PROCEEDINGS
THE 1
STINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON LOCAL LANGUAGES
EMPOWERMENT AND PRESERVATION
OF LOCAL LANGUAGES
Editors
I Nengah Sudipa
Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya
Made Budiarsa
I Nyoman Darma Putra
Udayana University
ii
“Empowerment and Preservation of Local Languages”
Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Local Languages
Copyright © 2018 All rights reserved
Editors
I Nengah Sudpa Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya
Made Budiarsa I Nyoman Darma Putra
Cover Design
Espistula Communications Bali
Cover Photo
Balinese Offering Cake “Sarad” by Arba Wirawan
“Baligrafi” (2016) by I Nyoman Gunarsa, made for Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies)
Layout
Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa
Publisher
Udayana University Press Organized by
Masters and Doctoral Programs of Linguistics Faculty of Arts, Udayana University
in collaboration with
Local Languages Researcher Association ISBN: 978-602-294-262-7
iii
PREFACE
This proceedings contain 116 papers that cover various range of topics on local languages and beyond, most of them based on current research. We thanks to invited speakers and paper presenters for their enthusiasm in supporting the 1st International Conference on Local
Languages (ICLL) 2018. We believe that the papers not only will encourage productive discussion among presenters and participants but also inspire further research in the respected field.
It is a great pleasure for us to welcome you in our conference, here at the Faculty of Arts, Udayana University. It is perhaps the first conference for most of us to attend in the New Year 2018, before other academic activities, research, and conferences alike are filling up our time table ahead.
We deeply thanks to your support to come and share your knowledge and expertise to our conference. Your presence and contribution did make our conference a great success.
Our conference on local language is a continuation of the conference on bahasa Ibu (Mother Tongue) which held annually by Postgraduate Linguistics Program, Udayana University, for ten times consecutively. This year marked the new face of the conference as we uplifted it from national into international conference.
Despite the change in the level and scope, we maintain the focus and the date of the conference which are on local language and in February, the important month to the international spirit of preserving and developing of local languages.
In 1999, UNESCO declared 21 February as International Mother Language Day (IMLD). IMLD was established to help preserve local languages from the possibility of extinction or marginalisation, but also to promote global awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity.
Since then, a lot of research has focused on the existence and linguistic uniqueness of local languages. Despite this, more effort and research is needed that not only focuses on UNESCO’s mission, but ensures the sustainability and life of local languages.
International Conference on Local Languages (ICLL) is a scientific forum dedicated to empowering and preserving local languages. The aim of the conference is to provide an opportunity for academics, researchers and students from various disciplines to share their expertise, concerns, and research results in preserving and promoting local languages.
The conference is purposely organised in February 2018 in order to bring UNESCO’s mission of respecting local languages into a productive scientific exchange.
The committee have selected eight related and challenging topics for the conference as listed below.
Exploration on the universality and uniqueness (phonology, morphology, and syntax) 1.
iv
Socio-cultural dimension of local languages as a resource of culture and strengthening 2.
identity in global era
Language policy and national language development, in the context of preservation 3.
of local languages as mother language and indigenous languages
Multilingual and multicultural dilemma in the preservation of local languages and 4.
national language
Strategies of empowering local languages through education channels 5.
Translation as an effort to empower and preserve local languages 6.
Empowerment of literature and oral tradition as pillars of local languages sustainability 7.
and viability
The use of Communication and Information Technology (CIT) in the preservation of 8.
local language and literature as well as language creative industries
We have received a lot of support to held this conference and therefore it is time for us to thanks them all. Firstly, to Prof. AA Raka Sudewi the Rector of Udayana University and Prof. Luh Sutjiati Beratha,M.A. the Dean of Faculty of Arts, for their all support and guidance.
Secondly, to our invited speakers including A/Prof. Dr. Harra Mayuko (Osaka University), Prof. Dr. Cece Sobarna, M.Hum. (Padjadjaran University), Dr. F.X. Rahyono, M.Hum. (University of Indonesia), Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Darma Putra, M.Litt. (Udayana University), and Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sedeng, M.Hum. (Udayana University).
Thirdly, to member of international advisory board including Prof. Ben Ambridge (The University of Liverpool, UK), Prof. David Bradley (La Trobe University, Australia), Prof. Clifton Pye (The University of Kansas, America), Dr. Richard Fox (University of Heidelberg, Germany), Dr. Thomas M. Hunter (The University of British Columbia, Canada), Dr. Dwi Noverini Djenar (The University of Sydney, Australia), Dr. I Wayan Arka (Australian National University).
Fourtly, to both Dr. Made Sri Satyawati, M.Hum. and Prof. Ketut Artawa, M.A., Ph.D. as the head of the Masters and Doctoral Programs of Lingustics, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University, respectively, and to Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, M.A., head of Local Languages Researcher Association, for valuable their scientific advise and daily encouragement to make this conference happened.
Last but not least my appreciation are due to all committee member of the conference who have been untiringly make the conference happened as expected.
Denpasar, 23 February 2018
Head of the Conference Committee Ida Ayu Laksmita Sari
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TABLE LIST OF CONTENT
Preface ... Message from the Dean of Faculty of Arts, Udayana University ... Message from The Rector of Udayana University ... Table List of Content ...
KEYNOTE SPEAKER
“HONORIFICS” IN THE USAGE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND TERMS OF ADDRESS IN THE BALI AGA DIALECT
Hara Mayuko ...
