Budidaya Rumput Laut di Kepulauan Karimunjawa:
Tinjauan Teknis, Sosial dan Ekonomi
Penyusun
Dr. Dian Wijayanto, S.Pi., M.M., M.S.E.
Prof. Dr. Ir. Azis Nur Bambang, M.S.
Faik Kurohman, S.Pi., M.Si.
Ristiawan Agung Nugroho, S.Pi., M.Si.
Budidaya Rumput Laut di Kepulauan
Karimunjawa: Tinjauan Teknis, Sosial dan Ekonomi
ISBN: 978-623-227-737-3
Penulis: Dr. Dian Wijayanto, S.Pi., M.M., M.S.E.
Prof. Dr. Ir. Azis Nur Bambang, M.S.
Faik Kurohman, S.Pi., M.Si.
Ristiawan Agung Nugroho, S.Pi., M.Si.
Tata Letak: Galih Design Cover: Widi 14,8 cm x 21 cm viii + 83 halaman
Cetakan Pertama, Februari 2022 Diterbitkan Oleh:
Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia
Anggota IKAPI Jawa Timur Nomor: 217/JTI/2019 tanggal 1 Maret 2019 Redaksi:
Ds. Sidoarjo, Kec. Pulung, Kab. Ponorogo Email: Penerbituwais@gmail.com Website: www.penerbituwais.com Telp: 0352-571 892
WA: 0812-3004-1340/0823-3033-5859
Sanksi Pelanggaran Pasal 113 Undang-Undang Nomor 28 tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, sebagaimana yang telah diatur dan diubah dari Undang-Undang nomor 19 Tahun 2002, bahwa:
Kutipan Pasal 113
(1) Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf i untuk penggunaan secara komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah).
(2) Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak dan/atau tanpa izin pencipta atau pemegang hak cipta melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi pencipta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf c, huruf d, huruf f, dan/atau huruf h, untuk penggunaan secara komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah).
(3) Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak dan/atau tanpa izin pencipta atau pemegang hak melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi pencipta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf a, huruf b, huruf e, dan/atau huruf g, untuk penggunaan secra komesial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp1.000.000.000.00 (satu miliar rupiah).
(4) Setiap orang yang memenuhi unsur sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) yang dilakukan dalam bentuk pembajakan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp4.000.000.000.00 (empat miliar rupiah).
Kata Pengantar
Kepulauan Karimunjawa menjadi daerah strategik secara nasional. Kepulauan Karimunjawa telah ditetapkan sebagai kawasan konservasi perairan. Kepulauan Karimunjawa juga menjadi kawasan tujuan wisata nasional dan internasional.
Kekayaan sumberdaya hayati perairan Karimunjawa telah menjadi tulang punggung perekonomian masyarakat Kepulauan Karimunjawa, baik sebagai nelayan, penyedia jasa pariwisata bahari, kuliner, pengrajin souvenir maupun petani rumput laut.
Mengingat pentingnya Kekayaan sumberdaya hayati perairan Karimunjawa, maka pembangunan Karimunjawa harus memperhatikan kelestarian sumberdaya hayati tersebut. Disisi lain, konservasi tidak akan berhasil jika masyarakatnya tidak sejahtera. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya untuk mendorong peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat Karimunjawa dengan tetap mempertahankan kelestarian sumberdaya hayati perairan.
Usaha budidaya rumput laut di Kepulauan Karimunjawa sudah mulai berkembang, terutama di Pulau Kemojan (pulau terbesar kedua di Kepulauan Karimunjawa). Usaha budidaya rumput laut dapat menjadi alternatif mata pencaharian penduduk Kepulauan Karimunjawa yang dapat diatur agar tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip konservasi. Oleh karena ini, kami mencoba melakukan penelitian budidaya rumput laut di Pulau Kemojan dalam kurun waktu 2019 hingga 2021, baik terkait dengan aspek teknologi, sosial, finansial maupun bioekonomi.
Hasil-hasil penelitian tersebut telah kami paparkan dalam buku ini. Penulis dan peneliti mengucapkan terima kasih kepada LPPM Universitas Diponegoro yang telah memberikan hibah penelitian (skema RPI) pada tahun 2019 hingga 2021.
Harapannya, buku ini dapat manfaat bagi para pemangku kepentingan yang perduli dengan pengembangan usaha budidaya rumput laut di Kepulauan Karimunjawa.
