ANCAMAN JENIS ASING INVASIF
DI KAWASAN HUTAN INDONESIA
Titiek Setyawati
Jambore Penyuluh Kehutanan
Jogyakarta, 15-18 Mei 2013
PUSAT LITBANG KONSERVASI DAN REHABILITASI
BADAN LITBANG KEHUTANAN
KEMENTERIAN KEHUTANAN
Invasif Alien Species bagian CBD Rio de Janeiro tahun
1992 => UU No 5 tahun 1994.
Artikel 8(h):
Contracting party as appropriate as possible shall prevent the
introduction, eradicate alien species that threaten
ecosystems, habitat and species
Proses invasi => manifestasi kompetisi antar species,dan
dapat saja terjadi pada species asing atau species lokal.
Invasi biologi dikonsepsikan sebagai proses bertingkat,
dimana tingkat atas hanya dapat dicapai kalau dapat
melewati tingkat di bawahnya
Jenis Asing belum tentu invasif vs Jenis lokal bisa menjadi
Berbagai macam cara introduksi
baik sengaja maupun tidak
Jalan masuk: perdagangan, tukar
menukar spesimen (penelitian dll),
ornamen, media perhubungan,
turisme, dll
di P.Jawa tidak kurang dari 1936
tumbuhan asing (187 fam) 7 tahun
yang lalu, sekarang mungkin lebih
dari 2000 species => 330 spesies
invasif
Tantangan: persebaran IAS cepat
vs kebijakan masih lemah/kurang
45
Photo: Wikipedia
Originate: Native
Indonesia and Africa
Kind of Invasion:
Covering the savannas
Location:
1. Bukit Barisan Selatan N ational Park. 2. Lembah Anai Nature Reserve
Ecology and Control:
This species is endemic to Indonesia. Based on field visit in BBS national park, this species become invasive due to excessive land opening and miss management of the national park. It is invasive because it outcompetes native plant species, forms dense stand, provides poor wildlife habitat and is highly flammable. The grass is encouraged by burning, which does little damage to the underground rhizomes.
Control measure including spraying glyphosate in autumn. Burning several months before spraying apparently enhances uptake of the herbicides. Planting trees can shade out the grass.
Imperata cylindrica
55
39. Ageratum conyzoides L.
Photo: Wikipedia
Originate: Non Native
Central America, Tropical America, South America and the Caribbean
Kind of Invasion:
Disturbing to natural vegetation
Location:
1. Meru Betiri National Park.
Ecology and Control:
Ageratum conyzoides is a weed distributed in many tropical and subtropical countries
and is often difficult to control. It has been found that Ageratum significantly reduces total biomass and species number, that is biodiversity. It also changes vegetation community structure and modifies the soil regieme.
A. conyzoides is shallow-rooted and relatively easy to control using mechanical means.
As it is a prolific seeder, it is important to destroy plants before they flower. A wide range of herbicides have been used to control the weed selectively in major crops.
Ageratum conyzoides
57
41. Acacia decurrens Willd. Syn: Mimosa angulata (Desv.) Poir.; Mimosa decurrens Donn.; Mimosa decurrens Wendl.
Photo: Purwaningsih
Originate: Non Native
Australia
Kind of Invasion:
Disturbing to natural vegetation
Location:
1. Merapi National Park. 2. Merbabu National Park 3. Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Ecology and Control:
Under favourable conditions, A. decurrens has become a serious weed problem (e.g. in Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand and South Africa) as it spreads rapidly via seed and root suckers, and the development of dense thickets has negative consequences for native biodiversity and obstructs water flow. If established in dense stands, the accumulation of shed foliage from A. decurrens forms a thick ground cover which, over time, eliminates the growth or establishment of other vegetation at the site (Ruskin, 1983). A. decurrens is one a number of invasive species in South Africa that obstructs watercourses and reduces water flow (Hill et al., 2000).
Uses for it include chemical products, environmental management, and wood.The flowers are edible and are used in fritters. An edible gum oozing from the tree's trunk