INVITED SPEAKER
TOPONYMY AS A CULTURAL RESOURCE AND STRENGTHENING OF IDENTITY: A CASE STUDY ON SUNDANESE COMMUNITY IN SOUTHERN PART OF WEST JAVA
Cece Sobarna ...
MEDIUM OF MODERNITY: BALINESE LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEMPORARY LITERARY LANDSCAPE
I Nyoman Darma Putra...
EMPOWERING PROPOSITIONS OF WISDOM IN PRESERVATION OF LOCAL LANGUAGES
F.X. Rahyono ...
THE STRUCTURE OF RESULTATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN BALINESE
I Nyoman Sedeng ...
PRESENTER
DISTRIBUTION OF BAJO LANGUAGE FONOLOGY IN BAJO ISLAND ISLAND DISTRICT SAPE DISTRICT BIMA NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Aditya Wardhani ...
THE VERB ‘CARRY’ IN BIAK LANGUAGE: A NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE ANALYSIS
Adolfina Krisifu ...
“CAK CUK SURABAYA”: STRATEGI OF STRENGTHENING SURABAYA’S IDENTITY
Akhmad Idris, Iga Bagus Lesmana ...
iii iv v viii 1 11 19 29 39 47 55 65
viii
BALINESE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE BY YOUNG GENERATION WHO COMES WORSHIPING JAGATNATHA TEMPLE WHILE OFFERING CANANG
Anak Agung Putri Laksmi Dewi, Ni Wayan Manik Septianiari Putri ...
BALINESE LANGUAGE TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS AT ONE EARTH SCHOOL BALI INDONESIA
Anak Agung Sagung Shanti Sari Dewi ...
MEANING OF VERB “LOOKING” IN BALINESE LANGUAGE: AN APRROACH OF NATURAL SEMANTICS METALANGUAGE
Anak Agung Sagung Wid Parbandari ...
THE FIRST STEP IS ALWAYS DIFFICULT: THE REVITALIZATION OF KUI LANGUAGE IN SCHOOLS
Anggy Denok Sukmawati ...
PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION AND LINGUISTIC MAPPING IN GRESIK: STUDY OF GEOGRAPHICAL DIALECT
Anis Zubaidah Assuroiyah, Namira Choirani Fajri ...
THE PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS AND RULE OF JAVANESE COASTAL LANGUAGE: GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY APRROACH
Apriyani Purwaningsih ...
THE ROLE OF BISSU IN MATTOMPANG ARAJANG AS TRADITIONAL CULTURE AND KNOWLEDGE PRESERVATION OF BUGINESE IN BONE
Arga Maulana P, Moch. Ricky Ramadhan, Moh. Caesario Nugroho, Ashabul Kahfi Susanto ...
SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CULTURE IN THE JAVANESE FOLKLORE AS A SOURCE OF CULTURAL EDUCATION AND IDENTITY ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Barokah Widuroyekti, Titik Setyowati ...
COMPARING THE LEVEL OF BALINESE LANGUAGE ACQUISITION USING THE VOCABULARY LEVEL TEST
Denok Lestari, I Wayan Suadnyana ...
THE SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF BALINESE VOCABULARY IN THE INDONESIAN COMPREHENSIVE DICTIONARY
Deny Arnos Kwary, Ni Wayan Sartini, Almira Fidela Artha ...
71 77 83 87 93 99 105 113 121 127
ix
YOUTH MOVEMENT: A STRATEGY TO PRESERVE LOCAL LANGUAGES
Desak Gede Chandra Widayanthi...
THE USE OF BALINESE IN ADVERTISEMENTS AS AN EFFORT OF PRESERVING LOCAL LANGUAGE
Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi, I Komang Sulatra, Komang Dian Puspita Candra ...
PERSONAL PRONOUN IN PONTIANAK MALAY
Dewi Ismu Purwaningsih ...
UTILIZATION OF PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATION FOR KOMERING-INDONESIAN DICTIONARY
Dita Dewi Palupi ...
SUNDANESE CULTURE AND LANGUAGE IN MANAQIB ACTIVITIES BY JAMAAH PESANTREN SURYALAYA-TASIKMALAYA
Djarlis Gunawan ...
THE KNOWLEDGE PRESERVATION PROCESS OF TAMBO IN MINANGKABAU
Febriyanto, Tamara Adriani
INNOVATION IN THE CENK BLONK : AN EMPOWERMENT SRATEGY OF LOCAL LANGUAGE THROUGH BALINESE SHADOW PUPPET PERFORMANCE
Gede Yoga Kharisma Pradana ...
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IN SONG LYRICS SETARA BETARA (SAME AS GOD) AND GUNUNG NENTEN TONG SAMPAH (MOUNTAIN IS NOT A RUBBISH BIN) BY SEVEN CEBLOCK
Gusti Agung Ayu Kesuma Wardhani ...
THE USE OF WORD “WATER” IN INDONESIAN AND BALINESE PROVERBS: AN APPROACH OF SEMANTICS COGNITIVE
I Gde Pasek Kamajaya, Ni Made Bulan Dwigitta Prativi ...
INTEGRATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES IN BALINESE SHORT STORY “KUTANG SAYANG GEMEL MADUI”
I Gde Nyana Kesuma ...
