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B ProblemFormulaitons ... 4 .
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D Deifniitono fTerms ... .... 5
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C ... 6 .
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies ... 6 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheori es ... b .
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1 Theoryo fCharacteirzaiton ... 9 .
2 Theoryo fPostcolonial ... 1 2 .
3 Reviewont heI ndigenou sSocietyi nWesternAusrtaila 1 4 .
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1 JimmyMunday ... 25 .
2 JoeMliilmurra ... 29 .
3 MillyMliilmurra ... .... 33 .
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C TheSrtuggleoftheI ndigenou sPeople ... 45
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s i v a D k c a J n i s r e t c a r a h C h g u o r h T n e e S a il a r t s u A n
i No Sugar .Yogyakatra : a
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. 3 1 0 2
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T No Sugar ,a play w irtten by Jack Davis .The play t a e r g e h t g n ir u d a il a rt s u A f o e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t f o e l g g u rt s e h t s e s i a r
t u o b a s ll e t y a l p e h T . a il a rt s u A n i n o i s s e r p e
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l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t y b d e r e f f u s e r a s t n e m t a e
rt .T he rteatment st irgge rthe
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rt whtie setlters .The th rid problem analyze sthe srtuggle o fthe e
l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
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il p p a r e ti r w e h
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r e lt t e
s s .Thewhtiesetlter s rteatt hei ndigenou speoplei nfeiro lry .Jimmy ,Joeand y
ll i
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e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
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T . e l g g u rt s s u o n e g i d n
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t s and no table to have
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i the fris tsetlte rsincet hey are no tnumerou sand t hey e h t e v a h o t e l g g u rt s e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h T . e l y t s e fi l n w o r i e h t e s o o h c t o n n a c
n a il a rt s u A n o m m o c e h t s a y ti n u tr o p p o d n a t h g ir e m a
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
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A Backgroundoft heStudy
e y d e r d n u h e n o n a h t e r o
M ar sago, t hei ndigenou speoplewere ifgh itngf o r
r o f t n e m e v o m t s ri f e h T . n o i s s e r p p o l a i c a r d n a n o i s s e s s o p s i d o t e c n a t s i s e r
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u A e h t g n i d u l c n i d e m r o f e r e
w srtailanAbo irgine sProteciton .Byt hemiddleoft he
9
1 thcentury,t heeconomica lstiuaitoni nAusrtailai si nagrea tdepression .Du irng
r i e h t g n i s u a c d n a k a e p s ti g n i d a e l e n i g ir o b A o t n o i s s e r p p o e h t , d o ir e p t a h t
n o it a l u p o
p todecrease( Read ,2006 .)
ti
L eraturei samedium t o l earn t hehuman expe irencebecause tii sbased
e c n e ir e p x e n a m u h n
o . One o fAusrtailan poe tlaureate ,Jack Davi suses the
n o i s s e r p e D t a e r G e h t g n ir u d e l g g u rt s s u o n e g i d n i e h t e b ir c s e d o t e r u t a r e ti l m u i d e m
e r r a W d n a k e ll e W . a il a rt s u A n
i n i n Theoryo fLtieratureexplain t hatl tieraturei s
: 6 5 9 1 ( k r o w t r a e h t s a d e n if e d e b n a c d n a n e tt ir w s i t a h t e fi l n a m u h f o e g a m i n a
. ) 4
9 Klarers aidt hatl tieraturei sdfiferentf romanyw irtteno rp irntedt ex,ts ucha s
.s w o ll o f s a d e n i a l p x e e H . c t e , s k o o b e n o h p e l e t
e h t h ti w , n o i s s e r p x e n e tt ir w f o y t e ri t n e e h t s a o t d e r r e f e r s i e r u t a r e ti L
s a d e z ir o g e t a c e b n a c t n e m u c o d n e tt ir w y r e v e t o n t a h t n o it c ir t s e
r ltierature
.) 1 : 9 9 9 1 ( d r o w e h t f o e s n e s t c a x e e r o m e h t n i
e
H arguest hatt hel tierary work shouldbei ncludedsuch a s“aestheitc”o r
r e v e f o s t x e t r e h t o m o r f h s i u g n it s i d o t ” c it s it r a
“ ydayuse( 1999 :1) .Ther eadero fa
k r o w y r a r e ti
1 e h
t 9 -29 1934 in Ausrtalia which wa sin grea tdepression du irng tha tpeirod in
a il a rt s u A n r e t s e W , m a h tr o
N (h ttp/:j/ohnwatsonstie.com/MyClassNotes /
l m t h . S N 8 y a s s E / y a s s E / s c i p o
T ). Thi splay i stelilng abou tan Abo irgina lfamliy
s a w n a il a rt s u A n e h w d n a p m a c a n i g n i v
il in agrea tdepression .Thi sAbo irgina l
y li m a
f quesiton saboutt he naitonaltiyof et h indigenou speoplei n Ausrtaila .The
f fi d d e t a e rt e r a e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i erenlty from the whtie sby the governmen to f
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t , n e v E . a il a rt s u
A areno tallowed t o marchont het ownand
w e h
t htie sare no tallowed to hang ou twtih the indigenou speople . The main
s i y a l p s i h t n i e m e h
t abou t the racia l rteatmen t by et wh htie s toward et h
. e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i Tatang Iskarna on hi sjourna lJack Davis ’No Sugar :A
S c it a m e l b o r P ’ s e n i g i r o b A f o t i a r t r o
P truggle said t ha tsince t hewhtie ssetlted in
d o o g e b d l u o c t a h t e g n a h c l a r e v e s e d a m y e h t , a il a rt s u
A o rbad improvement .