Semarang, Januari 2022
Tim Penulis
Daftar Isi
Kata Pengantar ... iii
Daftar Isi ... v
Daftar Tabel ... vii
Daftar Gambar ... viii
Bab 1. Gambaran Umum Kepulauan Karimunjawa ... 1
1.1. Administrasi ... 1
1.2. Kependudukan ... 2
1.3. Sosial dan Budaya ... 3
1.4. Pendidikan ... 7
1.5. Kesehatan Masyarakat ... 8
1.6. Infrastruktur Transportasi, Energi dan Komunikasi ... 9
1.7. Ekonomi ... 12
1.8. Taman Nasional Karimunjawa ... 18
Bab 2. Budidaya Rumput Laut Eucheuma Cottonni ... 20
2.1 Biologi dan Habitat ... 20
2.2 Pemanfaatan ... 21
2.3 Metode Budidaya ... 23
2.4 Benih Rumput Laut ... 25
2.5 Bahan Konstruksi ... 26
2.6 Pemilihan Lokasi ... 28
2.7 Praktek Budidaya Rumput Laut di Pulau Kemojan ... 29
Bab 3. Kajian Finansial dan Pemasaran Rumput Laut .... 32
3.1 Profil Responden ... 32
3.2 Pemasaran ... 35
3.3 Finansial ... 36
Bab 4. Kajian Optimalisasi Padat Tebar ... 40
4.1 Desain Penelitian ... 40
4.2 Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut ... 41
Bab 5. Kajian Aplikasi Basket Sebagai Media Tanam ... 49
5.1 Desain Penelitian ... 50
5.2 Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut ... 51
Bab 6. Kajian Pemodelan Bioekonomi ... 56
6.1 Model Pertumbuhan ... 56
6.2 Model Bioekonomi ... 60
6.3 Simulasi Model Bioekonomi ... 62
Daftar Pustaka ... 70
Lampiran ... 80
Daftar Tabel
Tabel 1. Kapal yang Melayani ke Karimunjawa (Sebelum
Pandemi Covid-19) ... 10
Tabel 2. Pertanian dan Peternakan Kepulauan Karimunjawa Tahun 2020 ... 13
Tabel 3. Gambaran Penghasilan Nelayan ... 15
Tabel 4. Gambaran Penghasilan Penjual di Kawasan Alun-Alun Karimunjawa ... 16
Tabel 5. Flora dan Fauna di Kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa ... 19
Tabel 6. Kebutuhan Kualitas Air untuk Budidaya E. cottoni ... 21
Tabel 7. Komposisi Senyawa Organik dan Unsur Mikro Rumput Laut ... 23
Tabel 8. Analisis Finansial ... 37
Tabel 9. Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Perlakuan Jarak Tebar .. 42
Tabel 10. Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut pada Percobaan di Basket ... 44
Tabel 11. RC Ratio Pengaruh Jarak Tanam ... 47
Tabel 12. Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut pada Percobaan Pertama ... 51
Tabel 13. Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut pada Percobaan Kedua ... 52
Tabel 14. Kualitas Air Selama Percobaan ... 53
Tabel 15. Pertumbuhan E. cottonii (g) ... 57
Tabel 16. Profit Maksimal dan BEP ... 64
Tabel 17. Profit pada Beberapa Skenario Waktu Budidaya ... 68
Daftar Gambar
Gambar 1. Peta Kepulauan Karimunjawa ... 2
Gambar 2.Papan Himbauan Berpakaian Sopan Bagi Wisatawan Manca Negara ... 7
Gambar 3. Konstruksi Longline ... 27
Gambar 4.Praktek-Praktek Budidaya Rumput Laut di Pulau Kemojan ... 27
Gambar 5.Peta Lokasi Budidaya Rumput Laut di Pulau Kemojan ... 28
Gambar 6.Komposisi Responden ... 33
Gambar 7.Saluran Distribusi ... 35
Gambar 8.Tata Letak Longline Percobaan ... 41
Gambar 9.Perkembangan Laju Pertumbuhan Harian ... 45
Gambar 10.Tata Letak Percobaan ... 50
Gambar 11. Perkembangan Pertumbuhan E. cottonii ... 59
Gambar 12.Perkembangan Biomassa E. cottonii ... 63
Gambar 13.Perkembangan TR, TC dan Profit ... 65
Gambar 14.Break Even Point ... 65
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