BALINESE COMICS: AN EFFORT TO SUSTAIN AND ENFORCE THE BALINESE LANGUAGE AMONG CHILDREN IN BALI
I Gede Gita Purnama A.P. ...
133 137 143 149 155 161 173 183 191 197 203
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LOANWORD PHONOLOGY IN TRANSLATING BALINESE CULTURAL TERMS INTO JAPANESE WITH REFERENCE TO JTB PUBLISHING BOOK ON BALI ISLAND
I Gede Oeinada ...
KARMAPHALA IN AKUTAGAWA RYUNOSUKE’S SHORT STORY ENTITLED HELL SCREEN
I Gusti Agung Ayu Made Dianti Putri ...
HIDDEN MESSAGE IN SIAP SELEM
I Gusti Ayu Gde Sosiowati, I Made Rajeg...
EMPOWERING LOCAL BALINESE TERMS TO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WITH DESCRIPTIVE UNDERSTANDING
I Gusti Ngurah Parthama ...
THE SYNTACTIC BEHAVIOR OF PERSONAL PRONOUN IN NUSA PENIDA DIALECT
I Ketut Darma Laksana ...
INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA AS NEW BALINESE LANGUAGE LEARNING FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
I Ketut Setiawan, I Nyoman Jayanegara ...
THE APPLICATION OF METAFUNCTIONS IN BALINESE LANGUAGE OF SATUA BALI “I BELOG”
I Ketut Suardana ...
EXPLORING THE SOCIAL RULES BEHIND THE USE OF BALINESE COURTEOUS EXPRESSIONS: A SOCIAL APPROACH
I Ketut Warta ...
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF MORPHOPHONEMIC PROCESESS OF THE BALINESE DIALECT OF NUSA PENIDA
I Nyoman Adi Jaya Putra ...
MOTIVATION STRENGTHENING IDENTITY THROUGH BALINESE SCRIPT IN TATTOO MEDIA
I Nyoman Anom Fajaraditya Setiawan, Putu Satria Udyana Putra ...
MARATHI LOCATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
I Nyoman Aryawibawa ... 209 215 221 227 233 239 245 251 259 265 271
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THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF BALI: THE CASE OF THE TRADITIONAL YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS OF SEKEHA TERUNA
I Nyoman Tri Ediwan ...
AN ECOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE REGARDING TOPONYMS IN GIANYAR SUB-DISTRICT
I Putu Gede Hendra Raharja ...
AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME IN NUSA PENIDA DIALECT
I Wayan Agus Anggayana, I Ketut Mantra ...
INDONESIAN DEFAMATION CASES IN POLICE INVESTIGATION: A FORENSIC LINGUISTICS STUDY
I Wayan Pastika ...
SYNCHRONIC GRAMMATICALIZATION AS FOUND IN THE BALINESE SERIAL VERBS
I Wayan Sidha Karya ...
VERBAL ABUSE OF CURSING IN BALINESE MYTHS
I Wayan Simpen, Ni Made Dhanawaty ...
THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURES OF DOING TYPES OF ACTION VERBS IN BALINESE LANGUAGE
Ida Ayu Agung Ekasriadi ...
THE EQUIVALENCE OF BALINESE FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS INTO ENGLISH
Ida Ayu Made Puspani ...
STRATIFICATION PERSPECTIVE OF CATUR WANGSA IN TUTUR CANDRA BHERAWA: A STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY OF LITERATURE
Ida Bagus Made Wisnu Parta ...
RESHAPING THE PARADIGMN OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING TO HARMONIZE LOCAL LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE
Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya ...
WAYANG FOR THE PRESERVATION OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE AN ANALYSIS OF MAHABHARATA EPISODE’S GATUTKACA GUGUR (THE FALL OF GATUTKACA)
Indrawati, Sri Samiati Tarjana, Joko Nurkamto ...
277 283 289 299 309 315 321 329 338 341 347
xii
RELATIONSHIP OF SASAK AND SAMAWA LANGUAGES: DIACHRONIC STUDY IN THE LANGUAGE KINDSHIP OF AN ETHNIC GROUP IN INDONESIA
Irma Setiawan ...
PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE OF BUGINESE INTO INDONESIAN BY BUGIS SPEAKERS IN CENTRAL SULAWESI (A TRANSFORMATIONAL-GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY STUDY)
Jaya ...
STYLISTIC-GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS AND CULTURAL MEANINGS IN MINANGKABAUNESE
Jufrizal ...
LEARNING STRATEGY OF BALI LANGUAGES THROUGH NEW MEDIA CONTENT
Kadek Ayu Ariningsih, I Nyoman Widhi Adnyana ...
BALINESE CULTURAL TERMS IN ENGLISH MEDIA TOURISM PROMOTION PUBLISHED BY DENPASAR TOURISM OFFICE
Kadek Ayu Ekasani, Ni Luh Supartini ...
THE EXISTENCE OF BALINESE LANGUAGE IN TRANSMIGRATION AREA OF LAMPUNG PROVINCE
Kadek Feni Aryati, I Putu Bagus Endra Susanta ...
ENRICHING AND NOT SIMPLY COMPETING: BALINESE LANGUAGE IN CONVERSATIONAL INTERACTION IN BALI
Kadek Ratih Dwi Oktarini ...
REDUPLICATION PROCESS OF BALINESE LANGUAGE IN MEN BRAYUT STORY
Ketut Riana, Putu Evi Wahyu Citrawati, Gede Eka Wahyu ...
