQJ DPDW SHGLK VHEDJDLPDQD GLVHEXWNDQ GDODP D\DW LQL <DNQL EDJL RUDQJ \DQJ EHULPDQ NHSDGD VHEDJLDQ D\DWGDQPHQLQJJDONDQVHEDJLDQ\DQJODLQ"

:DKDL8NKWL«

DSDNDK KDQ\D GHPL SHQDPSLODQ NDEDQJJDDQ GDQ VDOLQJ XQJJXOPHQJXQJJXOL GL GXQLD ODOX DQGD UHOD PHQMXDO DNKHUDWGDQVLDSPHQHULPDDG]DE\DQJSHGLK"

(15)

&6<8%+$7.(7,*$,0$1,78/(7$.1<$',+$7, -LND VHRUDQJ GL DQWDUD PHUHND GLWDQ\D PHQJDSD GLD WLGDN EHUKLMDE " 0DNDXNKWL \DQJ WHUKRUPDWLQL DNDQPHQMDZDE ´$K LPDQLWXOHWDNQ\DGLKDWLµ

,QLDGDODKMDZDEDQ\DQJSDOLQJVHULQJGLORQWDUNDQROHKSDUD ZDQLWD PXVOLPDK \DQJ EHOXP EHUKLMDE .DUHQD LWX GL EDZDK LQL DNDQNLWDEDKDVV\XEKDWWHUVHEXW

6XPEHUV\XEKDW

0HUHND EHUXVDKD PHQDIVLUNDQ VHEDJLDQ KDGLVW WHWDSL WLGDN VHVXDL GHQJDQ \DQJ GLPDNVXGNDQ VHSHUWL GDODP VDEGD 1DEL 6KDOODOODKX¶DODLKLZDVDOODP

öïÁ

Ï D›

ÂÜü

…¡

ù›

öðó¢øߗ

öð¥

ôë

ÂÜü

úðó

öðó¡

÷—

öôÈ÷

ý¡

Á

ÏÒÓÏ

´6HVXQJJXKQ\D$OODKWLGDNPHOLKDWSDGDEHQWXNEHQWXNODKLULDK GDQ KDUWD NHND\DDQPX WHWDSL 'LD PHOLKDW SDGD KDWL GDQ DPDOPX VHNDOLDQµ+50XVOLP1RGDUL$EX+XUDLUDK

SHQJDUDQJ NLWDE 1X]KDWXO 0XWWDTLQ EHUNDWD ´+DGLWV LQL PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD SDKDOD DPDO WHUJDQWXQJ SDGD NHLNKODVDQ KDWL NHOXUXVDQ QLDW SHUKDWLDQWHUKDGDS VLWXDVL KDWL SHOHPSDQJDQ WXMXDQGDQNHEHUVLKDQKDWLGDULVHJDODVLIDWWHUFHOD\DQJGLPXUNDL $OODK>@

'HYLQLVL,PDQ

,PDQWLGDNFXNXSKDQ\DGDODPKDWL,PDQGDODPKDWLVHPDWD WLGDN FXNXS XQWXN PHQ\HODPDWNDQ GLUL GDUL QHUDND GDQ PHQGDSDWNDQVXUJD

'HYLQLVL LPDQ PHQXUXW MXPKXU XODPD $KOXV 6XQQDK :DO -DPD·DK DGDODK ´ .H\DNLQDQ GDODP KDWL SHQJXFDSDQ GHQJDQ OLVDQ GDQ SHODNVDQDDQ GHQJDQ DQJJRWD EDGDQµ 'HYLQLVL LQL WHUGDSDW GDODP VHWLDS EXNX DTLGDKWDXKLG NHFXDOL EXNXEXNX \DQJ PHQ\LPSDQJ GDQ WLGDN EHUGDVDUNDQ PDQKDM PHWKRGH $KOXV6XQQDK:DO-DPDDK

.HVHPSXUQDDQ,PDQ

(16)

'DODP 7DVKDZZXUJDPEDUDQNLWDRUDQJ\DQJPHQJDWDNDQ LPDQ GHQJDQ OLGDKQ\D WHWDSL WLGDN GLVHUWDL GHQJDQ NH\DNLQDQ KDWLQ\DLWXDGDODKNHDGDDQRUDQJRUDQJPXQDILN'HPLNLDQSXOD RUDQJ\DQJEHUDPDOKDQ\DVHEDWDVDNWLYLWDVWXEXKDQJJRWDEDGDQ WHWDSL WLGDN GLVHUWDL NH\DNLQDQ KDWL LWX PHUXSDNDQ NHDGDDQ RUDQJRUDQJPXQDILN

3DGD PDVD 1DEL 6KDOODOODKX ¶DODLKL ZDVDOODP PHUHND VHQDQWLDVD VKDODW EHUVDPD EHOLDX EHUSHUDQJ PHQJHOXDUNDQ QDINDKSXODQJ SHUJL EHUVDPD NDXP PXVOLPLQ WHWDSL KDWL PHUHND WLGDNSHUQDKEHULPDQNHSDGDDJDPD$OODK.HSDGDPHUHND$OODK PHQJKXNXPL VHEDJDL RUDQJRUDQJ PXQDILN GDQ EDODVDQ XQWXN PHUHNDDGDODKEHUDGDGLNHUDNQHUDNDGDVDUQHUDND

'HPLNLDQ SXOD RUDQJ \DQJ EHULPDQ KDQ\D GHQJDQ KDWLQ\D WDSLWLGDNGLVHUWDLDPDODQDQJJRWDEDGDQ,QLDGDODKNHDGDDQ,EOLV 'LDSHUFD\DSDGDNHNXDVDDQ$OODK']DW\DQJPHQJKLGXSNDQGDQ PHPDWLNDQGLDMXJDSHUFD\DWHUKDGDSDGDQ\DKDULNLDPDWWHWDSL GLDWLGDNEHUDPDOGHQJDQDQJJRWDWXEXKQ\D$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

úÊÂÊ碊ð’ó¡úÊ÷ Šù¢Šï ¦’ð¬Ç¡ ¥Š—

>

ÐÑ

§Âì¦ó¡§ÁÇ

´ ,D ,EOLV HQJJDQ GDQ WDNDEEXU GDQ DGDODK GLD WHUPDVXN JRORQJDQRUDQJRUDQJNDILUµ$O%DTDUDK

'DODP$/4XU·DQVHWLDSNDOLGLVHEXWNDQNDWDLPDQVHODOX GLVHUWDLGHQJDQDPDOVHSHUWL

´2UDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHULPDQGDQEHUDPDOVKDOHK«µ

$PDO VHODOX EHULULQJDQ GDQ PHUXSDNDQ NRQVHNXHQVL LPDQ NHGXDQ\DWLGDNGDSDWGLSLVDKSLVDKNDQ

.HSDGDXNKWL\DQJEHOXPEHUKLMDEGHQJDQDODVDQ,PDQLWX OHWDNQ\DGDODPKDWLµNDPLKHQGDNEHUWDQ\D´$QGDLNDWDVHRUDQJ NHSDOD VHNRODK PHPLQWDQ\D PHPEXDW ODSRUDQ DWDX PHQJDZDVL PXULGPXULG DWDX PHPEHUL SHODMDUDQ HNVWUD NXULNXOHU DWDX PHQMDGL SHWXJDV SLNHW XQWXN PHQMDGL JXUX \DQJ EHUKDODQJDQ KDGLUDWDXSHNHUMDDQODLQORJLVODKNDKMLNDLDPHQMDZDE´'DODP KDWLVD\DSHUFD\DGDQEHOXPPDQWDSWHUKDGDSDSD\DQJGLPLQWD ROHKGLUHNWXUNHSDGDNXWHWDSLDNXWLGDNPDXPHODNVDQDNDQ\DQJ GLNHKHQGDNLQ\D GDULNXµ $SDNDK MDZDEDQ LQL ELVD GLWHULPD" /DOX DSDDNLEDW\DQJEDNDOPHQLPSDQ\D"