w e h t e c n i
S htie scamet o Ausrtaila, t heAbo irgine’s ltierature changed from ora l
w d o h t e m n e tt ir w e h T . e r u t a r e ti l n e tt ir w o t e r u t a r e ti
l a sbrough tbyt hef ris tsetlte r
m o r f s i h c i h
w Europe .On the othe rhand ,the wh ties intend to colonize the
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i .He added tha tin thi splay there i san issue abou thow the
e h t e s u f e r e n i g ir o b
A whtie shegemony a sfollow .s “No Whtie ,meaning there
’ n d l u o h
s tbenoWh tiesi n Ausrtaila”(2004 :91) .The itlteNo Sugarcan betaken
. s d o o f e k a m o t r a g u s d d a o t n o it i d a rt ’ s e ti h W e h t s i r a g u s e s u a c e b ” e ti h W o N “ s a
s i h t f o c i p o t e h
T study i show indigenou speople srtuggle against et h
whtie’ s rteatmen tdu irng t he grea tdepression revealed t hrough t he characters i n
t a h t s r e t c a r a h c l a r e v e s e z y l a n a o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h T . y r o t s e h
t p lotthestoryinorde r
e l g g u rt s s u o n e g i d n i f o s e r u t c i p e h t d n a t s r e d n u o
u r t
S ggle o f the Indigenou s People In Austra ila A s Seen Through The
y a l P ’ si v a D k c a J n i s r e t c a r a h
c NoSugarast het opicoft hist hesi .s
.
B ProblemFormula iton
e e r h t s e t a l u m r o f r e ti r w e h t ,s i s e h t s i h t f o c i p o t e h t n i a l p x e o t r e d r o n I
. s m e l b o r p
.
1 Howaret hecharactersofi ndigenou speopledescirbed?
.
2 Howdot heWhtie srteatt hei ndigenou speople?
.
3 Howa rethesrtuggleo ftheindigenou speopler evealedt hrought he
s r e t c a r a h
c ?
.
C Objec itve soft heStudy
h t r e w s n a o t s i y d u t s s i h t f o e s o p r u p e h
T e quesiton o fthe wrtie rha s
e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t n i a t b o o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h T . e v o b a d e n o it n e m y d a e rl a
f o d n i k d n if o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h t n e h T . t p ir c s y a l p e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c l a r e v e s
e v a h t a h t s r e t c a r a h c e h t d r a w o t y a l p e h t n i n o i s s e r p p
o beenmenitoned before .By
e h t y fi t n e d i o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h t , s n o i s s e r p p o e h t d n a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e s o h t g n i v a h
.s n o i s s e r p p o e h t t s n i a g a e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i f o e l g g u rt s
.
e k il d l u o w r e ti r w e h t ,s m r e t n i a tr e c n o g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o t r e d r o n I
f e d o
t ine some term stha tare o tfen menitoned in thi sstudy based on severa l
.s e c n e r e f e r
.
1 Characteirzaiton
n i n o m r a H d n a n a m l o
H AHandbookt oLtieraryTermssaidt ha tcharacte r
a s
i n example o f some vitrue o r type and no t a s an individuailzed
s u o l u r r a g a , n i k p m u b a , p o f a , n o tt u l g a , y d o b y s u b a s a h c u s y ti l a n o s r e p
.) 1 8 : 6 8 9 1 ( c t e , n a m d l o
.
2 Characters
s m a r b
A andHarpham in AGlossaryo fLtieraryTermsaid t ha tcharacter s
r e p e h t e r
a son represented in a dramaitc o rnarraitve work , who are
d n a , l a u t c e ll e t n i ,l a r o m r a l u c it r a p g n i s s e s s o p s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i
r i e h t d n a y a s s n o s r e p e h t t a h w m o r f s e c n e r e f n i y b s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e
.) 2 4 : 9 0 0 2 ( ti g n i y a s f o s y a w e v it c n it s i d
.