CONSERVATIVE OR PROGRESSIVE (EXISTENCE OF JAVA LANGUAGE)
Krisna Pebryawan ...
HUMOR IN DOU MAMPINGA SA UMA-UMA ON MPAMA MBOJO: A RESEARCH OF PSYCHOLOGY LITERATURE AND ANECDOTAL TEXT OF INDONESIAN LEARNING K13
Kurniawan, Solihin ...
COMMISSIVE IN BATAK KARO
Laili Mahmudah ... 355 363 373 383 387 397 405 415 421 427 435
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LOSS AND GAIN OF INFORMATION OF THE CULTURAL TERMS IN THE SHORT STORY EEKOR AYAM PANGGANG AND A ROAST CHICKEN IN RELATION TO THE TARGET LANGUAGE READER’S UNDERSTANDING
Lina Pratica Wijaya ...
PROMOTING THE LOST VOCABULARIES OF LOCAL LANGUAGES TO REVITALIZE THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE
Lis Setiawati ...
THE LEXICONS OF VERB ‘FALING” IN SUNDANESE LANGUAGE: NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACH
Luh Gde Inten Purnama Sari Setiawan, Ni Putu Yunita Dewi ...
GEGURITAN KAPIPARWA: CHARACTER AND LANGUAGE ANALYSIS
Luh Putu Puspawati, I Made Suastika ...
SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION ON CHILDREN MIXED MARRIED BETWEEN JAVANESE AND BALINESE
Luh Putu Ratnayanti Sukma ...
‘LIR ILIR” PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
Lukia Zuraida ...
LOCAL BEING WITHOUT NATIONAL: LINGUISTIC DILEMMA IN GILI KETAPANG PROBOLINGGO, EAST JAVA
Lukiyati Ningsih, Khadijah Aufadina ...
LOCAL LANGUAGE CONTENT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM THROUGH THE MEDIA INFORMATION (LONG-COM PROGRAM) TO CHANGE SOCIETYS PERSPECTIVE OF LOCAL LANGUAGE IN INDONESIA
M. Izzudin Ma’ruf ...
THE USE OF LINGUISTIC POLITENESS AND METAPHOR AMONG SASAK SPEAKERS IN RELIGIOUS SETTINGS
Mahyuni, M. Amin, Arifuddin, Ahmad Junaidi ...
CULTURAL MEMORY IN SU’I UWI SUSTAINABILITY AT NGADHA FLORES
Maria Matildis Banda ...
441 447 455 461 467 473 479 483 489 505
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THE EXISTENCE OF DOLANAN SONG IN KINDERGARTEN AS A STRATEGY TO EMPOWER THE JAVANESE LANGUAGE : A CASE STUDY OF ROUDLOTUL ULUM KINDERGARTEN, MOJOKERTO
Marta Widyawati, Dwika Muzakky Anan Taturia ...
STRENGTHENING JAVA LANGUAGE ACCENTS MALANG: CASE STUDY BLOG BAYU SKAK VIDEOS ON YOUTUBE
Mia Maulana Sarif ...
REVEALING THE CULTURAL FEATURES OF PAPUAN MALAY LANGUAGE
Monika Gultom ...
GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENCE IN THE ARABIC-JAVANESE TRANSLATION: THE EXPLORATION OF DIVERSITY IN GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES ACROSS LANGUAGES
Muhammad Yunus Anis ...
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN INFLUENCING BALINESE PEOPLE USE LOCAL LANGUAGE (BALINESE LANGUAGE)
Ni Luh Made Dwi Ari Septiani ...
CONSTITUENT MERGING OF SIMPLE CLAUSES IN BALINESE
Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati ...
THE USE OF NUSA PENIDA BALINESE PHONEME /h/ (A CASE STUDY OF NUSA PENIDA PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN DENPASAR)
Ni Made Ayu Widiastuti, A. A. Sagung Shanti Sari Dewi, Sang Ayu Isnu Maharani ...
HOW ANIMALS PERSONIFICATION ACCOMPLISHED IN CHILDREN’S STORY
Ni Wayan Sukarini ...
LINGUISTIC IDEOLOGY AND MULTI-IDENTITY (RE) CONSTRUCTION: A STUDY CASE OF MANGGARAI - FLORES DIASPORA IN BALI
Ni Wayan Sumitri, I Wayan Arka...
TOGA DANCE IN SIGUNTUR KINGDOM CULTURE AS MALAY HISTORICAL RELICS TO STRENGTHEN MINANGKABAU IDENTITY
Nidya Fitri, Dewa Ayu Widiasri ...
YAWII: A VERB OF MOTION TOWARD GOAL AND MOTION AWAY FROM SOURCE IN MEE Niko Kobepa... 511 517 523 529 537 539 547 555 561 569 577
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LANGUAGES PRESERVATION IN CEPUNG: ORAL TRADITION, COLLA BORATION OF SASAK AND BALI COMMUNITY ON LOMBOK ISLAND
Nining Nur Alaini ...
EXPLORATION ON VERB ‘BAHA’ IN PAKKADO, MANDAR, INDONESIA: A STUDY OF NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE
Nirwan ...
CULTURAL VALUES IN TRADITIONAL EXPRESSION OF SASAK TRADITIONAL INTERCOURSE
Niswatul Hasanah, Malihah Hafiz ...
