Ph y siologica l Se e d Pe r for m a n ce of Loca l Ace h a n d N a t ion a l
Re le a se Va r ie t y of Rice (
Or y z a sa t iv a
L.) t o W a t e r St r e ss
1
Cut Nur I chsan,
1Bakht iar,
1Efendi, and
1*Sabarudin
1
Depart m ent of Agrot echnology, Facult y of Agricult ure, Syiah Kuala Universit y, Darussalam ,
Banda Aceh 23111, I ndonesia;
* Corresponding Aut hor
: zak_sabar@yahoo.com
Abst r a ct
Global w arm ing causes changes in rainfall pat t erns causing lack of w at er for cult iv at ion ( I PPC, 2007) . About 50% of t he rice cult iv at ion area in t he w orld has w at er short ages w h ich becom es lim it ing fact ors of product ion ( Bou m an, 20 09) , hence t he need early det ect ion for drought -resist ant v ariet ies w it h seed phy siological t est . The ex perim ent carry out at Laborat ory Seed Technology and I ndust ry of Agricult ure Facult y Sy iah Kuala Univ ersit y from April t o Ju ne 2015. The ex perim ent in split plot design 3X10 w it h 3 replicat ion and st anding roll w et paper germ inat ion m et hod used. Am ount of 2250 seed are used for phy siological seed perform ance t est . Wat er st ress condit ion induced w it h PEG 6000 0% ; 12.5% ; 25% . Local genot y pe and nat ional released v ariet y of rice used in t his experim ent are Bo Sant eut , Rom ok ot , Sanbei, Pade m as, Aw euh, I npari 16, I R 6 4, Sit u Pat enggang, and Tow ut i. Con cent rat ion s of Poly et hilene Glicol 60 00 ( PEG 6 000) hav e significant effect on all phy siological param et er. Som e local rice Aceh genot y pes pot ent ially t o be cult iv at ed on dry lands t o cope w at er st ress condit ions. Ke y w or ds: PEG 60 00, w at er st ress, rice, germ inat ion
I n t r od u ct ion
Early det ect ion of genot ype / rice variet ies that are tolerant of wat er st ress need t o be done early t o
save t im e and costs. Wat er st ress induced by osm ot ikum t reat m ent using various m aterials such as
NaCl and PEG as well as ot her com pounds that can affect water potent ial solut ion t o create water
st ress condit ion. Genot ypes / variet ies wit h good physiological response under condit ions of wat er
st ress is expect ed to grow well in water st ress land. PEG 8000 at a concent rat ion of 15% has been
able to show a different response t o water st ress resist ance in rice ( Ballo
et al
, 2012) . PEG 6000 at
25% is effect ive for detect ing drought resistance in rice germ inated seeds ( afa
et al
, 2013) . t he
physiological response of local and nat ional released variet ies are used t o determ ine the resist ancy of
genot ypes and variet ies to grow in condit ions of water st ress. so t hat it can be est im at ed for chances
of genot ype and variet ies which can grow on dry land. Genot ypes and variet ies t hat are able t o m ake
osm ot ic adj ustm ent by producing various com pat ible com pounds are resist ant t o drought condit ions
( Redillas et al, 2013) .
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t h ods
Pr oced ur e
The experim ental design used is Split Plot 3 x 10 wit h 3 replicat ions. There are 2 factors st udied which
were PEG 6000 concent rat ion with 3 levels ( 0% ; 12,5% ; 25% ) as t he m ain plot s and variet ies ( Bo
Santeut , Rom okot , Sanbei, Pade Mas, Aweuh and 5 Nat ional Variet ies t hat are : I npari 16, I R 64, Sit u
Patenggang, Margasari, Towut i) as a subplot. St anding rolled wet paper germ inated seed test use in
t his experim ent which consist of 90 unit s . every unit consists of 25 seeds. The germ inat ion m et hod
used is st anding rolled wet paper seed test.