(17)

'6<8%+$7 .((03$7 $//$+ %(/80 0(0%(5,.8 +,'$<$+

3DGD DNKDZDW \DQJ WLGDN EHUKLMDE EDQ\DN \DQJ EHUGDOLK $OODK EHOXP PHPEHULNX KLGD\DK 6HEHQDUQ\D DNX MXJD LQJLQ EHUKLMDE WHWDSL KHQGDN EDJDLPDQD MLND VDDW LQL $OODK EHOXP PHPEHULNX KLGD\DK " GR·DNDQODK DNX DJDU VHJHUD PHQGDSDW KLGD\DKµ

8NKWL \DQJ EHUGDOLK VHSHUWL LQL WHODK WHUSHURVRN GDODP NHNHOLUXDQ\DQJQ\DWD.DPLLQJLQEHUWDQ\D´EDJDLPDQDHQJNDX PHQJHWDKXLEDKZD$OODKEHOXPPHPEHULPXKLGD\DKµ"

-LND MDZDEDQQ\D ´ $NX WDKXµ PDND DGD VDWX GDUL GXD NHPXQJNLQDQ

3HUWDPD GLD PHQJHWDKXL LOPX JKDLE \DQJ DGD GL GDODP NLWDE \DQJ WHUVHPEXQ\L ODXKXO PDKIXG] 'LD SDVWL SXOD WDKX EDKZD GLULQ\D WHUPDVXN RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ FHODND GDQ EDNDO PDVXNQHUDND

.HGXD DGD PDNKOXN ODLQ \DQJ PHQJDEDUNDQ SDGDQ\D WHQWDQJ QDVLE GLULQ\D EDKZD GLD WLGDN WHUPDVXN ZDQLWD \DQJ PHQGDSDWNDQ KLGD\DK %LVD MDGL \DQJ PHPEHUL WDKX LWX PDODLNDW DWDXSXQPDQXVLD

-LND NHGXD MDZDEDQ LWX WLGDN PXQJNLQ DGDQ\D EDJDLPDQD HQJNDXPHQJHWDKXLEDKZD $OODKEHOXPPHPEHULPXKLGD\DK"LQL VDWXPDVDODK

0DVDODK ODLQ DGDODK $OODK WHODK PHQHUDQJNDQ GDODP .LWDE1\D EDKZD KLGD\DK LWX DGD GXD PDFDP 0DVLQJPDVLQJ DGDODKKLGD\DKGLODODKGDQKLGD\DKWDXILT

+,'$<$+',/$/$+

,QLDGDODKELPELQJDQDWDXSHWXQMXNSDGDNHEHQDUDQGDODP KLGD\DK LQL WHUGDSDW FDPSXU WDQJDQ GDQ XVDKD PDQXVLD GL VDPSLQJ KLGD\DK $OODK GDQ ELPELQJDQ 5DVXO1\D $OODK WHODK PHQXQMXNNDQ MDODQ NHEHQDUDQ NHSDGD PDQXVLD \DQJ PXNDOODI MXJD GLD WHODK PHQXQMXNNDQ MDODQ NHEDWLODQ \DQJ PHQ\LPSDQJ GDUL SHWXQMXN SDUD UDVXO GDQ .LWDE1\D 3DUD UDVXOSXQ WDODK PHQHUDQJNDQ MDODQ LQL NHSDGD NDXPQ\D %HJLWX SXOD SDUD GD·L 0UHNDVHPXDPHQHUDQJNDQMDODQLQLNHSDGDPDQXVLDMDGLVHPXD LNXWDPELOEDJLDQGDODPKLGD\DKLQL

(18)

+LGD\DK LQL KDQ\D PLOLN $OODK VHPDWD WLGDN DGD VHNXWX EDJLQ\DGDODPSHPEHULKLGD\DKWDXILTLQL,DEHUXSDSHQHJXKDQ NHEHQDUDQGDODPKDWLSHQMDJDDQGDULSHQ\LPSDQJDQSHUWRORQJDQ DJDU WHWDS PHQLWL GDQ WHJXK GL MDODQ NHEHQDUDQ SHQGRURQJ SDGD NHFLQWDDQ LPDQ 3HQGRURQJ SDGD NHEHQFLDQ WHUKDGDS NHNXIXUDQ NHIDVLNDQGDQNHPDNVLDWDQ

+LGD\DK WDXILT GLEHULNDQ NHSDGD RUDQJ \DQJ PHPHQXKL SDQJJLODQ$OODKGDQPHQJLNXWLSHWXQMXN1\D

-HQLV KLGD\DK LQL GDWDQJ VHVXGDK KLGD\DK GLODODK VHMDN DZDO GHQJDQ WLGDN SLOLK NDVLK $OODK PHPSHUOLKDWNDQ NHEHQDUDQ NHSDGDVHPXDPDQXVLD$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

¾ ’ó¡

Šôß

øà’ó¡

¡

¦¸¬Ç¢Šç

öÿ¢ü

¾ Šç ½

øŠ¯

¢÷Š—

>

ÎÔ

ªôÐç

§Á

Ç

´ 'DQ DGDSXQ NDXP 7VDPXG PDND PHUHND WHODK NDPL EHUL SHWXQMXN WHWDSL PHUHND OHELK PHQ\XNDL EXWD NHVHVDWDQ GDULSDGD SHWXQMXNLWX«µ)XVKLVKLODW

'DQXQWXNLWX$OODKPHQFLSWDNDQSRWHQVLGDODPGLULVHWLDS RUDQJ PXNDOODI XQWXN PHPLOLK DQWDUD MDODQ NHEHQDUDQ GDQ MDODQ NHEDWLODQ-LNDGLDPHPLOLKMDODQNHEHQDUDQPHQXUXWNHPDXDQQ\D VHQGLUL PDND KLGD\DK WDXILT DNDQ GDWDQJ NHSDGDQ\D $OODK EHUILUPDQ

@

Ê

ÀMó¡

öÿ¡

’ì« öÿ¢«•

¾ÿ öÿ½¡Ã

¡

¾¬ÿ¡

ú

>

ÎÔ

¾øp

§Á

Ç

´'DQ RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHODNXNDQ SHWXQMXN $OODK DNDQ PHQDPEDK SHWXQMXN NHSDGD PHUHND GDQ PHPEHULNDQ NHSDGD PHUHND EDODVDQNHWDNZDDQQ\Dµ0XKDPPDGD

-LND GLD PHPLOLK NHEDWLODQ PHQXUXW NHPDXDQQ\D VHQGLUL PDND $OODK DNDQ PHQDPEDKNDQ NHVHVDWDQ SDGDQ\D GDQ 'LD PHQJKDUDPNDQQ\DPHQGDSDWKLGD\DKWDXILT$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

¡¾÷

úø·Âó¡

þŠó

½¾ø

’ôŠç

Ê

¨Šó¢ŠôÔó¡

Ê

ç Šù¢Šï

ú÷

՘Α

>

ÔÒ

IÂ÷

§Á

Ç

´ .DWDNDQODK EDUDQJ VLDSD \DQJ EHUDGD GDODP NHVHVDWDQ PDND ELDUODK']DW \DQJ0DKD3HPXUDKPHQDPEDKLEDJLQ\D>NHVHVDWDQ@«µ 0DU\DP

@

ö

ôë

…¡

á¡Ã—

¡

ã¡Ã

¢øôç

(19)