RECIPIENT ROLE IN BALINESE GIVING VERB CONSTRUCTION
Nyoman Sujaya ...
ADJECTIVES IN LUBUKLINGGAU DIALECT OF PALEMBANG MALAY LANGUAGE THROUGH MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX ANALYSIS
Oktaria Hasiyana ...
A RITUAL TO COMMUNICATE WITH GOD OF THAI-KHMER GROUP : A CASE STUDY OF JOAL MAMAUD RITUAL, MUANG DISTRICT, SURIN PROVINCE, THAILAND
Phra Dhammamolee, Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Suthat Pratoomkaew, Thittayawadee Intarangkul, Suriya Klangrit, Samroeng Intayung ...
JAVA ENCYCLOPEDIA BASED ON JAVANESE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE FOR MILENIAL GENERATION
Prembayun Miji Lestari, Retno Purnama Irawati, Mujimin ...
INSIGHT OF DIGITAL FOLKLORE IN RELATION TO EDUCATION
Putu Irmayanti Wiyasa ...
CONTRASTIF ANALYSIS BALI AND MANDARIN LANGUAGES PRONUNCIATION
Putu Prinda D`amour Nisa ...
STRENGHTENING AND DEVELOPING LOCAL LANGUAGE LITERATION THROUGH LOCAL CONTENT CURRICULUM OF PRIMARY SCHOOL IN SYSTEMIC-FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE
Putu Sutama, Maria Arina Luardini, Natalina Asi ...
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN BALINESE PROVERBS WITH THE LEXICONS OF FAUNA
Putu Zalsa Swandari Putri, Ni Made Mitha Suandari ...
583 589 597 605 613 623 629 635 641 647 655
xvi
EXISTENCE OF LOCAL LANGUAGES IN THE VARIOUS GENRE OF POPULAR MUSIC IN INDONESIA
Ranti Rachmawanti ...
BANYUMAS JAVANESE DIALECT LANGUAGE IN THE TRADITIONAL CEREMONY OF BANYUMAS COMMUNITY MARRIAGE
Ratih Kusumastuti ...
THE EFFORTS TO MAINTAIN THE MOTHER TONGUE IN BEKASI
Ratu Badriyah ...
THE POWER OF BATAK TRADITIONAL SONG IN REPRESENTING LIVING VALUES
Romaida Lubis ...
TERMS OF ADDRESS IN THE BELITUNG ISLAND SOCIETY: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACH
Sandy Nugraha
LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF OUTDOOR SIGNS IN CUSTOMARY VILAGE OF TEGALTAMU, GIANYAR
Sang Ayu Isnu Maharani ...
LANGUAGE ATTITUDE AND LANGUAGE USE A GROUP OF PEOPLE TOWARDS LOCAL LANGUAGE RELATED TO ETHNIC IDENTITY
Satyawati ...
AGROLINGUISTIC ISSUES, AGRICULTURAL LEXICONS AND MUSEUM NAGARI IN WEST SUMATRA
Sawirman ...
METAPHORS USAGE IN THE MARRIAGE PROPOSAL RITUAL IN MANGGARAI, EAST FLORES
Sebastianus Menggo ...
PERCEIVED ADDRESS TERMS IN PM BY PAPUAN AND NON PAPUAN SPEAKERS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Servo P. Kocu ...
PHAHYA : WORD EFFECTS TO E-SARN PEOPLE’S LIFE
Sowit Bamrungphak ... 661 667 673 679 687 693 669 703 709 715 721
xvii
SPEECH LEVELS OF BAWEAN ISLANDERS LANGUAGE: CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS IN BAWEAN LANGUAGE
Sri Wiryanti Budi Utami ...
ANCIENT LANGUAGE IN SACRED RITUAL OF BUDDHIST THAI-KHMER PEOPLE IN MUANG DISTRICT, SURIN PROVINCE, THAILAND
Suthat Pratoomkaew, PhraRajdhammasansudhi Teerangku, Phramaha Khuntong
Khemasiri, Phramaha Tongchai Thammathawee, Yasothara Siripaprapãgon ...
FIRST PERSON POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTION IN MADURESE LANGUAGE
Tunggul Puji Lestari, Dwita Laksmita Rachmawati ...
THE DERIVATED CLAUSE STRUCTURES IN KAILI LANGUAGE, DIALECT RAI
Ulinsa, Yunidar ...
THE FORMATION OF IDIOM IN BIMA LANGUAGE: PERSPECTIVE MORPHOLOGY SYSTEM
Umar ...
ORAL PROFICIENCY IN TAMIL LANGUAGE: AN ISSUE IN MAINTAINING TAMIL LANGUAGE
Vijay Khana ...
THE MAINTAINED USE OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE IN SURABAYA URBAN SOCIETY
Wahyu Sekti Wijaya ...
IDENTIFIYING SENTANI CHILDREN’S DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING THEIR LOCAL LANGUAGE
Wigati Yektiningtyas ...
BOL : THE RITUAL AND ART OF DETECTING THE CAUSE OF ILLNESS IN KHMER PEOPLE SURIN PROVINCE,THAILAND
Wan Suwanpong, Prayoon Saengsai, Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Karisandh Sengmas, Somkid Sukjit, Suriya Klangrit ...