3 Indigenou sPeoples/Abo irginal
k o o b r i e h t n i n if fi T d n a s h ti f fi r G , tf o r c h s
A KeyConcepsti nPost-colonia l
s e i d u t
S menitoned tha tindigenou speople are those ‘born in a place o r
. ’ n o i g e
r Thei ndigenou speoplei st hef risti nhabtianti nar egion .Thist erm
n e u q e r f w o
n lty used a sa sho trened form o f‘Ausrtailan Abo irgine’ to
d n i e h t e b ir c s e
6
I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
o t d e t a l e r e r a t a h t s e ir o e h t e m o s n i a l p x e o t e r a s t n i o p s ’ r e t p a h c s i h
T thi s
d n a , s e i d u t s d e t a l e r f o w e i v e r s i e n o t s ri f e h T . s tr a p n i a m e e r h t f o s t s i s n o c t I . y d u t s
e h t n I . m s i c it ir c e h t s i e n o t s a l e h t d n a w e i v e r l a c it e r o e h t e h t s i e n o d n o c e s e h t
t f o t c e j b o e h t f o n o it a n a l p x e f e ir b s e v i g r e ti r w e h t , s e i d u t s d e t a l e r f o w e i v e
r he
k o o t t a h t e l p o e p l a r e v e s o t g n i d r o c c a y d u t
s Davis’ No Sugar a s thei rmain
g n it r o p p u s e h t f o n o it a n a l p x e e h t s e v i g r e ti r w e h t , w e i v e r l a c it e r o e h T . s i s y l a n a
e ir o e h
t sf ort he na alysis .
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
e H . a il a rt s u A n i t h g ir w y a l p k c a l b l a it n e u lf n i t s o m e h t f o e n o s i s i v a D k c a J
m u r o f a s a e g a t s e h t e s u o t s r e d n a l s I t i a rt s s e r r o T d n a s e n i g ir o b A r e h t o d e ri p s n i
. e l p o e p e ti h w h ti w g n it a c i n u m m o c r o
f No Sugar depicted t heforciblerelocaiton
e n i g ir o b A y t e n i n f
o st ot heMooreRive rSetltemen tdu irngt hedepresionyears in
s 0 2 9
1 -1930s (h ttp://www. ilvepefrormance.com.au/halloffamej/ackdavis1.html.)
r a g u S o
N i sa play abou tMliilmurra’ sfamliy ilving in Ausrtaila in the
’ a r r u m il li M . n o i s s e r p e D t a e r G f o e m
it sfamliy and othe rAbo irgina lfamliy are
e e t n a r a u g t o n d l u o c t n e m n r e v o g e h t e s u a c e b m a h tr o N m o r f r e v i R e r o o M o t t n e s
e h t ,t n e m n r e v o g e h T . n o it a r e h t y l p p u s o t m e h
t whtie ,do no t ilket heappearance
f
whtie ,excluding Frank who i sfirend of t hem ,and rty t o ifgh tagainst t he rule s
r o f ti f e n e b o n e v a h d n a e v it a n i m ir c s i d y r e v e r a t a h
t thei ndigenou speople.
e d n u n a s i e r e h
T rgraduate thesi s tha t discus ses postcoloniailsm ,
n i s r e t c a r a h c ’ I‘ y b d e t n e s e r p e R y t e i c o S e n i g i r o b A n i e c n a ts i s e R l a i n o l o c t s o P
u g l a r B o t k c a r T e h T s ’ r a g n o
W w irttenby EngOnny Lawaty .Thewrtie r ifnd sou t
e r s r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h t u o b a k r o w s ’ y t a w a I h ti w h c r a e s e r s i h t f o y ti r a li m i s e h
t vea l
y t e i c o s e n i g ir o b A f o e c n a t s i s e r l a i n o l o c t s o p e h
t (Lawaty ,2008 :ix) . Lawaty
e h t d n a y t e i c o s e n i g ir o b A f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t s a ’ I ‘ s r e t c a r a h c e h t s e s o o h c
t u o s d n if r e ti r w e h t , h c r a e s e r s i h t n I . y t e i c o s e n i g ir o b A f o e c n a t s i s e r l a i n o l o c t s o p
o n e g i d n i e h
t u ssrtuggle through the character so fMliilmurra’ sfamliy a sthe
. y t e i c o s e n i g ir o b A f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r
, y a l p s i h t f o e lt it e h
T NoSuga rha sace trainmeaning .Sugarencompasse s
o n s n a e m r a g u S o N . s e n i g ir o b A o t e v i g t n e m n r e v o g e h t t a h t n o it a r e h
t raiton f o r
. e n i g ir o b
A Tatang Iskarna wrote “Jack Davis ’ No Sugar : A Porrtai t o f
r P ’ s e n i g ir o b
A oblemaitc Srtuggle” about t he meaning o f“no sugar” i n t he itlte.
t a h t d e t o n e
H No Sugarm nea s “No Whtie ,meaningt hereshould no tbeWhtiei n
n a c t i t u b , ” a il a rt s u
A oa ls mean“ Ihavenosugar ,Sri .Wouldyougivemesugar . I
d n e p e d e W . e ti h W . r M , r a g u s r u o y e k
il no you rsugar ,Mr .Setlter”( Iskarna ,2004
e h t g n o m a e l g g u rt s c it a m e l b o r p e h t e e s n a c e w , t n e m e t a t s s i h m o r F . ) 1 9 :
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i .Fris,t t he indigenou speople do no t ilket heWhtiesincet hei r
e h t s m r a h a il a rt s u A n i t n e m e lt t e
s indigenou speople’ slfie .