´«0DND WDWNDOD PHUHND EHUSDOLQJ GDUL NHEHQDUDQ $OODK PHPDOLQJNDQKDWLPHUHNDµ$VK6KDI

3(5803$0$$1+,'$<$+7$8),4

6\DLNK$V\6\D·UDZLPHPEHULNDQSHUXPSDPDDQ\DQJDPDW PHQJHQDWHQWDQJKLGD\DKWDXILTLQLGDQLWXPHUXSDNDQVXQQDWXOODK

EHOLDX PHQJXSDPDNDQ GHQJDQ VHVHRUDQJ \DQJ PHQDQ\DNDQ VXDWX DODPDW 2UDQJ LWX SHUJL NH SROLVL ODOX OLQWDV XQWXN PHQDQ\DNDQ DODPDW WHUVHEXW /DOX SROLVL PHQ\DUDQNDQ ´ DQGD ELVDEHUMDODQOXUXVVHSDQMDQJMDODQLQLVDPSDLGLSHUHPSDWDQDQGD EHORN NH NDQDQ VHODQMXWQ\D DGD JDQJ DQGD EHORN NH NLUL GL VLWX DQGD PHQGDSDWNDQ MDODQ UD\D 'L VHEHUDQJ MDODQ UD\D WHUVHEXW DNDQ WHUOLKDW JHGXQJ GHQJDQ SDPSOHW EHVDU LWXODK DODPDW \DQJ DQGDFDULµ

2UDQJ WHUVHEXW GLKDGDSNDQ SDGD GXD SLOLKDQ SHUFD\D NHSDGD SHWXQMXN SROLVL DWDX PHQGXVWDNDQQ\D -LND SHUFD\D SDGD SROLVL LD DNDQ VHJHUD EHUDQMDN PHQJLNXWL SHWXQMXN \DQJ GLWHULPDQ\D -LND EHUMDODQ WHUXV VHVXDL GHQJDQ SHWXQMXN SROLVL LD DNDQVHPDNLQGHNDWGHQJDQWHPSDWGDQDODPDW\DQJLDLQJLQNDQ

-LND GLD WLGDN PHPHSHUFD\DL VDUDQ SROLVL LWX EDKNDQ PDODK PHQJXPSDWQ\D VHEDJDL SHQGXVWD VHKLQJJD LD EHUMDODQ PHQXMX DUDK \DQJ EHUODZDQDQ PDND VHPDNLQ MDXK GLD EHUMDODQ VHPDNLQ MDXK SXOD NHVHVDWDQQ\D ,WXODK SHUXPSDPDDQ SHWXQMXN GDQ NHVHVDWDQ

,QL PHUXSDNDQ SHUXPSDPDDQ \DQJ WHSDW XQWXN PHQGHNDWNDQ SHQJHUWLDQ VXQQDWXOODK LQL 6LDSD \DQJ PHPLOLK NHEHQDUDQPDND$OODKDNDQPHQRORQJGDQPHQHJXKNDQQ\DGDQ VLDSD \DQJ PHPLOLK NHEDWLODQ $OODK DNDQ PHQ\HVDWNDQQ\D GDQ PHPELDUNDQQ\DEHUVDPDVHWDQ\DQJPHQ\HUWDLQ\D

&$5,/$+ 6(%$%6(%$% +,'$<$+ 1,6&$<$ $1'$ 0(1'$3$7.$11<$

,WXODKVXQQDWXOODK\DQJ EHUODNX SDGD VHPXD PDNKOXN1\D $OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

¢†ô

Ê

¸«

Ê

þMôó¡

Ê

ªüÈ

Ê

ó ¾

Ê

´«

úŠó

¢†ô

Ê

¾¦«

Ê

þMôó¡

Ê

ªüÈ

Ê

ó ¾

Ê

´«

úŠôŠç

>

ÑÐ

¡Â×¢ç

§Á

Ç

(20)

´«0DNDVHNDOLNDOLNDPXWLGDNDNDQPHQGDSDWSHQJJDQWLDQEDJL VXQQDK$OODKGDQVHNDOLNDOLWLGDNSXODDNDQPHQHPXLSHQ\LPSDQJDQ EDJLVXQQDK$OODKµ$O)DWKLU

$GDSXQ VXQQDWXOODK GDODP SHUXEDKDQ QDVLE KDQ\D DNDQ WHUMDGL MLND PDQXVLD PHPXODL GHQJDQ PHQJXEDK WHUOHELK GDKXOX GLULQ\D VHQGLUL ODOX PHQJXSD\DNDQ VHEDEVHEDE SHUXEDKDQ \DQJ GLPDNVXGQ\D$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

¥ ¢÷Zä …¡ù›

ö Èèû˜¥¢÷ ¡ZäU·õì

>

´ 6HVXQJJXKQD $OODK WLGDN PHQJXEDK NHDGDDQ VXDWX NDXP VHKLQJJDPHUHNDPHQJXEDKNHDGDDQ\DQJDGDSDGDGLULPHUHNDVHQGLULµ $U5D·DG

0DND RUDQJ \DQJ PHQJLQJLQNDQ KLGD\DK VHUWD PHQJKHQGDNL DJDU RUDQJ ODLQ PHQGR·DNDQ GLULQ\D DJDU PHQGDSDWNDQQ\D LD KDUXV EHUXVDKD NHUDV GHQJDQ VHEDEVHEDE \DQJELVDPHQJKDQWDUNDQQ\DPHQGDSDWKLGD\DKWHUVHEXW

'DODPKDOLQLWHUGDSDWWHODGDQ\DQJEDLNSDGDGLUL0DU\DP VXDWX KDUL GLD DPDW PHPEXWXKNDQ PDNDQDQ 3DGDKDO NHWLND LWX LD GDODP NRQGLVL \DQJ VDQJDW OHPDK VHSHUWL \DQJ ELDVD WHUMDGL SDGDZDQLWD\DQJKHQGDNPHODKLUNDQ/DOX$OODKPHPHULQWDKNDQ SDGDQ\D XQWXN PHODNXNDQ VXDWX XVDKD \DQJ RUDQJ ODNLODNL SDOLQJNXDWVHNDOLSXQWLGDNDNDQPDPSXPHODNXNDQQ\D0DU\DP GLPLQWDXQWXNPHQJJR\DQJQJJR\DQJNDQSDQJNDOSRKRQNRUPD PHVNLSXQSDQJNDOSRKRQNRUPDLWXVDQJDWNRNRKGDQVXOLWXQWXN GLJR\DQJJR\DQJNDQ$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

Ê

¨Šô¼üó¡

Ê

ݒ
Ê

´

Ê

¥

Ê

î

Šó

Ê

›

Äÿ

>

´'DQJR\DQJODKSDQJNDOSRKRQNRUPDLWX««0DU\DP

(21)

@

¢

Ê

ü³

¢¦Š×Á

Ê

î

Šôß

’Ö

Ê

ë¢È«

>

ÏÒ

IÂ÷

§Á

Ç

´ 3RKRQ LWX DNDQ PHQJJXJXUNDQ EXDK NRUPD \DQJ PDVDN NHSDGDPXµ0DU\DP

,QLODK VXQQDWXOODK GDODP SHUXEDKDQ 7LGDN PXQJNLQ RUDQJ PXNPLQ WHUXV PHQHUXV GL GDODP PDVMLG EDKNDQ PHVNLSXQ GL 0DVMLGLO +DUDP GHQJDQ KDQ\D GXGXN GDQ EHULEDGDK NHSDGD $OODKVHUD\DPHQJKDUDSUL]NLGDUL$OODK7HQWX$OODKWLGDNDNDQ PHQJDEXONDQQ\D WDQSD GLD VHQGLUL PHQFDUL VHEDEVHEDE UH]NL WHUVHEXW ODQJLW WDN PXQJNLQ VHNRQ\RQJNRQ\RQJ PHQXUXQNDQ KXMDQHPDVGDQSHUDN