ANCIENT SACRED LANGUAGE PRESENTED IN GALMORE RITUAL OF BUDDHIST THAI-KUI PEOPLE IN SURIN PROVINCE, THAILAND
Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Wan Suwanpong, PhraKan KantaDharmmo, Suriya Klangrit, Samroeng Intayung ... 727 733 739 747 755 761 767 773 781 787
xviii
“PHAYAR” A LANGUAGE THAT REFLECTS THE DOCTRINE IN THE LIFE OF THAI-KUY ETHNIC GROUP IN SURIN PROVINCE OF THAILAND
Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Prayoon Saengsai, Wan Suwanpong, Suriya Klangrit, Samroeng Intayung ...
KIEH IN MINANGKABAU’S TAMBO
Yendra ...
793
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BALINESE CULTURAL TERMS IN ENGLISH MEDIA TOURISM PROMOTION
PUBLISHED BY DENPASAR TOURISM OFFICE
Kadek Ayu Ekasani1, Ni Luh Supartini2
Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bali Internasional
ekasani@stpbi.ac.id1, supartini@stpbi.ac.id2
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to see the category of Balinese cultural terms in media tourism promotion published by Denpasar Tourism Office. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method where the data studied in the form of words and phrases about the terms of Balinese culture. Qualitative methods produce descriptive data either in the form of words - written and oral expression of the people and behavior observed. The result of data analysis is presented by informal method where the result of data analysis is presented by using sentence and technical term to formulate and explain every research problem. From the results of the study found there are 3 types of categories of Balinese cultural terms, namely categories of material culture, social culture, and categories of traditions and concepts.
Keywords: Balinese cultural terms, promotion media, tourism promotion
I. INTRODUCTION
Tourism today has become a huge industry sector. The growth of tourism globally experienced a fairly rapid growth and it turned out to provide a very large contribution to the Indonesian economy. As one of the promising sectors, several cities and districts in Indonesia have placed this sector as a key sector in the economy of each region. Tourism Department has an important role in the development of tourism in a region, both in terms of physical, social, economic and cultural. Tourism Office is a Government Agency that served as the party that carries out promotion and development of the Tourism sector in their respective areas to attract tourists.
As a tourism center, Denpasar has a lot of tourism object and culture that make Denpasar as a potential and strategic tourism destination. The development of tourism objects and culture in the city of Denpasar makes many tourists who visit, both domestic tourists and foreign tourists. To keep increasing the number of tourist arrivals in the city of Denpasar, the Denpasar city government made efforts to increase it. One of them is to create a tourism promotion materials in the form of an English-speaking tourist guidebook that will be intended to inform the city of Denpasar tourist attraction to foreign tourists.
This book contains a variety of information about attractions and cultural attractions, as well as various tourism potentials in the city of Denpasar in particular and Bali in general. As
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stated in the speech of Mayor of Denpasar, I.B.Rai Dharmawijaya Mantra, S.E., M.Si. in Discover Denpasar, that this book is expected to be a media promotion Denpasar city in particular, which can provide information to the visitors about the object of tourism and the values of art and culture so that will always be a priority for both domestic tour lovers to visit the island of Bali, in particular, Denpasar. The term Balinese culture inserted in the book, for domestic tourists still can be understood and understood but will have little difficulty for foreign tourists to understand these cultural terms, given the use of the term still many that are not translated into English.
The purpose of this study is to find out the category of Balinese cultural terms that are contained in the media promotion of English tourism city of Denpasar. Culture in Anthropology is often interpreted as a whole system of ideas, actions, and the work of human beings in the framework of community life that belongs to human beings through the learning process (Harsojo, 1984). Kroeber and Kluckhohn define culture consisting of the explicit, implicit, and behavioral patterns acquired and transmitted by symbols, which are the special achievements of a group of people, including the manifestations of their ancient civilizations; and the essence of this culture resulted from their military values and traditional ideas. (Akbari, 2013: 14)
Kroeber and Kluckhohn in his book Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, defines the meaning of the word “culture” into 6 types of definitions, as follows.
a. The descriptive definition emphasizes the elements of culture;
b. Historical definitions emphasize culture as a heritage of one community with another;
c. The normative definition emphasizes the norms of life and behavior;
d. Psychological definitions emphasize the use of culture in adapting to the environment, solving problems, and learning life;
e. Structural definition emphasizes the nature of culture as a patterned and orderly system; and
f. The genetic definition emphasizes the culture as the work of man.
From the above definition, can be drawn understanding about culture is a series of activities in a particular society as a characteristic consisting of various systems, sourced from historical and genetic that will affect the level of knowledge and include the system of ideas or ideas contained in the human mind, so that in life daily, the culture is abstract.
Culture and language have a very close relationship in which language as a communication tool will always follow the rules of culture as a way of life for the community. According to Newmark (1988), culture as the way of life and its manifestation that the peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression. Culture is the view of life or way of life and its manifestation that is peculiar to a society that uses a particular language as a means to express it. So the language used by a society is influenced by the way of life, and its specific manifestations within each community. Newmark (1988) divides the culture into five, that is:
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ecology, including flora, fauna, and landscape. a.
material culture, including food, clothing, houses or buildings, and transportation b.
social culture, including social stratification and social activity in leisure time. c.
organization, customs, ceremonies, and concepts, and d.
typical physical habits and expressions. e.
Promotion is an effort made to adjust tourism products to the demand of tourists so that the product becomes more attractive. The appeal is the key to a tourism promotion effort that is always packed with a model that can be an attraction for tourists interested in buying.