l a r u tl u c s i e r e h t , d n o c e
S shfi tsincet hesetltemen toft hewhtiepeoplet ha t
f o m o t s u c e h t e g n a h
e k a
m theAbo irgine sdo a sthewhtie sdo .Thewhtie ssupply t heAbo irgine wtih
n i g ir o b A t o n e r a y ll a r u tl u c h c i h w ; p a o s d n a r a g u s , t a e
m a lcustom .Thi saciton
d n e p e d e n i g ir o b A e h t s e k a
m sont hewhtie .Incompairssont ot hi sgraduatet hesis ,
the wrtie r ifnd s tha tthi sundergraduate thesi s discusse s the srtuggle o f the
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i du irng t hedepression yearsi n Ausrtailaand I skarnadiscusse s
e r u tl u c s u o n e g i d n i e h t f o e l g g u rt s c it a m e l b o r p e h t n
o that t hei ndigenou speople
s e ti h w e h t o t t n a d n e p e d e m o c e
b . The wrtie rfocuse son the oppression by the
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t o t s e ti h
w thatt hei ndigenou speoplehavet o dea lwtih t he
t s n i a g a e l g g u rt s y e h t w o h d n a s r a e y n o i s s e r p e d e h t g n ir u d a il a rt s u A n i n o it a u ti s
t n e m t a e rt l a u q e n u , e c i d u j e r p l a i c o s e h
t inl aw na dtherii nfeirors tatusi nAusrtaila.
r e h t o e h
T studie sabou tJack davis ’No Sugar i sw irtten by Jennfie r
e N c
M i lBerrtand .Shesaid t hat t hewh tie civiilzaiton causes t hedesrtuciton o fa
n ir b o t t p m e tt a y a l p e h t n i d e r u t a e f s r e z i n o l o c h s it ir B e h T . e r u tl u
c gciviilzaiton t o
y l e t a m it l u t u b , a il a rt s u A f o s e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e v it i m ir p e h t s a e e s y e h t t a h w
( n o it a c if ir u p l a i c a r f o m a r g o r p g n it a t s a v e d a n o k r a b m
e h ttp/:j/ennfier-mcneli
-k c a j/ m o c . 1 0 1 e ti u s. d n a rt r e
b -davis- on -sugar---desrtuciton- fo -a-cutlure-a231716 .)
e h
T studie smenitonedabovet ha tbasedoni ndigenou speopleo fAusrtaila
e r a n o i s s e r p p o s e ti h w e h t o t e l g g u rt
s developedi nthi sundergraduatet hesis .From
n a m e r a e r e h t t a h t s d n if r e ti r w e h t ,s e i d u t s e s o h
t ykind sofs rtugglet hats howedby
. e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h
t The wrtiert irest o analyzehow t hei ndigenou speople i n
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories
.
1 Theory o fCharacter
k r o w e h t n I . k r o w y r a r e ti l e h t n i s t n e m e l e c i s n ir t n i e h t f o e n o s i r e t c a r a h C
’ s i v a D k c a J f
o No Sugar,t hemajo rcharacteri sabou tMliilmurra’sf amliy .Those
e h t t a h t s r e b m e m y li m a
f wrtie ri sgoing to analyze are Jimmy Munday ,Joe
, a r u m il li
M andGrandma .Eachcharacte rwilll eadt ot hemessageoft hes tory .
n i s c i k i
M A New Handbooko fLtieraryTerms ,assetrst ha teitmologically
‘ d r o w k e e r G m o r f s i r e t c a r a h c d r o w e h
t Kharakter’ fo ra mark o rstamp ;a
. n o s r e p a f o , n o it a r a l c e d r o , n g i s a ; e r u t a e f e v it c n it s i
d Acharacte rpresents ab ire f
3 5 : 7 0 0 2 ( l a i c o s r a il i m a f a f o h c t e k
s -54) . So ,i tcan be said tha tMliilmurra’ s
n i e fi l s ’ y li m a f l a n i g ir o b A f o n o it p ir c s e d a s i , y r o e h t ’ s c i k i M o t g n i d r o c c a , y li m a f
. a il a rt s u A
k o o b r i e h t n i n o m r a H d n a n a m l o
H AHandbooko fLtieraryTerms explain
c a r a h c t a h
t teri sdescirbed no ta sani ndividuailzedpersonaltiy bu ta sanexample
t I . ) 2 8 : 6 8 9 1 ( c t e , n o tt u l g a , y d o b y s u b a s a h c u s , e p y t r o e u tr i v r o e c i v e m o s f o
.s g n i h t e t a m i n a n i g n i d u l c n i o s l a t u b e t a m i n a y l n o t o n s i r e t c a r a h c t a h t s w o h s
, k o o b s i h n
I The Penguin Dicitonary o fLtierary Term ,Cuddon explain s
e h t t a h t s y a s e H . r e t c a r a h c o t h c a o r p p a s ’t s il e v o n e h t f o s n o it a t o u q e m o s h g u o r h t
6 2 1 : 8 9 9 1 ( e s r e v i n u e h t f o t n e m i d o b m e n a s a w , r e t c a r a h c , n a
m -127) .