.DUHQD LWX ZDKDL XNKWL EHUXVDKDODK PHQGDSDWNDQ VHEDE VHEDE KLGD\DK QLVFD\D DQGD PHQGDSDWNDQ KLGD\DK WHUVHEXW GHQJDQ L]LQ $OODK 'L DQWDUD XVDKD LWX DGDODK EHUGR·D DJDU PHQGDSDWNDQ KLGD\DK PHPLOLK WHPDQ \DQJ VKDOLKDK VHODOX PHPEDFD PHPSHODMDUL GDQ PHUHQXQJNDQ NLWDE $OODK PHQJLNXWL PDMOLVPDMOLV G]LNLU GDQ FHUDPDK DJDPD PHPEDFD EXNXEXNX WHQWDQJNHLPDQDQGDQVHEDJDLQ\D

7HWDSL VHEHOXP PHODNXNDQ VHPXD LWX KHQGDNQ\D WHUOHELK GDKXOX HQJNDX PHQLQJJDONDQ KDOKDO \DQJ ELVD PHQMDXKNDQPX GDUL MDODQ KLGD\DK 6HSHUWL WHPDQ \DQJ WLGDN EDLN PHPEDFD PDMDODKPDMDODK \DQJ WLGDN PHQGLGLN PHQ\DNVLNDQ WD\DQJDQ WD\DQJDQ WHOHYLVL \DQJ PHPEDQJNLWNDQ SHUEXDWDQ KDUDP EHSHUJLDQ WDQSD GLVHUWDL PDKUDP PHQMDOLQ KXEXQJDQ GHQJDQ SDUD SHPXGD SDFDUDQ GDQ KDOKDO ODLQ \DQJ EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQMDODQKLGD\DK

(6<8%+$7.(/,0$7$.877,'$./$.81,.$+

6HEDJLDQDNKDZDW\DQJWLGDNEHUKLMDEEHUGDOLKGHQJDQWDNXW WLGDNODNXQLNDK

(22)

,URQLQ\D NHSHUFD\DDQ LQL WLGDN KDQ\D GLPRQRSROL SDUD DNKDZDWWHWDSLMXJDPHUXSDNDQNHSHUFD\DDQSDUDRUDQJWXDSDGD DNKLUQ\D PHUHND PHODUDQJ DQDNDQDN SXWULQ\D PHPDNDL KLMDE 6\XEKDWLQLWLGDNELVDGLWHULPDOHZDW GXDDODVDQPHQGDVDU

3HQLODLDQGDULVLVLWHRULGDVDU

0HVNLSXQ NHFDQWLNDQ PHUXSDNDQ VDODK VDWX VHEDE SDOLQJ SRNRN GDODP SHUQLNDKDQ WHWDSL LD EXNDQ VDWXVDWXQ\D VHEDE GLQLNDKLQ\DZDQLWD5DVXOXOODKUEHUVDEGD

Þ¥Á

§—Âm¡

¶ðü«

¢n¢m

¢ ¦Èk

í¡¾

ª¥Â«

ú

¾ó¡

©¡À¥

ÂèÛ¢ç



¢ ü

¾ó



¢n¢øj

Á¢¼¦ó¡

ý¡

Á

Ö

ÎÎÒ

µ¢ðüó¡

?

´ :DQLWD GLQLNDKL LWX NDUHQD HPSDW KDO <DLWX NDUHQD KDUWD NHWXUXQDQ NHFDQWLNDQ GDQ DJDPDQ\D 'DSDWNDQODK ZDQLWD \DQJ EHUSHJDQJ WHJXK GHQJDQ DJDPD MLND WLGDN QLVFD\D NHGXD WDQJDQPX EHUOXPXUGHEXµ

0HPDQJ GHPLNLDQ \DQJ WHUMDGL NDXP ODNLODNL WLGDN KDQ\D PHOLKDW XQVXU NHFDQWLNDQ VHPDWD WHWDSL DGD KDOKDO ODLQ \DQJ PHQ\DWX GHQJDQ NHFDQWLNDQ LWX DWDX WHUOHSDV GDULQ\D \DQJ GLMDGLNDQ SHUWLPEDQJDQ GDODP PHPLOLK LVWUL 1DPXQ SDUD JDGLV GDQ RUDQJ WXD EDQ\DN \DQJ PHQJDQJJDS NHFDQWLNDQ DGDODK VHJDODJDODQ\D $WDX VHWLGDNWLGDNQ\D PHQMDGLNDQ NHFDQWLNDQ VHEDJDL XQVXU \DQJ WHUSHQWLQJ VHGDQJNDQ KDO ODLQQ\D ELVD GLNHVDPSLQJNDQ -HODV MDODQ SLNLUDQ VHSHUWL LQL EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQQDOXULPDQXVLD

3HQLODLDQGDULVLVLHPSLULV

%LVD MDGL VLNDS JDGLVJDGLV \DQJ ELDVD PHPSHUOLKDWNDQ DXUDW\DQJ GLPDNVXGNDQ XQWXN PHQDZDQ KDWL SULD PHQMDGL EXPHUDQJEDJLGLULQ\DVHQGLUL%HWDSDEDQ\DNWLQGDNDQLWX PDODK PHPEXDW SDUD SHPXGD HQJJDQ PHQLNDKLQ\D 6HEDE ELVD VDMD SHPXGD LWX EHUDQJJDSDQ EDKZD MLND ZDQLWD WHUVHEXW EHUDQL PHODQJJDU VDODK VDWX SHULQWDK $OODK \DLWX KLMDE WLGDN PHQXWXS

D'LULZD\WNDQROHK$O%XNKDULNLWDDEXQQLNDK

(23)

NHPXQJNLQDQ GLD DNDQ EHUDQL PHODQJJDU SHULQWDKSHUDQWDK \DQJ ODLQ.DUHQDVHWDQPHPLOLNLEDQ\DNNLDW

0HVNLSXQWHUNDGDQJNHQ\DWDDQ\DQJDGDWLGDNVHODOXVHVXDL GHQJDQSHQGDSDWLQLWHWDSLPHPDQJEHJLWXODKNHDGDDQPD\RULWDV SHPXGDNLWDGL]DPDQVHNDUDQJ3HPXGD\DQJPHQ\XQWLQJJDGLV EHUKLMDE QDPDQ\D DNDQ PHQMDGL KDUXP PHVNLSXQ GLD VHQGLUL WLGDN WHUPDVXN RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ WDDW PHQMDODQNDQ SHULQWDK DJDPD

I6<8%+$7.((1$0,$0$6,+%(/80'(:$6$

6\XEKDW LQL EDQ\DN EHUHGDU GLNDODQJDQ RUDQJ WXD VHUWD VHEDJLDQ DNKDZDW \DQJ WLGDN EHUKLMDE 6HEHQDUQ\D DQDNDQDN WHUVHEXW VXGDK PHPLOLNL QLDW XQWXN PHPDNDL KLMDE WHWDSL NHPXGLDQGLWXQGDNDUHQDV\XEKDWLQL.DUHQDLWXGDOLKLQLOHELK SDQWDVGLVHEXWKDZDQDIVXGDULSDGDV\XEKDW

.HEDQ\DNDQ PHUHND EHUNDWD MDQJDQ VDPSDL PHODUDQJQ\D PHQLNPDWL NHKLGXSDQ 'LD WRK PDVLK EHOXP GHZDVD 'LD PDVLK VHQDQJ PHPDNDL SDNDLDQ \DQJ LQGDK EHUVROHN GHQJDQ EHUEDJDL PDFDPPDNH XSVHUWD PDVLK VXND PHQDPSDNNDQ NHFDQWLNDQQ\D 6HPXDLWXPHPEXDWQ\DOHELKEHUEDKDJLDGDQPHQLNDPDWLKLGXS