According to Gromang (2003: 151), tourism promotion moved from prediction and related to efforts to trigger the possibility of tourist sales. This tourism promotion covers all planned activities including the deployment of information, advertisements, films, brochures, guidebooks, posters, and others. So it can be said that the promotion of tourism through the guidebooks and calendar of activities that have been published by the Denpasar Tourism Office plays an important role in achieving success to introduce the city of Denpasar to foreign tourists.
II. METHOD
This research is a gradual process, from planning and design research, determining the focus of research, time research, data collection, analysis, and presentation of research results. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method where the data studied in the form of words and phrases about the term Balinese culture. The approach in this study follows the steps of qualitative research work. Qualitative methods produce descriptive data either in the form of words - written and oral expression of the people and behavior observed (Moleong, 2007: 3).
The type of data is qualitative data in the form of Balinese cultural terms in the media of tourism promotion in the English language of Denpasar City. There are two types of data sources namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source is the tourism promotion media of Denpasar City, Discover Denpasar. While, the secondary data is data obtained as supporting data that is from the results of interviews with officers in Denpasar Tourism Office. The technique of data collection in this study used document review, and interviews. Data analysis is done with several steps as follows:
Observing the term Balinese culture that is contained in the media promotion of the a.
English language city of Denpasar.
Identify categories of Balinese cultural terms. b.
Conducting interviews with officers at the Denpasar Tourism Office regarding the use c.
of the term Balinese culture on tourism promotion media that has been previously recorded.
Identify the purpose of using the term Balinese culture. d.
Draw a conclusion. e.
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III. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This section describes the category identification of Balinese cultural terms which are not translated into English in English language promotion media of Denpasar Tourism Office. The category of Balinese cultural terms that are not translated on the medium of tourism promotion in English language Denpasar City, as follows:
Material Culture 1. Keris a. (p.9) h. genta (p.15) Gamelan b. (p.9) i. bajra (p.15) Dokar c. (p.9) j. Endek (p.21) Pendopo d. (p.11) k. Bemo (p.21) Pewaregan e. (p.11) Padmasana f. (p.12) Candi bentar g. (p.13) Social Culture 2. Karawitan a. (p.9) Pasar senggol b. (p.9) Puri c. (p.9) Kecak d. (p.24) Barong e. (p.24) Tradition 3. Melasti a. (p.22) Concept Paseban a. (p. 11) Keris a.
Keris is a traditional Balinese weapon that has much uniqueness. Seen from the shape of
the keris has a sharp side on either side or two-edged, with a straight shape (luk). Keris that has many names depending on the number of luks in each keris. The parts of the keris are
Wilahan, Ganja, Dhapur, Pamor, Danganan, Werangka, and Wewer. Keris is made by wrought
technique and blended by pamor iron. Keris in the Hindu community has many functions as a magical object to protect themselves from the disturbance of evil spirits or supernatural beings; as a means of religious ceremony; as a complement of dances.
Gamelan b.
Balinese gamelan is a tool of traditional sounds that have differences with the gamelan in general, both in terms of shape and how to play it. For example, the Javanese gamelan is played in a slow tempo, while the Balinese gamelan is played with a faster tempo. Balinese
gamelan is usually displayed as an accompaniment of a performance of art, both the nature
of the sacred and entertainment. There are three types of Balinese gamelan, namely old, middle (madya) and new gamelan. In the old group, there are instruments such as gambang,
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saron, selonding kayu, gong besi, gong luwang, selonding besi, angklung kelentang and gender wayang. In middle gamelan there are instruments such as pengambuhan, semarpagulingan, pelegongan, bebarongan, joged pingitan, gong gangsa jongkok, babonangan and rindik gandrung. In the new gamelan there are instruments such as pengarjaan, gong kebyar, angklung bilah 7, joged bungbung and gong suling.
Dokar c.
Dokar is a traditional vehicle that uses a horse as a towing. The existence of the dokar in
Bali is getting less and only seen in certain areas only.
Pendopo d.
Pendopo is a wide and open building, used for meetings, meetings, and other purposes
that have to do with the public interest.
Pewaregan e.
The term of pewaregan is the other names of kitchen which generally serves as a place for cooking. But the term pewaregan is used to mention a kitchen in the temple (Hindu shrine) located on the outer courtyard (Jaba pisan).
Padmasana f.
Padmasana is the place to pray and put Balinese offerings. The word padmasana consists
of two words: “padma” means lotus and “asana” means sitting attitude. The lotus flower is chosen as an appropriate symbol of the holiness and majesty of Hyang Widhi (God) as it fulfills the elements:
The leaf blossom is eight in accordance with
1) Hyang Widhi’s manifestation in the eight
directions as horizontal position: East (Purwa) as Iswara, Southeast (Agneya) as Maheswara, South (Daksina) as Brahma, Southwest (Nairiti) as Rudra, West (Pascima) as Mahadewa, Northwest (Wayabya) as Sangkara, North (Uttara) as Vishnu, Northeast (Airsanya) as
Sambhu.
The top of the crown is in the form of flower essence depicting the symbol of
2) Hyang Widhi’s
vertical position in manifestation as: Siwa (adasthasana / base), Sadasiwa (madyasana / middle) and Paramasiwa (agrasana /top).
The lotus flower lives in three realms, they are soil / mud called
3) pertiwi, water is called
apah, and air is called akasa. The lotus flower is the main means in the ceremonies of
Panca Yadnya and is also used by Pandita (Hindu priest) when doing surya sewana (Sun worship).
