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Quo-Vadis Public Administration

Sukarso

Sukarso_upb@yahoo.co.id

Public Administration Dept. Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Jenderal Soedirman University

For 3th ICPM - August 19th, 2014, Bali - Indonesia

Introduction

In this long odyssey, more than a century, "Public Administration" experienced growth and shifted in the application of concepts and theories to explain and resolve a variety of problems, both practical and academically. We can trace it from the various records of the expert in this field, both diachronically and dialectically. Application of the various concepts and theories are proportionally to the efforts of objectives achievement and resolve problems which is arose during this time.

Achievement of objectives, directly or not, says welfare, it is clear that in addition to the difficulty of achieving these goals technically, it is also a dynamic destination. Concepts and theories are often too late to formulate and anticipate the dynamics of public issues. The task to alleviate amount of poverty in developing countries, for example, there has not been a bench-marking that can be accepted. Even breakdown any goal to the work plan was technically remains debated.

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so wide or, second, abstraction and imagination of public administration purposes are different, as well as the dynamics of the problem itself.

The Development of Concepts and Theories Applied on

Diachronically, development or exactly a collection of concepts and theories that have been applied by scholars of public administration are countless. Nevertheless, it can briefly and simply be divided into several schools of thought, such as classical, neo-classical and modern. While dialectically, diachronically of course, I think there are two relatively distinctive schools of thought, namely the modern and hidden one, the new public administration, I would rather to say it as Considerate Public Administration, while both are a "response" (if I can say so) of the fashioned failures in achieving the main objectives of Public Administration (public welfare).

Just an example, the diachronically, Safritz and Hyde (2012) pretty much inventories concepts and theories used in public administration during the time, while dialectically, Frederickson (1997, 2005, 2012) and his friends, proposed new issues fairly basic in public administration.

Simple scheme of the concepts and theories variation applied in Public Administration:

Classic/Old PA

Neo-classic Modern PA

New PA Considerate PA, Post-Mo Effectiveness/

Efficiently Openness and competition(professionalism)

Social equity/Fairnes

s

Citizenship and Affirmative (patriotism - benevolence)

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Both the research and practice of Public Administration, I would like to convey two main streams that can be identified, the first common stream (popular), say it so, and

hidden stream (sapless) as I said above.

In common stream (popular), based on the classical theories such as Taylor, Weber, Gulick, Waldo in the early 20th century until the mid-20th century, then it "enhanced" by the humanity theories (Humanize: psychology/behaviors) such as Barnard, Maslow, and McGregor. After this stage, there is manipulated use of the concept human resources up to the present (Miles, 1976). Then on the modern stage, appearing various theories adopted of policy formulation, implementation and evaluation, and theories of modern management, such as Osborne and Gaebler (1992), governance (good, dynamic, collaborative, smart) spreadsheet, and so on. Thereafter, there are a lot of efforts to explain for both academic and practice, such as how to realize governance. For this activity, a variety of international donors are welcome to fund it at any budget.

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On the main stream, search ethical values tend to seek justification for a market mechanism (governance), while the sapless stream; searching ethical values tend to be justification for help the weak people or citizens to participate in the market or competition.

Agendas

Agendas on the domain, task and scope reflected what the government is supposed to do; it seems there are still significant differences even though there is a same explicit goal. In this case, we realize it or not, there are competing values which is chosen to be realized immediately. The values are effectiveness and efficiency, democratization and participation, governance with all its variants, professionalism, citizenship, justice, and patriotism as well as benevolence.

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Conclusion

By the developmental theories in Public Administration so far, it appears that the research agenda on the domain remains unclear from the perspective of a solid and largely agreed Public Administration degree. Most are still busy with the application or development of concepts of governance, while others are still lonely and almost no echo (sapless) in the effort to develop the concepts that are more "humane", such as patriotism and benevolence.

Main sources:

Chris Argyris, Chris (et al.), 1985, Action Science: Concepts, Methods, and Skills for Research and Intervention, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Frederickson, H. George, 1997, The Spirit of Public Administration, Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco.

Frederickson, H. George (et al.), 2012,Public Administration Theory Primer, Westview Press, Philadelphia

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