.HQDSD NLWD PHODUDQJ GDQ PHQJKDODQJL NHEDKDJLDDQ MXVWUX SDGD VDDW XPXU PHUHND PDVLK UHODWLI VDQJDW PXGD " NDODX NLWD WHUODQMXU NHWLQJJDODQ NHUHWD PHQJDSD NLWD PHPEXDWQ\D SXOD NHWLQJJDODQNHUHWDGHQJDQEHJLWXWHUJHVDJHVD"PDNVXGQ\DMLND LDPHQ\XUXKDQDNSXWULQ\DPHPDNDLKLMDEVHMDNGLQL

0HQXUXW SHQGDSDW PHUHND PDVD EHOXP GHZDVD EHUODQJVXQJ KLQJJD DQDN EHUXPXU GXD SXOXK WDKXQ .DUHQDQ\D PHVNLSXQ DGD JDGLV \DQJ VXGDK GDWDQJ EXODQ SDGD XPXU WLJD EHODVWDKXQGLDPDVLKGLDQJJDSDQDNDQDN

1DVLKDWXQWXNSDUDZDOL

6HVXQJJXKQ\D SDUD ZDOL EDLN EDSDN DWDX LEX \DQJ PHQFHJDK DQDN SXWULQ\D EHUKLMDE GHQJDQ GDOLK NDUHQD PDVLK EHOXP GHZDVD PHUHND PHPLOLNL WDQJJXQJ MDZDE \DQJ EHVDU GL KDGDSDQ$OODKSDGDKDULNLDPDW

(24)

@

Šù

Η

Œ È÷

ö û

Ê

› öÿ

Ώ

Ê

ë

>

ÏÑ

©¢ç¢Ðó¡

§Á

Ç

´ 'DQ WDKDQODK PHUHND GL WHPSDW SHUKHQWLDQ NDUHQD VHVXQJJXKQ\DPHUHNDDNDQGLWDQ\Dµ$VK6KDDIIDDW 1DEL6KDOODOODKX¶DODLKLZDVDOODPEHUVDEGD

þ¬

ßÁ

úß

ñ

 È÷

öðôï

Ý¡Á

öðôï

¦ó¡

ý¡

Á

Á¢¼

ÎÐ

ÎÍÍ

õ¢ð·

¡ ?

ó

þó

¨ôøð«

´0DVLQJPDVLQJ NDPX DGDODK SHPLPSLQ GDQ PDVLQJPDVLQJ NDPXDNDQGLWDQ\DWHQWDQJ\DQJGLSLPSLQQ\D«µ

6HRUDQJ D\DK DGDODK SHPLPSLQ SHUWDPD GDODP UXPDK WDQJJDSDGDKDULNLDPDWGLDDNDQGLWDQ\DWHQWDQJPDVLQJPDVLQJ RUDQJ\DQJDGDGLEDZDKNHSHPLPSLQDQQ\D

6HWLDSD\DKKHQGDNQ\DEHUWDQ\DNHSDGDGLULPHUHNDVHQGLUL ´EHWDSDEDQ\DNSDUDSHPXGD\DQJWHUJRGDROHKDQDNSXWULQ\D" VHEHUDSD MDXK SXWULQ\D PHQ\HEDENDQ SHQ\LPSDQJDQ SDUD SHPXGD"

8QJNDSDQFLQWDXQWXNDQDNDQDNSXWUL

$OODK VHEDJDL VDNVL EHWDSD NDPL DPDW PHQJNKDZDWLUNDQ GLULPX DNDQ PHQGDSDW VLNVD $OODK .DPL EHJLWX LQJLQ PHQ\HODPDWNDQPX GDUL VHJDOD EDKD\D \DQJ DNDQ PHQLPSDPX EDLN GL GXQLD PDXSXQ GL DNKLUDW ,QL DGDODK NHZDMLEDQ VHRUDQJ PXVOLPNHSDGDVDXGDUDQ\DPXVOLP\DQJODLQ

'L DQWDUD EDKD\D \DQJ DNDQ PHQLPSD XNKWL \DQJ WLGDN EHUKLMDE EDLN GL GXQLD PDXSXQ GL DNKLUDW DGDODK VHSHUWL GL VHEXWNDQ1DEL6KDOODOODKX¶DODLKLZDVDOODPGDODPVDEGDQ\D

Ä

º

ü

ñ¢³Âó¡

ý¢¦Ë˜ï

±

ÂÈó¡

ôß

ù

¦ïÂ¥

ñ¢³Á

V÷—

»•

? ù

ð

Ç

£¡

¥—

òß

ù

ó

©¢û

àô÷

úœç

úÿ

üàó¡

墴àó¡

ª¼¦ó¡

¨øüǘï

ú Ç

™Á

ôß

©¢

碧

©¢

Ç¢ï

ö Ÿ¢Èû

¾³¢Èm¡

¾g—

ý¡

Á

Ï

ÏÏÐ

ø°

ñ¢ë

¸Ðó¡

ñ¢³Á

¾g—

ñ¢³Á

¾Ÿ¡

Äó¡

Þøo

(25)

´$NDQDGDGLDNKLUXPDWNXNDXPODNL\DQJPHQXQJJDQJSHODQD VHSHUWLOD\DNQ\DNDXP OHODNLPHUHNDWXUXQGLGHSDQSLQWXSLQWXPDVMLG ZDQLWDZDQLWD PHUHND EHUSDNDLDQ WHWDSL WHODQMDQJ GL DWDV NHSDOD PHUHND WHUGDSDW VHVXDWX VHSHUWL SXQXN RQWD \DQJ OHPDK JHPXODL /DNQDWODK PHUHND VHVXQJJXKQ\D PHUHND DGDODK ZDQLWDZDQLWD WHUODNQDWµ

:DKDL XNKWL \DQJ WLGDN EHUKLMDE 7DKXNDK HQJNDX PDNQD ODNQDW"/DNQDWDUWLQ\DGLMDXKNDQGDULUDKPDW$OODK7D·DOD

'DODP KDGLWV WDGL 5DVXOXOODK 6KDOODOODKX ¶DODLKL ZDVDOODP PHPHULQWDKNDQ VHWLDS PXVOLP DJDU PHODNQDW WLSH ZDQLWD VHSHUWL \DQJWHODK GLVHEXWNDQ<DLWXPHUHND\DQJPHQJHQDNDQSDNDLDQGL WXEXK PHUHND WDSL WLGDN VDPSDL PHQXWXS DXUDWQ\D VHKLQJJD VHDNDQ ²DNDQ PHUHND WHODQMDQJ GDODP KDGLWV ODLQ 5DVXOXOODKU

EHUVDEGD

¢üó¡

¢

ù

¥ÂÔ

Âì¦ó¡

£¢û¿˜ï

Õ¢

Ç ö à÷ õ

ë ¢wÁ—

C Á¢üó¡

òÿ—

ú÷

ù¢èüÏ

”¢Èû



Å

ù›

¢ yÁ

ù

¾x

¨üj¡

ù

ô»¾

¨ôŸ¢m¡

ª¼¦ó¡

¨øüǘï

ú Ç

™Á

©

Ÿ¢÷

©

r ©¢

碧

¡Àï

¡Àï

§ZÈ÷

ú÷

¾³

¬ó

¢ yÁ

öôÈ÷

ý¡

Á

ÏÎÎÕ

´ 'XD NHORPSRN WHUPDVXNSHQJKXQL QHUDND DNX VHQGLUL EHOXP SHUQDKPHOLKDWPHUHND\DLWXRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJPHPEDZDFHPHWLVHSHUWL HNRU VDSL GHQJDQQ\D PHUHND PHQFDPEXNL PDQXVLD GDQ SDUD ZDQLWD \DQJEHUSDNDLDQWHWDSLWHODQMDQJEHUJR\DQJJR\DQJGDQEHUOHQJJDN OHQJJRN NHSDOD PHUHND DGD VHVXDWX VHSHUWL SXQXN RQWD \DQJ EHUJR\DQJJR\DQJ 0HUHND WHQWX WLGDN PDVXN VXUJD EDKNDQ WLGDN PHQGDSDWNDQ EDXQ\D GDQ VHVXQJJXKQ\D EDX VXUJD LWX WHUFLXP GDUL MDUDNSHUMDODQDQVHNLDQGDQVHNLDQµ+50XVOLP1R

