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PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI
MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Derpartment
By
FAHMI YAHYA NURYANTO A320110067
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
v MOTTO
Hai orang-orang mukmin, jika kamu menolong (agama) Allah, niscaya Dia akan
menolongmu dan meneguhkan kedudukanmu.
(QS: Muhammad Ayat: 7)
Dan bagi tiap-tiap umat ada kiblatnya (sendiri) yang ia menghadap kepadanya.
Maka berlomba-lombalah kamu (dalam berbuat) kebaikan. Di mana saja kamu
berada pasti Allah akan mengumpulkan kamu sekalian (pada hari kiamat).
Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Kuasa atas segala sesuatu. ( Q.S Al-Baqarah : 148 )
Ya Allah, tidak ada kemudahan kecuali Engkau jadikan mudah, dan apabila engkau
berkehendak Engkau menjadikan kesusahan menjadi kemudahan (HR. Ibnu Hibban).
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DEDICATION
From the deepest heart, the researcher would like to dedicate this research paper to:
Allah SWT for the great blessing,
My beloved parents ( Bapak Azaz Marjiyanto and Ibu Ada Nurhayati) My nice brother and sister ( Fahim and Faiq),
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Alkhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his blessing and mercies given to the researcher, she can complete her research paper entitled PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI
MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. In
conducting this research, the researcher got some helps from many people. On this best occasion, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of Scholl of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D, Head of English Department Muhammadiyah University,
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M. Ed., the first consultant who has patiently guided the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultant, and gave the researcher nice suggestion,
4. Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum, the second consultant who has been willing to guide, correct, and encourage her from the beginning of writing until the end of it,
5. Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum., as the academic consultant who has given the researcher guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University, 6. All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and
mentor,
7. His best gratitude for her beloved parents (Bapak Azaz Marjiyanto and Ibu Ada Nurhayati), thanks for ever over love, prayers, support (moral and material), motivation, and everything during her life,
8. His beloved brothers (Fahim And Faiq), who have given love, care, prayers, and support. Thanks for everything,
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10. His beloved friends Musabani, Putri, Nana, Bekti, Sumardi, Randy, Ardika, Wahyu Kuncoro, Wahyu Julian, Devi, Oktafiningrum, Dina, Wahyu Purbosari, Yama, Panggih, Yunita, etc. thank you for your love, spirit, motivation, suggestion, joke, and everything,
11. His “Trio Group” Akhmad Kusaeri and Heru Iriyanto. Thank a lot for our solidarity, spirit, assemble, togetherness, and all of you regard as my brothers ever.
12. His friends in First Division of English Education Students Organization : Rizhal, Umi, Listy, Tiara, Aulia, Fito, Ayu, Neti, Finsa, etc. Thank a lot for your help and advice as long as I studied in our beloved university,
13. His friends in English Education Students Organization : thank a lot for many experience and everything.
14. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the researcher completing this research,
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect. Therefore, suggestion and criticisms are welcome and acceptance. She hopes that this research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March 03, 2015 The researcher
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B. Literature Review ... 6
C. Problem Statement ... 7
D. Limitation of the Study ... 7
A. Notion of Psychoanalytic Theory ... 12
B. Structure of Personality ... 13
C. Pervasive Development Disorders ... 17
1. Notion of Pervasive Development Disorders... 17
2. The Cause of Pervasive Development Disorders ... 18
D. Anxiety ... 19
1. Social Anxiety ... 19
E. Theoretical Application ... 20
CHAPTER III : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ... 22
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1. Characters and Characterization ... 22
2. Plot ... 26
a. Grammatical Structure ... 34
b. Sentence Construction ... 34
c. Diction ... 35
d. Figurative Language... 36
6. Theme ... 38
B. Discussion ... 39
CHAPTER IV : PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ... 44
A. Eri Structure of Personality ... 44
1. The id (the reason of Eri’s frustation) ... 45
2. The ego (Eri’s impingement stress and frustation) ... 47
3. The superego (the resistance against syndrom) ... 49
B. Analysis of Eri’s Pervasive Development Disorder... 51
1. Pervasive Development Disorder ... 51
2. Anxiety ... 54
a. Social Anxiety ... 54
C. Discussion of the Findings ... 55
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, EDUCATIONAL AND SUGGESTION .. 60
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xi ABSTRACT
FAHMI YAHYA NURYANTO. A320110067. PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. Research Paper.School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. March, 2015.
The major problem of this study is syndrom called pervasive development disorder. Because of frustation of life, they suffer syndrom pervasive development disorder as result they ignore about social interaction and socialization with the people around them. The objective of this study is to analyze Haruki Murakami’s After Dark based on the structural elements and analyze this novel based on the Psychoanalytic Approach.
The Writer employs qualitative method. The writer uses two data sources: primary and secondary. The primary data source is about the novel itself. Then, the secondary data sources are the books about psychoanayisis, references from internet about After Dark, and other sources, which are have relation to the anaylisis. The method of data collection is library research and the technique of data collection is descriptive technique.
Based on the anaylisis, the writer get some conclusions. The study shows that the problem faced by the minor character is her own frustation and psychology condition. It is proved by her jealeous and frustation about daily activity as a famous person. This kind of syndrom may happen in almost teenager’s mind in the beginning of process raising the age. The role of parents, religion, teachers, lectures and good society however is really important for teenager development.