Th e p a r a m e t e rs obse rv ed in th is st ud y ar e
:
1. Potent ial Seed Growt h ( PSG)
PSG ( % ) =
%
2. Germ inat ion Percent age( GP)
GP ( % ) =
3. Seed Growt h Rate ( SGR) =
( % / et m al)
4. Growing sim ultaneit y ( GS)
5. T50 ( Tim e needed for 50% germ inat ion)
T
50( days) = t i + (
) ( t j - t i)
6. Dry Weight of Norm al germ inated seed ( DWNS)
dried in oven at tem perat ure of 60C for 3 x 24 hours. Then weighed and expressed in gram s.
D a t a An a lysis
Analysis of variance was perform ed separately for each t reatm ent and each variet y ( ANOVA). Means
were t ested by Honest y significant difference at p = 0.05 ( HSD = 0.05) .
Resu lts a nd D iscussion
The effect PEG 6000 concent rat ion and Variet y on potent ial seed growth, germ inat ion Percent age,
seed growth rat e, growing sim ultaneit y, t im e for 50% germ inat ion and dry weight of norm al
germ inat ed seed. honest y significant difference t est use t o see significancy between level of each
fact ors as seen in table 1 below.
Ta b le 1 .
Average Value of Param et ers Effect by Wat er St ress wit h PEG 6000
Tr e a t m e n t PEG 6 0 0 0
Th e pa r a m e t e r s obse r ve d
PSG ( % ) GP ( % ) SGR ( % / e t m a l) GS T5 0 ( D a y) D W N S ( g)
Kont rol 9.88 b ( 97.20)
9.80 c ( 95.60)
3.75 c ( 13.60)
9.80 c ( 95.60)
2.74 b ( 7.00)
0.9 a ( 0.31)
12.5% 9.81 b ( 96.00)
9.24 b ( 86.00)
3.29 b ( 10.59)
8.65 b ( 76.67)
2.98 c ( 8.4)
0.92 b ( 0.35)
25% 9.01 a ( 82.93)
1.00 a ( 0.93)
0.74 a ( 0.06)
0.71 a ( 0)
1.02 a ( 1.4)
1.00 c ( 0.51)
HSD 0,05 0.23 0.14 0.02 0.13 0.11 0.01
( Figures in brack et s are t he original dat a, out side t he brack et s is t he dat a t ransform at ion using t he arc. sin√x + ½ )
Table 1 shows value of rice seed germ inat ion physiological param et ers t hat indicate t he difference due
t o t he influence of wat er st ress effect of concentrat ion of PEG 6000, affected t he physiological
perform ance of rice seed. Because of decreasing in pot ent ial water at concent rat ion of PEG 6000 0% ,
12.5% and 25% becom e -0.03, - 0,49 and - 0,99 MPa. Make lim it ing water im bibit ion in seed. these
results in accordance wit h Suardi 2010, Ballo 2012, Afa 2013 where increasing concent rat ions PEG
6000 effected lower of physiological perfom ance of rice seeds. I ncreasing concent rat ions of PEG 6000
also resulted increasing dry weight of norm al Germ inat ed seed at 12,5% PEG 6000. I n t he above table
looks at a concent rat ion of 12.5% increase in weight when com pared wit h cont rol of wit hout PEG 6000
( - 0.03 MPa). Physiological responce of wat er st ress involves several process sim ultaneously. First
response of recept ion signal st ress of water by roots or em bryos, followed by a decrease in t urgor
pressure, decreased pot ensial water and process osm ot ic adj ustm ent, it t urn t o reduce the growt h
rat e ( Lisar et al, 2013) som e of t he biochem ical process can also occur in water st ress condit ion, t he
decrease t ransien m et abolism and im port ant enzym es. act ive m et abolism of som e soluble com pound
product ion such as MDHA, Glybet, Proline and t ocoferol as well as an increase in ant i- oxidant s such as
SOD, CAT, APX, POD, GRX, MGHAR and decrease t he accum ulat ion of ROS wit h act ive ant i- oxidants.
under wat er st ress condit ion are also affected by m olecular response in t he form of gene expression –
such as a gene t hat produces ABA, LEA, DSP, RAD, Dehidrin which can affect germ inated seed
t olerance t o water st ress.