.
2 Theoryo fCharacteriza iton
m a h p r a H d n a s m a r b
A in A Glossary of Ltierary Terms desc irbe stha t
k r o w e v it a r r a n e h t f o r o h t u a e h t s e m it e m o s t u B . n o it c a d n a h c e e p s s ’ s r e t c a r a h c
s g n il e e f d n a s t h g u o h t r e n n i s ’ r e t c a r a h c h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c a f o y ti l a u q e h t s t n e s e r p
.) 3 4 : 9 0 0 2
(
l a r u t a n d n a l a r o m s r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t , e r o f e r e h T
n i s e it il a u
q NoSugar ,can bedrawnbyt hei racitonandwhatt heyhavesaidi nt he
n i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c t u o b a n o it a n a l p x e f e ir b s e v i g k c i d l a B . y r o t
s The Concsie
f o y r a n o it c i D d r o f x
O Ltieratureasf ollows:
y a m s i h T . s k r o w c it a m a r d d n a e v it a r r a n n i s n o s r e p f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t
r o n o it p ir c s e d n i s e it il a u q f o n o it u b ir tt a e h t e k il s d o h t e m t c e ri d e d u l c n i
r e f n i o t s r e d a e r g n it i v n i s d o h t e m ) ’ c it a m a r d ‘ r o ( t c e ri d n i d n a , y r a t n e m m o c
. e c n a r a e p p a r o , h c e e p s ,s n o it c a ’ s r e t c a r a h c m o r f s e it il a u q
n i a l p x e e
H st hattherearet womethodst o analyzet hequaltiyoft hepersoni nt he
r e t c a r a h c e h t f o n o it p ir c s e d e v i g o t r o h t u a e h t f o y a w a s i s d o h t e m t c e ri D . y r o t s
e d f e ir b r o t n e m m o c t c e ri d m o r
f scirpiton i n t he narraitvestory .Indriec tmethod s
. fl e s r e h r o s i h y b n o s r e p e h t f o y ti l a u q e h t s r e f n i k r o w y r a r e ti l a f o r e d a e r e h t t e l
a m a r D e z y l a n A o t w o
H by Ch irstophe rRusse lReaske expose sway sto
r e t c a r a h c e z y l a n
a put ssix device sin which an autho rattempt sto make the
: 6 6 9 1 ( s r e d a e r e h t r o f e v il a e m o c e b d n a d n a t s r e d n u o t y s a e a m a r d a n i s r e t c a r a h c
6
4 -48) .Theway sare:
.
a The Appearanceo fthe Character .The playw irgh to tfen descirbest he
t a h t y a s o t s n a e m t I . e s n e s l a c i s y h p e h t n i r e t c a r a h c e h
t we can see the
s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c throughhow t hey l ook ilkeand how t hey
. p u s s e r d
.
b Aside s and Sollioquies . The characte irzaiton i s o f course through
u q o li l o s r e g n o
l ies .Thi sdevice si sone o fthe mos texper tdevice so f
. n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
.
c Dialogue between Characters . The language o fthe characte rwhen
. y ti l a n o s r e p r e h r o s i h o t s e u l c s e v i g s r e h t o o t g n i k a e p s
.
d Hidden Narra iton .The hidden narraiton in thi ssense tha ti ti sno tthe
a n i r e t c a r a h c e n o s a h t h g ir w y a l p e h t t u b , t n e m m o c t c e ri d s ’t h g ir w y a l p
.r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a t u o b a g n i h t e m o s e t a r r a n t a h t y a l p
.
e Language . Though Reaske assume stha tthe language o fany given
r e t c a r a h
c can no t be emohasized many itme s a s exrtemely cenrta l
e h t w o h r e b m e m e r o t l u f e r a c e b t s u m e w t a h t s tr e s s a e h t u b , s e t u b ir tt a
e h t t a h t s n o i s s e r p x e e h t d n a s k a e p s r e t c a r a h c a y a w e h T . s k a e p s r e t c a r a h c
. n r e c n o c t s ri f r u o e b s y a w l a d l u o h s s e s u r e t c a r a h c
.f Characteri nAciton .Theplaywirgh tchossest ohaveacharacte ro rmore ,
e h t d n a t s r e d n u y li s a e n a c e W . r e h t o n a n a h t r e h t a r y a w e n o n i g n it c a
e h t n i d e v l o v n i e r o m e m o c e b s r e t c a r a h c e h t s a r e t c a r a h c e h t f o y ti l a n o s r e p
. y a l p e h t f o n o it c a
n
I A Handbook to L tierature , Holman and Harmon say that
e h t r o f t s i x e y e h t t a h t o s s n o s r e p y r a n i g a m i e h t f o n o it a e r c e h t s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
. e k il e fi l s a s r e d a e
r A goodwrtier’ sp irmary attirbutei st heablitiy t o characteirze
: 6 8 9 1
( 18 -8 2 .)Hearguest hatt herearet hreef undamenta lmethodst ocharacteirze .
