Lampiran 2. Alat pengambilan sampel sedimen

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Lampiran 1. Scientific echosounder Simrad EY 60

Lampiran 2. Alat pengambilan sampel sedimen

GPS

GPT

Laptop

Transducer

Kabel

Transducer

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Lampiran 3. Kapal survei

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Lampiran 5. Alat pengukur parameter fisik sedimen

Shaker (ASTM E – 11. USA Standard)

Timbangan Alat pengukur densitas sedimen

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Lampiran 6. Listing program Matlab_Rick Towler

@ Untuk menampilkan echo envelope

%readEKRaw_EY60.m

%---% % Rick Towler

% National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration % Alaska Fisheries Science Center

% Midwater Assesment and Conservation Engineering Group % rick.towler@noaa.gov

%---% %readEKRaw_ChunkExample.m

%

% define paths to example raw and bot files rawFile = 'nama_file.raw';

botFile = 'nama_file.bot';

ping_awal = input('masukkan ping awal = '); ping_akhir = input('masukkan ping akhir = '); disp('Reading .raw file...');

% read in the first chunk of the file using PingRange to define chunk size.

% Note that we specify the optional 3rd return argument "rstat" that will

% contain the reader state when the function exits. %

% also note that we do not read in angle data

[header, firstRaw, rstat] = readEKRaw(rawFile, 'Frequencies', 120000, ...

'SampleRange',[1 800],'PingRange',[ping_awal ping_akhir],'Angles',false);

% extract calibration parameters from the first raw data structure

calParms = readEKRaw_GetCalParms(header, firstRaw); disp('Reading .bot file...');

% read in the .bot file - by passing the optional 3rd argument we force

% readEKBot to only return data for pings contained in the firstRaw structure.

% again, we set the rstat return argument.

[header, firstBot, rstat] = readEKBot(botFile, calParms, firstRaw, ...

'ReturnRange', true);

% convert power to Sv

firstRaw = readEKRaw_Power2Sv(firstRaw, calParms); % plot up the two blocks of data

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% plot the first chunk echogram

readEKRaw_SimpleEchogram(firstRaw.pings(1).Sv, firstRaw.pings(1).number, ...

firstRaw.pings(1).range, 'Threshold', [-70,0], 'Title', ... ['Sv']);

hold on

% plot the bottom

plot(firstRaw.pings(1).number, firstBot.pings.bottomdepth(1,:), 'c'); hold off % colorbar; colorbar('YTickLabel',{'-70 dB','-58 dB','-47 dB','-35 dB','-23 dB','-12 dB'}) xlabel ('Ping') ylabel ('Depth (m)')

% plot echo envelope (digunakan setelah selesai menampilkan echogram)

Sv1=firstRaw.pings.Sv; Sv1mean=mean(Sv1'); plot(Sv1mean);

xlabel ('Time (ms)')

ylabel ('Intensitas energi backscattering strength (dB)')

@ Untuk menampilkan grafik Sv dan SS (Purnawan, 2009)

% readEKRaw_EY60.m

%---% % Rick Towler

% National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration % Alaska Fisheries Science Center

% Midwater Assesment and Conservation Engineering Group % rick.towler@noaa.gov

%---% %readEKRaw_ChunkExample.m

%

% define paths to example raw and bot files rawFile = 'nama_file.raw';

botFile = 'nama_file.bot';

awal=input('masukkan ping awal = '); akhir=input('masukkan ping akhir = ');

% membaca file .raw - hanya pada frekuensi 120 kHz disp('membaca .raw file...');

[header, rawData] = readEKRaw(rawFile, 'SampleRange', [1 500],... 'PingRange', [awal akhir]);

calParms = readEKRaw_GetCalParms(header, rawData); % membaca file .bot - data yang kembali sebagai range

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disp('membaca .bot file...');

[header, botData] = readEKBot(botFile, calParms, rawData, ... 'ReturnRange', true);

% konversi power ke Sv

data = readEKRaw_Power2Sv(rawData, calParms); % konversi sudut electrical ke sudut physical data = readEKRaw_ConvertAngles(data, calParms); % mensortir kembali data yang digunakan

% sehingga mempermudah dalam pengolahan data dasar perairan c=1546.35;%kecepatan suara

tau=0.000128;%panjang gelombang x=data.pings.number;

y=data.pings.range;

Z=data.pings.Sv;% Z= Sv logaritma z=10.^(Z/10);

ss=z*(c*tau/2);%ini untuk cari ss SS=10*log10(ss);%in untuk cari SS log

along=data.pings.alongship; %sudut alongship athw=data.pings.athwartship; % sudut athwartship Svbottom=Z;

along1=along;

bd=botData.pings.bottomdepth; [k l]=size(Z);

% data tbd pada 1 ping terakhir memberikan nilai yang tidak akurat % sehingga perlu dihilangkan

l=l-1; for ll=1:l; m=0;

for kk=1:k;

% mengambil data dasar perairan, dari permukaan hingga 1/2 meter % data yang lainnya diberikan pada kedalaman lain adalah nol if y(kk,1)<(bd(1,ll)+0.05); Svbottom(kk,ll)=-1000; %svbottom(kk+1,ll)=0; along1(kk,ll)=0; elseif y(kk,1)>(bd(1,ll)+0.5); Svbottom(kk,ll)=-1000; along1(kk,ll)=0; else svbottom(kk,ll)=Z(kk,ll); along1(kk,ll)=along(kk,ll);