Effect of genot ype and variet y of physiological param eter of rice seed shows at table 2 below.
Table 2. Average Value of Physicological param eter of Rice Seed
Va r ie t ie s
Pa r a m e t e r Assist e d
PSG ( % )
GP ( % )
GS ( % / e t m a l)
SGR ( % )
T5 0
( D a y) D W N S ( g)
Bo Sant eut 9.84 b ( 96.44)
6.76 c ( 63.56)
2.70 b ( 8.76)
6.64 ab ( 61.33)
2.10 a ( 4.89)
0.87 a ( 0.26)
Rom ok ot 9.91 c ( 97.78)
6.72 c ( 62.67)
2.65 b ( 8.39)
6.69 ab ( 62.22)
2.14 a ( 5.11)
0.91 b ( 0.34)
Sanbei 9.77 ab ( 95.11)
6.76 c ( 63.56)
2.66 b ( 8.53)
6.71 ab ( 62.67)
2.10 a ( 4.89)
Pade Mas 9.89 c
( 13.84) ( 8.78) ( 0) ( 96.00) ( 50.67) ( 0)
Sit u Pat enggang 3.79 c ( 13.90)
3.42 b ( 11.21)
0.77 a
( 0.09) Sit u Pat enggang
10.02 c ( 100)
9.26 c ( 85.33)
0.71 a ( 0)
Margasari 3.82 c ( 14.09)
3.30 b ( 10.44)
0.71 a
( 0) Margasari
9.96 c ( 98.67)
8.55 b ( 73.33)
0.71 a ( 0)
Tow ut i 3.69 c ( 13.08)
2.15 b ( 4.25)
0.71 a
( 0) Tow ut i
9.62 c ( 92.00)
5.45b ( 29.33)
0.71 a ( 0)
H SD 0 . 0 5 1 .3 8 H SD 0 . 0 5 4 .2 7
( Figures in brack et s are t he original dat a, out side t he brack et s is t he dat a t ransform at ion using t he arc. sin√x + ½ )
Table 7. The av erage v alue of t he int eract ion bet w een t he v ariet ies and concent rat ion of PEG t o T50
Table 8. The Av erage v alue of dry w eight of norm al seedling( DWNS) due t o int eract ion bet w een t he PEG 6000 w it h Variet ies
PEG 6 0 0 0 ( % ) PEG 6 0 0 0 ( % )
Ge n ot ype / Va r ie t y 0 1 2 . 5 2 5 Ge n ot ype / Va r ie t y 0 1 2 . 5 2 5
Bo Sant eut 2.00 a 2.33 a 3.33 a Bo Sant eut 0.84 a ( 0.21)
0.84 a ( 0.21)
0.93 b ( 0.36)
Rom ok ot 2.00 a 2.00 a 3.67 a Rom ok ot 0.88 a ( 0.27)
0.90 b ( 0.31)
0.96 c ( 0.43)
Sanbei 2.00 a 2.00 a 3.67 a Sanbei 0.90 b ( 0.32)
0.92 b ( 0.35)
1.00 c ( 0.49)
Pade Mas 2.00 a 2.67 a 4.00 a Padi Em as 0.91 b ( 0.34)
0.94 b ( 0.39)
1.01 c ( 0.51)
Aw euh 2.00 a 3.00 a 4.33 a Aw euh 0.86 a ( 0.25)
0.89 a ( 0.29)
0.96 c ( 0.42)
I npari 16 2.00 a 2.00 a 5.00 a I npari 16 0.95 b ( 0.40)
0.96 c ( 0.43)
1.06 d ( 0.63)
I R 64 2.00 a 3.00 a 5.33 b I R 64 0.89 a ( 0.30)
0.94 b ( 0.38)
1.04 d ( 0.58)
Sit u Pat enggang 2.00 a 2.00 a 3.33 a Sit u Pat enggang 0.92 b ( 0.34)
0.94 b ( 0.39)
1.03 d ( 0.57)
Margasari 2.00 a 2.00 a 6.33 b Margasari 0.88 a ( 0.28)
0.91 b ( 0.32)
0.99 c ( 0.47)
Tow ut i 2.00 a 2.67 a 3.67 a Tow ut i 0.94 b ( 0.38)
0.98 c ( 0.47)
1.05 d ( 0.61)
H SD 0 . 0 5 3 .2 8 H SD 0 . 0 5 0 .0 6
( Figures in brack et s are t he original dat a, out side t he brack et s is t he dat a t ransform at ion using t he arc. sin√x + ½ )
From Table 3 t o t able 8, show t hat t he increasing of PEG 6000 concent rat ion decrease t he