s i t i d n a n o it i s o p x e t c e ri d h g u o r h t n o it a t n e s e r p t i c il p x e s e v i g r o h t u a e h t , t s ri F
c e h t f o n o it a t n e s e r p e h t , d n o c e S . n o it c a y b d e t a rt s u ll
i haractersi n aciton wtihou t
w r
e h t e c u d e d o t e l b a e b l li
w att irbute so fthe acto rfrom the aciton .Thrid ,the
y b r e t c a r a h c e h t n o t n e m m o c t u o h ti w s i tI . r e t c a r a h c a n i h ti w m o r f n o it a t n e s e r p e r
s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s n o it o m e d n a s n o it c a f o t c a p m i e h t f o , r o h t u a e h
t inners efl ,wtih
s e t u b ir tt a e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r a e l c a o t e m o c l li w r e d a e r e h t t a h t n o it a t c e p x e e h t
.r e t c a r a h c e h t f o
.
3 Theory o fPostcolonial
u m r o f n if fi T d n a s h ti f fi r G , tf o r c h s
A latet het ermsi n studying postcolonia l
k o o b r i e h t n
i KeyConceptsI n Pos -t Colonia lStudiestha tpostcolonialdeal swtih
s e it e i c o s d n a e r u tl u c n o n o it a z il a i n o l o c f o s t c e f f e e h
t (Aschro tf ,2009 :186 .) The
l a i n o l o c n i h ti w s n o it c a r e t n i l a r u tl u c o t r e f e r o t d e s u t s ri f s a w ’ l a i n o l o c t s o p ‘ m r e t
s e it e i c o
s . Aschrof t e t a l state tha t the term postcolonia l mean s the pos t
d e z i n o l o c e h t s e s o p x e y r o e h t l a i n o l o c t s o p t a h t s n a e m t I . d o ir e p e c n e d n e p e d n i
.) 6 8 1 : 9 0 0 2 , tf o r h c s A ( s r e z i n o l o c e h t m o r f n o e v o m y e h t w o h n i s e ir t n u o c
l o rt n o c d n a t s e u q n o c e h t s a d e n if e d e b n a c m s il a i n o l o c m r e t e h
T o fothe r
: 8 9 9 1 ( m s il a i n o l o c t s o P / m s il a i n o l o C n i s e t o n a b m o o L s a s d o o g d n a d n a l s ’ e l p o e p
d e z i n o l o c e h t t u o b a s y a w l a t o n s i ’l a i n o l o c t s o p ‘ m r e t e h t t a h t s e t o n o s l a e h S . ) 1
f o t c e j b u s e h t e r a s e m it e m o s y rt n u o c r e z i n o l o c e h T . y rt n u o
c postcolonial ,asi ta s
e h
t agen tofr ulei nacolonizedcoun rty.
m o
S e o fpostcolonia lltierature is w irtten in Engilsh a sthe colonized
r e t n u o c o d o t y rt y rt n u o
c -discourse using ltierature . Bressle r in Ltierary
, e c it c a r P d n a y r o e h T o t n o it c u d o r t n I n A : m s i c it i r
C assetr stha tpostcoloniailsm
s n r e c n o c t a h t s i s y l a n a y r a r e ti l o t h c a o r p p a n a s a d e n if e d e b n a
, e l u r l a i n o l o c f o s t n e g a e h t e r e w s r e lt t e s e ti h W . s t c e j b u s l a i n o l o c t s o p d e r e d i s n o c
n I . ) 9 : 8 9 9 1 , a b m o o L ( y rt n u o c r e h t o m e h t h ti w s e c n e r e f fi d r i e h t t a h w r e tt a m o n
d
a diiton ,the term postcolonia lrefer sto speciifc group so fpeople (colonized
d n a e g n e ll a h c , e l u r l a i n o l o c t s n i a g a t h g if o h w s t s i v it c a d n a s l a u t c e ll e t n i ; ) y rt n u o c
o t r e d r o n i s s a l c d n a e g a u g n a l , e r u tl u c , e c a r f o s n o it i n if e d t n a n i m o d e s i v e r
i e h t e t a rt s n o m e
d rf eeilngt owardcoloniailsm( Loomba ,1998 :19-2 0 .)
r i e h t h ti w e r u tl u c s ’l a n i g ir o b A t u o b a e ti r w a r h s i M y a ji V d n a e g d o H b o B
e c a l P l a n i g i r o b
A .They ifnd tha tAbo irgina lar tand ltierature i sno t irch in
ir o b A . s e p a c s d n a l f o s n o it a c o v e d n a d n a l o t s e c n e r e f e
r ginei salway sconnectedt o
e h t s e g n a h c t i , d n a l l a n i g ir o b A n i n o it a z il i v i c e ti h w f o n o i s n a p x e e h t e c n i S . d n a l
. ) 2 1 4 : 7 9 9 1 , e g d o H ( e r u t a r e ti l d n a t r a l a n i g ir o b A f o e m e h t
.