Candi Bentar g.
Candi Bentar is the name of the gate in the form of two similar buildings, which do not
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connected at the bottom by the stairs. Candi Bentar is usually found in the entrance temple in Bali. The other functions of Candi Bentar is also as a barrier between nista mandala and
Madya mandala which is very important to determine the location of the temple accordance
with asta kosala as a reference in the traditional architecture of Bali.
Genta h.
Similar to the Balinese culture term Bajra, genta is also a Balinese cultural term which has closely relation to Bajra, where some parts of Bajra weapons are applied to genta as head and grip. Genta is used in accompanying puja and mantra by Hindu priest in Bali in leading the implementation of ceremony.
Bajra i.
Bajra is a weapon from God Iswara. This term is used as the naming of Balinese people’s struggle monument, the Bajra Sandhi Monument.
Endek j.
Bali has a variety of woven fabrics known as endek. The endek was initially worn by the nobility only. But over the times, endek can be worn by the whole society, even worn also in daily activities by the people of Bali. Endek is made by woven by giving the motif on the pakan thread. Giving motif is done by binding certain parts of the thread before dipped to form a motive. Threads that have been tied, dyed, dried, and rolled on a coil that will braid on the thread of lungsi (the thread in a vertical direction). In contrast to the stretch of lungsi, the
pakan thread that has been patterned will not appear until it is woven. Bemo
k.
The term Bemo is commonly referred to a tricycle motor or “becak motor” and is commonly used as a public transport in Indonesia, but the term bemo in Bali is different from that of a tricycle in general. Bemo in Bali is a four-wheeled vehicle that usually has its own color, depending on routes.
Karawitan l.
Karawitan is an art of processing sounds or traditional instruments. Karawitan divided into
three types, namely vocal, instrumental, and instrumental vocal karawitan. Vocal karawitan uses human voice as the source of sound, for example sekar rare, sekar alit / tembang macepat,
sekar madya, and sekar agung. Instrumental kariwitan (gamelan) is a karawitan produced
from one or several tools. For example: Old, Middle (Madya), and New Group. Instrumental vocal karawitan is karawitan where there is a composite element between human voice and musical instrument. For example: Gegitan.
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Pasar Senggol m.
The term pasar senggol in Bali is already known by foreign tourists in Bali. Pasar senggol is located in all regency in Bali which generally starts from afternoon until evening. The mention of pasar senggol itself because the place between one stall to another is so close so there was a nudge between buyers. Finally, this became a tradition for Balinese people to maintain a sense of tolerance among buyers.
Puri n.
The term puri in Bali is the name for the residence of Balinese nobility, especially for those who still have kinship ties with the kings of Bali. Based on the caste division system in Bali, puri is occupied by the nobility of the knight caste.
Kecak o.
The next term of Balinese culture is the Kecak dance which is one of the traditional arts from Bali created in the 1930 ranged by a dancer and artist from Bali namely Wayan Limbak.
Kecak dance is a dance derived from Shangyang ceremonial creations that are sacred and
should only be done in the temple. To be able to display it as entertainment facilities, then Wayan Limbak innovate by making a dance inspired by the Shangyang movement and making it a famous dance movement to foreign countries. In this dance only use the sound
“cak-cak-cak-cak” as the music accompaniment, and is usually accompanied by a sendratari that tells
the story of the Ramayana, the event of the abduction of Goddess Shinta by Ravana until his release by Rama and his troops.
Barong p.
Barong dance is about the conflict between Dharma (goodness) against Adharma (evil).
This dance is also very famous in foreign countries, so foreign tourists who come to Bali commonly always take the time to see this show.
Melasti q.
Melasti is a purification ceremony to welcome the Nyepi day by all Hindus in Bali. The Melasti ceremony is performed on the beach in order to purify the sacred objects of the temple
(God’s pralingga or pratima and all its equipments). The objects are paraded and carried around the village, which aims to purify the village. The execution of the Melasti ceremony is complemented by various offerings as the symbol of Trimurti, the 3 gods in Hinduism, namely
Vishnu, Shiva, and Brahma, and Jumpana, the throne of the Brahma god. Paseban
r.
Paseban is located in the area of the castle, is a large hall that is used to face the kings
in Bali. Similar to the pendopo, the term paseban is also contained inside of the castle, but the difference between pendopo is from the function of the building. Pendopo functioned as a place for meeting that has relation with the public interest, while paseban functioned as a
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place for meeting with the king.
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the discussion that has been done, then the conclusion in this study is the category of Balinese cultural terms used in the media promotion of the city of Denpasar is the category of material culture (keris, gamelan, dokar, pendopo, pewaregan, padmasana, temple bentar), social culture (karawitan, senggol market, puri, kecak, ), tradition (melasti), concepts (paseban).
REFERENCES
Akbari, M. 2013. The Role of Culture in Translation. Jurnal of Academic and Apllied Studies. vol 3 [8]. Dapat diaksek di http//academia.org.
Dinas Pariwisata Kota Denpasar. 2016. Discover Denpasar. Denpasar
Gromang, Frans dan Yoeti. 2003. Manajemen Kepariwisataan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.
Harsojo. 1984. Pengantar Antropologi. Bandung. Bina Cipta.
Moleong, J. 2007. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Rosdakarya