physiological param eter of seed test ed. Local genot ype and nat ional release variet y has various
response in int eract ion wit h concent rat ion of PEG 6000. Local Genot ype Aweuh, Sanbei, Pade Mas and
Rom okot have alm ost t he sam e perform ance. I npari 16, Sit u Pat enggang have bett er perform ance
t han ot her genot ype and variet y.
The average value of 50% germ inat ion due t o the interact ion between t he variet ies and concent rat ion
of PEG 6000. At a concent rat ion of 0% PEG 6000 all variet ies have t he sam e t im e t o reach 50%
germ inat ed seed t he sam e as at PEG 6000 25% , but at a concent rat ion of 12.5% genot ype Aweuh,
Pade m as, I R 64, Margasari, Towot i need longer t im e for T50. Genot ype Bo Sant eut , Sanbei, I npari 16
and Situ Patenggang have shorter t im e for T50. I n general, respond of Aceh local genot ype and
nat ional variet y of rice t ested have t he sam e response at 25% PEG6000. As well as incont rol. But , at
12.5 % PEG 6000. Genot ype Bo Santeut , Rom okot and Sanbei have t he sam e response which are
bet t er than ot her t wo genot ypes. For nat ional release variet y situ pat enggang inpari 16 and Margasari
have bet t er respond physiologically t o cope wat er st ress.
Response of concent rat ion of PEG 6000 at local genotype aceh and nat ional release variet y are sim ilar
wit h ot her research result . At oat , PEG 6000 - 0,75 MPa at 8 ° C germ inat ion cham ber increases
m edian germ inat ion t im e but decrease final germ inat ion percent age and root lengt h (Mut
et al
, 2010) .
PEG 6000 10% - 20% decrease m axim um germ inat ion of rice ( Yari
et al
, 2012) . PEG 6000 10% and
15% decrease germ inat ion percent age ( Neshad
et al
, 2013) . At - 1 and - 1.2 MPa decrease plum ula
lengt h and at - 1.2 m Pa germ inat ion st opped ( Toosi
et al
, 2014). PEG 6000 at - 1.25 for t wo days
increases MTE (Mean Tim e Germ inat ion) (Solanga
et al
, 2008) . PEG 6000 at 15 % decreases
germ inat ion percent age , at 30% germ inat ion of tom at o seed st opped ( li
et al
, 2014).
Con clusions
Aceh local genot ypes were t ested and nat ional variet ies have different responses t o water st ress.
From t he physiological response of genot ypes/ variet ies tested, there are several variet ies and
genot ypes will able t o survive in condit ions of wat er st ress. A Sanbei local genot ype and Pade Mas,
and Situ Patenggang variet ies have bet t er physiological response wit h increased wat er st ress induced
by increased concent rat ions of peg 6000.
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