4 ReviewonI ndigenou sSocietyinWesternAustraila
e ti h w e h t f o l a v ir r a e h t e r o f e
B setlters t o Ausrtaila, t he Abo irgine swere
r o f e l b a ti u s t o n s i a il a rt s u A f o s l a m i n a s u o n e g i d n i e h t s A . d n a l e h t n i s e v it a n e h t
d n a g n it n u h y b d o o f t e g o t y a w l a n o it i d a rt a n i e v il e n i g ir o b A e h t , g n i d r e h
g n a r e m o o b s i s n o p a e w g n it n u h r i e h t f o e n O . g n ir e h t a
g ,a throwing sitck .They
s tl u c s u o i g il e r ri e h t n i n e e s e b n a c t a h t a il a rt s u A f o e r u t a n h ti w y n o m r a h n i d e v il
s l a u ti r d n
a (http://www.historywo lrd.net.)
f o t n e m e lt t e s e h t r e tf a y ll a c i d a r d e g n a h c y r o t s i h e n i g ir o b A f o e fi l e h T
8 1 n i y n o l o c h s it ir
B th and 19th century .Captain Jame sCook claimed t he eastern
t d e g d u j k o o C . t n e n it n o c n a il a rt s u A e h t f o f l a
h hei ndigenou speoplewerenott he
s e d i v i d t c A s i h T . d e t a l u m r o f s a w t c A s e n i g ir o b A e h t , 1 1 9 1 t s u g u A 8 n O
r o h t u
a tiy between the ‘Protecto r and Mission Supeirntendents’ . The Chie f
y n a f o e c n e d i s e r e h t r e t n e o t r e n o it it c a r p l a c i d e m a t c e ri d o t e l b a s i r o t c e t o r P
d e t c e p s u s e r a y e h t f I . e s a e s i d s u o i g a t n o c m o r f m e h t e n i m a x e o t n o s r e p l a n i g ir o b A
i n o it a l u g e r s i h T . l a ti p s o h d e t a l o s i n a o t d e v o m e r e r a y e h t ,s e s a e s i d e h t y r r a c o
t s
a u x e s e h t l o rt n o c o t e d a
m l rtansmitted desease in the indigenou s people
, r e t s o F ( h t o l c s ’ n a m g n ir a e w d e w o ll a t o n e r a e l a m e f l a n i g ir o b A . n o it a l u p o p
.) 0 0 0 2
t c A e h t , r e v e w o
H did no tgive any beneif tto the indigenou speople .
o t g n i d r o c c
A Encyclopediao fRaceand EthnicStudies,t heAc tgive snof reedom
f o m o d e e r f , y tr e p o r p r e v o t h g ir t n e m e v o m ‘ r i e h t o d o t e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t o t
o t t h g ir e h t d n a , y li m a f s ’ e n o r e v o r e w o p , s e n il l a i c a r s s o r c a y ll a i c e p s e , e g a ir r a m
. ’ s e it i v it c a l a r u tl u c e c it c a r
p The indigenou speople are ilving in a ‘cage ’tha ti s
e n i g ir o b A e h T d e ll a
c s Act .Thegovernmen tplanst o makethei ndigenou speople
l a r u tl u c e h t g n it c ir t s e r d n a e g a ir r a m f o m o d e e r f e h t g n it ti m il y b t s i x e r e g n o l o n
y ti v it c
a (Cashmore ,2004 :2) .Makaa and Andersen in thei rbook Indigenou s
e c it c e p s r e P l a b o l G : e c n e i r e p x
E explain tha tthe indigenou speople srtuggle to
t n i a l p x
e hei ridenttiy in orde rto pursue the equa l rteatmen t(Makaa ,1996 :57) .
n e g i d n i e h t f o y ti v it c a l a r u tl u c e h t h g u o r h t s i y ti t n e d i ri e h t n i a l p x e o t y a w e n
O ou s
y e h t e c n i s y ti t n e d i ri e h t m r o f r e p o t d e ti b i h o r p r a e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h T . e l p o e p
. y ti v it c a l a r u tl u c o d o t d e ti b i h o r p e r
a
fl a h d n a l a n i g ir o b A ‘ y r e v e f o n a i d r a u g l a g e l e h t s a w r o t c e t o r P f e i h C e h
T
-e w f o s s e l d r a g e r , n e e t h g i e f o e g a e h t r e d n u d li h c ’ e t s a
ir o b A e h t o t g n i d r o c c a s e v it a l e r r
o gine sAct ,1911 .I tmeans that t heAusrtailan
e t a t s n a il a rt s u A e h T . s t n e r a p r i e h t m o r f y a w a n e r d li h c l a n i g ir o b a k o o t t n e m n r e v o g
f o m o d e e r f e h t l o rt n o c o t y lt c ir t s s
i thei ndigenou speople . eT h indigenou speople
s
i no tallowed to move to anothe rcamp o rterrtiory wtihou tpermission by the
e t a t
S and fo ranon-indigenousperson i sno tallowed t o beon a reservewtihou t
n o i s s i m r e
p (Foster ,2000 .)