'DODP KDGLWV WHUVHEXW WHUGDSDW VLIDWVLIDWVHFDUD ULQFL WHWDQJ JRORQJDQZDQLWDLQL\DLWX

PHQJHQDNDQ VHEDJLDQ SDNDLDQ WHWDSL GLD PHQ\HUXSDL RUDQJ WHODQMDQJ NDUHQD VHEDJLDQ WXEXK PHUHND WHUEXND GDQ LWX PXGDK PHPEDQJNLWNDQ ELUDKL ODNLODNL VHSHUWL SDKD OHQJDQ UDPEXW GDGD GDQ ODLQODLQQ\D -XJD SDNDLDQ \DQJ WHPEXV SDQGDQJ DWDX \DQJ DPDW NHWDW

(26)

VHKLQJJD PHPEHQWXN OHNXN ²OHNXN WXEXKQ\D PDND LD VHSHUWLWHODQMDQJPHVNLEHUSDNDLDQ

MDODQQ\D OHQJJDNOHQJJRN GDQ EHUJR\DQJ VHKLQJJD PHPEDQJNLWNDQQDIVXELUDKL

NHSDODQ\D WDPSDN OHELK WLQJJL NDUHQD LD PHPEXDW VHQL KLDVDQGDULEXOXDWDXUDPEXWVLQWHVLVNDUHQDWLQJJLQ\DLD VHSHUWLSXQXNRQWD

+DGLWV WHUVHEXW MXJD PHQMHODVNDQ KDNLNDW JRORQJDQ ZDQLWD \DQJ WLGDN PDVXN VXUJD EDKNDQ VHNHGDU PHQFLDXP EDX ZDQJLQ\DSXQWLGDNSDGDKDOUDKPDW$OODKPHOLSXWLVHJHQDSODQJLW GDQ EXPL %HOXP ODJL 5DVXOXOODK 6KDOODOODKX ¶DODLKL ZDVDOODP PHQ\XUXK NDXP PXVOLPLQ DJDU PHODNQDW PHUHND ´ODNQDWODK PHUHNDVHVXQJJXKQ\DPHUHNDDGDODKZDQLWDWHUODNQDWµ

.DPL WLGDN PHQJLQJLQNDQ VHODLQ NHEDLNDQ EDJL DQGD .HNKDZDWLUDQ EDJL GLUL DQGD PHQGRURQJ NDPL EHUKDUDS GDUL OXEXNKDWLNDPL\DQJSDOLQJGDODPXQWXNPHQMDXKNDQDQGDGDUL VHJDOD \DQJ WLGDN GLVHQDQJL 6HPRJD $OODK PHQJLVL KDWL DQGD GHQJDQ FDKD\D1\D \DQJ WLGDN SHUQDK SDGDP ODOX DQGD PHQDQJ GDODP SHUWDUXQJDQ PHODZDQ VHWDQ MLQ GDQ PDQXVLD VHODQMXWQ\D DQGD EHUNHWHSDWDQ PHOHSDVNDQ MHUDWDQ GDQ PHPHUGHNDNDQ GLUL GDUL WDZDQDQ KDZD QDIVX PHQXMX DODP NHEHEDVDQ NHPXOLDDQ NHKRUPDWDQNHWHQDQJDQGDQDODPNHVXFLDQ

$SDNDKDQGDPHQMDPLQXPXUPDVLKSDQMDQJ"

:DKDL XNKWL \DQJ WLGDN EHUKLMDE (QJNDX WLGDN PDX EHUKLMDE GHQJDQ GDOLK PDVLK EHOXP GHZDVD DSDNDK HQJNDX GDSDW PHQMDPLQ XPXUPX PDVLK EHEHUDSD VDDW" $SDNDK HQJNDX WDKX DWDX VHVHRUDQJ PHQJDEDUNDQ NHSDGDPX WHQWDQJ NDSDQ HQJNDX EDNDOPDWL"

-LND WLGDN PDND EROHK MDGL NHPDWLDQ DNDQ PHQMHPSXWPX VHWHODK VHWDKXQ VHEXODQ VHPLQJJX VHKDUL VHMDP DWDX VHGHWLN NHPXGLDQ 6HPXD LWX VHUED PXQJNLQ VHODPD NLWD WLGDN WDKX DMDO NLWDDNDQGDWDQJ

(27)

* .,6$+.,6$+1<$7$ .HPDWLDQ\DQJWLEDWLED

6HRUDQJ DQJJRWD SDUOHPHQ GDODP NRQGLVL NHVHKDWDQ \DQJ SULPD SHQXK HQHUJLN GDQ PHPLOLNL HWRV NHUMD VDQJDWWLQJJLRUDQJQ\DPDVLKPXGD1DPXQWLEDWLED YLUXV JDQDV PHQ\HUDQJ RWDNQ\D 7DN EHUODQJVXQJ ODPD YLUXV WHUVHEXW EHUXEDK PHQMDGL VHJXPSDO GDJLQJ$QJJRWDSDUOHPHQLWXDNKLUQ\DWLGDNEHUGD\D GDQPHQLQJJDOGHQJDQFDUD\DQJDPDWPHQJHQDVNDQ

.HPDWLDQWDNNHQDORUDQJVHKDWVHKDWDWDXVDNLW

6HRUDQJ NRPDQGDQ WLQJJL GLMDMDUDQ DQJNDWDQ EHUVHQMDWD LD WLGDN SHUQDK PHQJHOXKNDQ VXDWX SHQ\DNLW DSDSXQ WXEXKQ\D SDGDW EHULVL RWRW RWRWQ\D NHNDU OLQFDK GDQ JHVLW GDODP PHODNXNDQ WXJDV GLWHULWRULDOQ\D 6HSHUWL ELDVD SDGD VXDWX PDODP LD SHUJL WLGXU 'L SDJL KDUL VDQJ LEX PHPEDQJXQNDQQ\D 7DN DGD MDZDEDQ $SD \DQJ WHUMDGL " WHUQ\DWD WXEXKQ\D WHODK GLQJLQ GDQ WHUEXMXU NDNX 7LGXU LWX PHQJDKDQWDUNDQ SDGD NHPDWLDQ\DQJWDNDNDQNHPEDOLODJL

7HPDQNXPDWLWHUEDNDU

$EX $EGLOODKEHUNDWD ´ $NX WDN WDKX EDJDLPDQD KDUXV PHQXWXUNDQ NLVDK LQL SDGDPX .LVDK \DQJ SHUQDKDNXDODPLVHQGLULEHEHUDSDWDKXQ\DQJODOX VHKLQJJD PHQJXEDK WRWDO SHUMDODQDQ KLGXSNX VHEHQDUQ\D DNX WDN LQJLQ PHQFHULWDNDQQ\D WDSL GHPL WDQJJXQJ MDZDE GL KDGDSDQ $OODK GDQ SHULQJDWDQ EDJL SDUD SHPXGD \DQJ PHQGXUKDNDL $OODK GDQ GHPL SHODMDUDQ EDJL SDUD JDGLV \DQJ PHQJHMDUED\DQJDQVHPX\DQJGLVHEXWFLQWDPDND DNXXQJNDSNDQNLVDKLQL