% mengambil data hanya pada dasar perairan hingga setengah meter, svbonly m=m+1; Svbottomonly(m,ll)=Z(kk,ll); along2(m,ll)=along(kk,ll); end;end; end;

% agar jumlah data tiap kolom sama

% ditentukan ketebalan lapisan yang digunakan, hlyr hlyr=0.1;

for ll=1:l; for i=1:m;

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if y(i,1)<=hlyr;

Svbonly(i,ll)=Svbottomonly(i,ll); along3(i,ll)=along2(i,ll);

end; end; end

Svbottommean=mean(mean(Svbonly)); [i l]=size(Svbonly); for ll=1:l;Zmax(ll)=-999; for ii=1:i; if Svbonly(ii,ll) > Zmax(ll) ; Zmax(ll) = Svbonly(ii,ll); alongmax(ll)=along3(ii,ll); end end end

zmax=10.^(Zmax/10); % linier func ratazmax=mean(zmax); ssmax=zmax*(c*tau/2); ssmean=mean(ssmax); SSmax=10*log10(ssmean) stdsv=std(zmax); rataZmax=10*log10(ratazmax) stdSv=10*log10(stdsv);

% membuat gambar echogram dan anglogram disp('Plotting...'); nFreqs = length(data.pings); for n=1:nFreqs % plot echogram readEKRaw_SimpleEchogram(SS,x,y, 'Threshold', [-50,0]);% disini ngerubahnya!!!!!

% plot the bottom hold on plot(data.pings(n).number, botData.pings.bottomdepth(n,:), 'c'); hold off % plot anglogram readEKRaw_SimpleAnglogram(data.pings(n).alongship, ... data.pings(n).athwartship, data.pings(n).number, ... data.pings(n).range, 'Title', ... ['Angles ' num2str(calParms(n).frequency)]); % plot bottom hold on plot(data.pings(n).number, botData.pings.bottomdepth(n,:), 'c'); hold off end

akhir=akhir-1; %mengembalikan nilai dari 'akhir' di atas %Zmax1=0; alongmax1=0;% untuk merubah kembali pingnya

sp=akhir-l; %selisih ping yang dimasukkan dengan untuk looping for ll=awal:akhir;

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alongmax1(ll)=alongmax(ll-sp); end

figure

subplot(2,1,1); plot(Zmax1); axis([awal akhir -30 0]) xlabel('ping','fontsize',16);

ylabel('Scattering volume (dB)','fontsize',16); legend('Sv max (dB)')

subplot(2,1,2); plot(alongmax1); axis([awal akhir -10 10])

xlabel('ping','fontsize',16);

ylabel('sudut (derajat)','fontsize',16); legend('sudut alongship (derajat)') figure

plot (SS(:,1),y,'r') hold on

plot (Z(:,1),y,'b') legend('SS','Sv')

xlabel ('Intensitas acoustic backscattering strength (dB)') ylabel ('Depth (m)')

Lampiran 7. Foto tipe substrat dasar perairan di lokasi penelitian

Substrat Pasir

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Lampiran 8. Tampilan echogram (Lanjutan)

Stasiun 1

Stasiun 2

Stasiun 5 Stasiun 6

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Lampiran 9. Grafik pola Sv dan SS (Lanjutan)

Stasiun 1

Stasiun 2

Stasiun 5 Stasiun 6

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Lampiran 10. Grafik intensitas energi acoustic backscattering dasar perairan

(Lanjutan)

Stasiun 1

Stasiun 2

Stasiun 5

Stasiun 6

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Lampiran 11. Cluster data sedimen

Cluster Analysis of Observations: Pasir, Debu, Liat, Densitas, Porositas,

Koef.

Euclidean Distance, Average Linkage Amalgamation Steps

Step Number of Similarity Distance Clusters New Number of obs. clusters level level joined cluster in new cluster

1 8 80.61 5.765 5 9 5 2 2 7 78.51 6.391 5 7 5 3 3 6 76.92 6.863 3 4 3 2 4 5 76.67 6.938 1 2 1 2 5 4 68.68 9.315 5 8 5 4 6 3 62.72 11.087 1 3 1 4 7 2 48.20 15.403 1 6 1 5 8 1 35.31 19.236 1 5 1 9 Final Partition Number of clusters: 1 Number of Within cluster Average distance Maximum distance observations sum of squares from centroid from centroid Cluster1 9 1107.010 10.461 16.568

Cluo 'Pasir'-'BL';

Lampiran 12. Cluster data akustik

Cluster Analysis of Observations: E1, E2, SS, EL

Euclidean Distance, Average Linkage Amalgamation Steps Step Number of Similarity Distance Clusters New Number of obs. clusters level level joined cluster in new cluster 1 8 90.23 3.445 6 8 6 2 2 7 88.81 3.944 2 4 2 2 3 6 87.12 4.541 2 3 2 3 4 5 76.16 8.406 1 2 1 4 5 4 73.48 9.348 5 9 5 2 6 3 73.37 9.387 1 6 1 6 7 2 52.58 16.716 1 5 1 8 8 1 21.17 27.790 1 7 1 9 Final Partition Number of clusters: 1

Number of Within cluster Average distance Maximum distance

observations sum of squares from centroid from centroid Cluster1 9 1233.479 10.209 24.067

Cluo 'E1'-'EL';

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Lampiran 2. Alat pengambilan sampel sedimen

Lampiran 1. Scientific echosounder Simrad EY 60