f e i h C e h T . e s a e s e d n i k s g n i v a h f o d e t c e p s u s e r a e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n I
o t r e n o it it c a r p l a c i d e m e h t t c e ri d o t e l b a s a w r o t c e t o r
P entert her esidenceo fany
s u o n e g i d n
i persont oexaminet hem.I ft herei sonewhowasf oundt obesuffeirng
e s a e s e d s u o i g a t n o c a m o r
f ,thi sperson wli lbe sen tto a lock hosptia lun it l
e g r a h c r i e h t r o f n e v i g s a w y ti r o h t u
a (Foster ,2000 .) I tmean stha tthe Chie f
e n i g ir o b A r e t n e d l u o c r o t c e t o r
P ’ s camp and examine the people in the camp
. m e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h ti w
rt s u A f o t n e m n r e v o g e h
T aila though ttha ti ti s good to separate the
s u o n e g i d n
i chlidren from t hei rparents .Abo irgina lwa saccused no table t o raise
i h c e r a y e h t e s u a c e b n e r d li h c e h
t ldish and ifckle .The indigenous chlidren soon
i e h t m o r f t r a p a e v il d n a e r u tl u c n r e t s e W e h t n r a e
l rparentst o removet hem from
s ’ h c r u h c n a it s ir h C e h t o t t n e s e r e w n e r d li h c e h T . s t n e r a p r i e h t f o s e c n e u lf n i d a b
o t e u n it n o c e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t t a h t s d d a e r o m h s a C . ) 0 0 0 2 , r e t s o F ( n o i s s i m
r o m h s a C ( ’ e g a t n a v d a s i d l a c it il o p d n a n o it a z il a n i g r a m l a i c o s ‘ r e f f u
s e ,2004 :2) .
d n a y t e i c o s n a il a rt s u A e h t g n o m a t n e m t a e rt l a u q e n u e h t r e f f u s e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n I
o t d e t c e p x e e b o t s a w t a h t s t n e r a p r i e h t m o r f y a w a n e k a t e r e w n e r d li h C
i g i d n I h c a e t o t s n a e m n o it a li m i s s a e h T . e r u tl u c e h t e t a li m i s s
a neou speoplet o ilve
e h t t a h t n o i n i p o r e h t o n a s a w e r e h t t u B . e l p o e p e ti h w s a s e v l e s m e h t tr o p p u s d n a
h g u o r h t s c it s ir e t c a r a h c l a c i s y h p s u o n e g i d n I f o s s o l e h t n o d e s u c o f n o it a li m i s s a
s p i h s n o it a l e r l a i c a r r e t n
i (Elilnghaus ,2003 :183) .
p e h
T opulaiton o fthe indigenou speople o fAusrtaila i sesitmated to be
s u o n e g i d n I e h t , s 0 3 9 1 t u o b a y B . s 0 2 9 1 e h t n i e c a r g n i y d a d e ll a c d n a 0 0 0 , 0 6
h c i h w s r e lt t e s e h t y b e s a e s e d d e tr o p m i e m o s o t e c n a t s i s e r r e tt e b d a h e l p o e p
o t t p a d a o t e l b a e r e w e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t t a h t d e t n i o
p changed cricumstance s
( th tp://www.aushistoryitmeilne.com .)
.
C Theoreitca lFramework
r e ti r w e h
T a lpp si e some theo ire s tha t have been explained before
r e ti r w e h t p l e h l li w y r o e h t h c a E . s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a d n a g n i z y l a n a
o r p e h t f o h c a e r e w s n a o
t blemf ormulaitonss tatedi npreviou schapter .s
e h t o t l a it n e u lf n i y r e v e r a t a h t s r e t c a r a h c l a r e v e s e z y l a n a r e ti r w e h T
e r e h t t a h t o s y li m a f s ’ a r u m il li M t u o b a s i y a l p s i h t e s u a c e b y r o t s e h t f o g n i n a e m
ti r w e h T . d e z y l a n a e b o t g n i o g e r a s r e t c a r a h c l a r e v e s e r
a e rappile stheory o f
y b e l g g u rt s s u o n e g i d n i f o n o it a c i d n i e h t w o h s t a h t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a s r e t c a r a h c
n i e k s a e
R Howt oAnalyzeDrama .
s i v a D k c a
J in No Sugardescirbesthei deao fpostcoloniailsm through t he
e fi l y li m a f s ’ a r r u m il li
M ,especially abou tthe indigenou ssrtuggles .The wrtie r
t p e c n o c e h t s e il p p