.HWLND LWX NDPL WLJD VHNDZDQ <DQJ PHQJXPSXONDQ NDPL DGDODK NHVDPDDQ QDIVX GDQ NHVLDVLDDQ 2K WLGDN NDPL EHUHPSDW VDWXQ\D ODJL DGDODKVHWDQ

(28)

NDPL EHUXEDK PHQMDGL VHULJDODVHULJDOD \DQJ WDN PHQDUXK EHODV NDVLKDQ PHQGHQJDU ULQWLKDQ SHUPRKRQDQPHUHNDKDWLGDQSHUDVDDQNDPLVXGDK PDWL

%HJLWXODKKDULKDULNDPLGLWDPDQGLWHQGDDWDX GDODP PRELO \DQJ GL SDUNLU GL SLQJJLU SDQWDL 6DPSDL VXDWX KDUL \DQJ WDN SHUQDK VD\D ELVD PHOXSDNDQQ\D VHSHUWL ELDVD NDPL SHUJL NH WDPDQ 6HSHUWLELDVDSXODPDVLQJPDVLQJNDPLPHQ\DQWDS VDWXPDQJVDJDGLVGLWHPDQLPLQXQDQODNQDW6DWX KDO NDPL OXSD VDDW LWX PDNDQDQ 6HJHUD VDODK VHRUDQJGLDQWDUDNDPLEHUJHJDVPHPEHOLPDNDQDQ GHQJDQ PHQJHQGDUDL PRELOQ\D 6DDW LD EHUDQJNDW -DP PHQXQMXNNDQ SXNXO HQDP VRUH %HEHUDSD MDP EHUODOX WDSL WDPDQ NDPL LWX EHOXP MXJD NHPEDOL 3XNXO VHSXOXK PDODP KDWLNX PXODL WDN HQDN GDQ JXVDU 0DND DNX VHJHUD PHPEDZD PRELO XQWXN PHQFDULQ\D GL WHQJDK SHUMDODQDQ GL NHMDXKDQ DNX PHOLKDWMLODWDQDSLDNXPHQFREDPHQGHNDW

$VWDJKILUXOODK DNX KDPSLU WDN SHUFD\D GHQJDQ \DQJNXOLKDW7HUQ\DWDDSLLWXEHUVXPEHUGDULPRELO WHPDQNX \DQJ WHUEDOLN GDQ WHUEDNDU $NX SDQLN VHSHUWLRUDQJJLOD$NXVHJHUDPHQJHOXDUNDQWXEXK WHPDQNX GDUL PRELOQ\D \DQJ PDVLK PHQ\DOD $NX QJHUL WDWNDOD PHOLKDW VHSDUXK WXEXKQ\D PDVDN WHUSDQJJDQJ DSL .XERSRQJ WXEXKQ\D ODOX NXOHWDNNDQGLWDQDK

6HMHQDN NHPXGLDQ GLD EHUXVDKD PHPEXND NHGXDEHODKPDWDQ\DLDEHUELVLNOLULK´DSL«DSL ««

$NX PHPXWXVNDQ XQWXN PHPEDZDQ\D NH UXPDK VDNLW GHQJDQ PRELONX 7HWDSL GHQJDQ VXDUD FDPSXU WDQJLV LD PHQFHJDK ´ 7DN DGD JXQDQ\D DNXWDNDNDQVDPSDL«

(29)

$NX PHPDQGDQJLQ\D SHQXK NHKHUDQDQ ´ VLDSD "7DQ\DNX'HQJDQVXDUD\DQJVHDNDQEHUDVDOGDUL VXPXU\DQJDPDWGDODPGLDPHQMDZDE´$OODKµ

$NX PHULQGLQJ NHWDNXWDQ 7XEXK GDQ SHUDVDDQNXWHUJXQFDQJNHUDV7LEDWLEDWHPDQNXLWX PHQMHULW JHPDQ\D PHQ\HOXVXS NHVHWLDS UHOXQJ PDODP \DQJ JXOLWD ODOX NXGHQJDU WHULDNDQ QDIDVQ\D\DQJWHUDNKLU´,QQDDOLOODDKLZD·LQQDLODLKL UDDMLXXQµ

6HWHODK LWX KDULKDUL EHUODOX VHSHUWL VHGLD NDOD WHWDSL ED\DQJDQ WHPDQNX \DQJ PHQLQJJDO MHULW NHVDNLWDQQ\D DSL \DQJ PHPEDNDUQ\D GDQ ORORQJDQQ\DµDSD\DQJKDUXVNXNDWDNDQSDGD1\D" $SD\DQJKDUXVNXNDWDNDQSDGD1\D"6HDNDQWHUXV PHPEXQWXWLVHWLDSJHUDNGDQGLDPNX

3DGD GLULNX VHQGLUL DNX EHUWDQ\D ´ $NX «DSD \DQJKDUXVNXNDWDNDQSDGD1\D"

$LU PDWDNX PHQHWHV ODOX VHEXDK JHWDUDQ DQHK PHQMDODUL MLZDNX 6DDW SXQFDN SHUHQXQJDQ LWXODK VD\XSVD\XS DNX PHQGHQJDU DG]DQ VXEXK PHQJJHPD$OODKX$NEDU$OODKX$NEDU$V\KDGXDOOD LODDKD LOOD $OODK « $V\KDGX $QQD 0XKDPPDGDU 5DVXXOXOODK+D\\D¶$ODVK6KDODDK«µ

$NX PHUDVD EDKZD DG]DQ LWX KDQ\D GLWXMXNDQ SDGD GLULNX VDMD 0HQJDMDNNX PHQ\LQJNDS IDVH NHKLGXSDQNX \DQJ NHODP PHQJDMDNNX SDGD MDODQ FDKD\DGDQKLGD\DK$NXVHJHUDEDQJNLWPDQGLGDQ ZXGKX PHQVXFLNDQ WXEXKNX GDUL QRGDQRGD NHKLQDDQ \DQJ PHQHQJJHODPNX VHODPD EHUWDKXQ WDKXQ

6HMDNVDDWLWXDNXWDNSHUQDKODJLPHQLQJJDONDQ VKDODW $NX PHPXML $OODK \DQJ WLGDN OD\DN GLSXML VHODLQ 'LD $NX WHODK PHQMDGL PDQXVLD ODLQ 0DKD 6XFL $OODK \DQJ PHQJXEDK EHUEDJDL NHDGDDQ 'HQJDQ VHL]LQJ $OODK DNX WHODK PHQXQDLNDQ XPUDK ,QV\D $OODK DNX DNDQ PHODNVDQDNDQ KDML GDODPZDNWXGHNDWVLDSD\DQJWDKX"XPXUDGDGL WDQJDQ$OORK">@

(30)

.HVXGDKDQ\DQJEHUODZDQDQ

7DWNDOD PDVLK GL EDQJNX VHNRODK DNX KLGXS EHUVDPDNHGXDRUDQJWXDNXGDODPOLQJNXQJDQ\DQJ EDLN$NXVHODOXPHQGHQJDUGR·DLEXNXVDDWSXODQJ GDUL NHOX\XUDQ GDQ EHJDGDQJ PDODP 'HPLNLDQ SXOD D\DKNX LD VHODOX GDODP VKDODWQ\D \DQJ SDQMDQJ $NX KHUDQ PHQJDSD D\DK VKDODW EHJLWX ODPD DSD ODJL MLND VDDW PXVLP GLQJLQ \DQJ PHQ\HQJDWWXODQJ

$NXVXQJJXKKHUDQEDKNDQKLQJJDDNXEHUNDWD NHSDGDGLULNXVHQGLUL´DODQJNDKVDEDUQ\DPHUHND « 6HWLDS KDUL EHJLWX « EHQDUEHQDU PHQJKHUDQNDQ

$NX EHOXP WDKX EDKZD GL VLWXODK NHEDKDJLDDQ RUDQJPXNPLQGDQLWXODKVKDODWVKDODWRUDQJRUDQJ SLOLKDQ« PHUHND EDQJNLW GDUL WHPSDW WLGXUQ\D XQWXNEHUPXQDMDWNHSDGD$OODK

6HWHODK PHQMDODQL SHQGLGLNDQ PLOLWHU DNX WXPEXK VHEDJDL SHPXGD \DQJ PDWDQJ 7HWDSL GLULNX VHPDNLQ MDXK GDUL $OODKSDGDKDO EHUEDJDL QDVLKDW NXWHULPD GDQ NXGHQJDU GDUL ZDNWX NH ZDNWX

6HWHODKWDPDWGDULSHQGLGLNDQDNXGLWXJDVNDQGL NRWD \DQJ MDXK GDUL NRWDNX 3HUNHQDODQNX GHQJDQ WHPDQWHPDQ VHNHUMD PHPEXDWNX DJDN ULQJDQ PHQDQJJXQJEHEDQVHEDJDLRUDQJWHUDVLQJ

'LVDQDDNXWDNPHQGHQJDUODJLVXDUDEDFDDQ$O 4XU·DQ 7DN DGD ODJL VXDUD LEX \DQJ PHPEDQJXQNDQ GDQ PHQ\XUXKNX VKDODW $NX EHQDUEHQDU KLGXS VHQGLULDQ MDXK GDUL OLQJNXQJDQ NHOXDUJD\DQJGXOXNDPLQLNPDWL

$NXGLWXJDVLPHQJDWXUODOXOLQWDVGLMDODQWRO'L VDPSLQJ PHQMDJD NHDPDQDQ MDODQ 7XJDVNX PHPEDQWX RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHPEXWXKNDQ EDQWXDQ 3HNHUMDDQ EDUXNX VXQJJXK PHQ\HQDQJNDQDNXODNXNDQWXJDVWXJDVNXGHQJDQ VHPDQJDW GDQ GHGLNDVL WLQJJL WHWDSL KLGXSNX EDJDLNDQGLRPEDQJ DPELQJNDQRPEDN

(31)

$NXPXODLMHQXK«WDNDGD\DQJPHQXQWXQNXGL ELGDQJ DJDPD $NX VHEDWDQJ NDUD +DPSLU VHWLDS KDUL\DQJNXVDNVLNDQKDQ\DNHFHODNDDQGDQRUDQJ RUDQJ\DQJPHQJDGXNHFRSHWDQDWDXEHQWXNEHQWXN SHQJDQLD\DDQ ODLQ $NX ERVDQ GHQJDQ UXWLQLWDV 6DPSDLVXDWXKDULWHUMDGLODKVHEXDKSHULVWLZD\DQJ KLQJJDNLQLWDNSHUQDKNXOXSDNDQ

.HWLND LWX NDPL GHQJDQ VHRUDQJ NDZDQ VHGDQJ EHUWXJDVGLVHEXDKSRVMDODQ.DPLDV\LNQJREURO« WLED ²WLED NDPL GLNDJHWNDQ ROHK VHEXDK EHQWXUDQ \DQJ DPDW NHUDV NDPL PHQJHGDUNDQ SDQGDQJDQ 7HUQ\DWD VHEXDK PRELO EHUWDEUDNDQ GHQJDQ PRELO ODLQ \DQJ PHOXQFXU GDUL DUDK \DQJ EHUODZDQDQ .DPL VHJHUD EHUODUL PHQXMX WHPSDW NHMDGLDQ XQWXN PHQRORQJNRUEDQ

.HMDGLDQ \DQJ VXQJJXK WUDJLV .DPL OLKDW GXD DZDN VDODK VDWX PRELO GDODP NRQGLVL VDQJDW NULWLV NHGXDQ\D VHJHUD NDPL NHOXDUNDQ GDUL PRELO ODOX NDPLEXMXUNDQGLWDQDK

.DPL FHSDWFHSDW PHQXMX PRELO VDWXQ\D 7HUQ\DWD SHQJHPXGLQ\D WHODK WHZDV GHQJDQ DPDW PHQJHULNDQ.DPLNHPEDOLNHSDGDGXDRUDQJ\DQJ EHUDGD GDODP NRQGLVL NRPD 7HPDQNX PHQXQWXQ PHUHNDPHQJXFDSNDQNDOLPDWV\DKDGDW

8FDSNDQODK ´/DDLODDKD ,OODOODDK « ODDLODDKD LOODOODDKSHULQWDKWHPDQNX

7HWDSL VXQJJXK PHQJKHUDQNDQ GDUL PXOXWQ\D PDODKPHOXQFXUODJXODJX.HDGDDQLQLPHPEXDWNX PHULQGLQJ 7HPDQNX WDPSDNQ\D VXGDK ELDVD PHQJKDGDSL RUDQJRUDQJ\DQJVHNDUDW«NHPEDOLLD PHQXQWXQNRUEDQLWXPHPEDFDV\DKDGDW

$NX GLDP PHPELVX DNX WDN EHUNXWLN GHQJDQ SDQGDQJDQ QDQDU 6HXPXU KLGXSNX DNX EHOXP SHUQDK PHQ\DNVLNDQ RUDQJ \DQJ VHGDQJ VHNDUDW DSDODJL GHQJDQ NRQGLVL VHSHUWL LQL 7HPDQNX WHUXV PHQXQWXQ NHGXDQ\D PHQJXODQJXODQJ EDFDDQ V\DKDGDW WHWDSL « NHGXDQ\D WHWDS WHUXV VDMD PHODQWXQNDQODJXWDNDGDJXQDQ\D«

(32)

EHUVXDUD ODJL GLVXVXO RUDQJ NHGXD 7DN DGD JHUDN «NHGXDQ\DWHODKPHQLQJJDOGXQLD

.DPLVHJHUDPHPEDZDPHUHNDNHGDODPPRELO 7HPDQNX PHQXQGXN LD WDN EHUELFDUD VHSDWDK NDWDSXQ 6HODPD SHUMDODQDQQ\D DGD NHELVXDQ KHQLQJ

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

antara siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran Brainstorming dengan pemberdayaan KOMBAV dengan prestasi belajar siswa yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran

Hasil penelitian dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% adalah (1) ada perbedaan pengaruh strategi pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Division dan Think Pair Share terhadap

Redesain Interior terminal keberangkatan domestik pelabuhan Tanjung Emas Semarang menggunakan gaya ekletik. Gaya ekletik merupakan perpaduan dua gaya atau lebih yang

Hampir dapat dipastikan bahwa se- andainya saja bangsa Indonesia tidak mempunyai kekuatan adat istiadat atau sosio budaya yang khas pada masyarakat adat, yang antara lain

Keempat , salah satu pihak melakukan ke- kejaman atau penganiayaan berat yang mem- bahayakan pihak yang lain. Hubungan suami istri apabila salah satu pihak melakukan

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah perihal uji sebuah hoptesis yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara masturbasi dan rasa bersalah pada narapidana Rutan Kelas

Akan tetapi, perbedaan jenis stimulansia organik dan interaksinya dengan jumlah serta ukuran kuakan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap produksi resin

4.3.3 Pengujian Asumsi Residual White Noise dan Distribusi Normal dengan Metode Intervensi pada Data Transformasi Agregat