13 ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang Penyakit Jantung Bawaan (PJB) 90% disebabkan multifaktorial, salah satunya faktor maternal. Diabetes gestasional berdampak terhadap sistim kardiovaskular meningkatkan risiko terjadinya TGA, kardiomiopati, kelainan katup dan septum jantung.
Tujuan Mengetahui hubungan DM gestasional dengan kelainan kardiovaskular pada bayi baru lahir serta mencari variabel lain yang mempengaruhi kelainan kardiovaskular pada bayi baru lahir.
Metode Studi cross-sectional dilakukan di sejumlah praktik dokter spesialis obstetri ginekologi dan RS di kota Medan selama Oktober 2012 sampai Juni 2013. Kelompok kasus ibu hamil penderita diabetes gestasional sudah dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium, kelompok kontrol ibu hamil bukan penderita diabetes akan melahirkan di RS yang sama. Dilakukan pencatatan data usia gestasi, berat badan lahir, kelainan bawaan yang dijumpai, dan hasil ekokardiografi untuk mendiagnosis adanya PJB.
Hasil Dari 20 ibu DM gestasional dan 37 tanpa DM gestasional mengikuti penelitian ini, dijumpai 10% (2 kasus) bayi lahir dari ibu DM gestasional menderita PJB. Kelompok ibu tanpa DM gestasional, tidak dijumpai adanya bayi dengan PJB. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara ibu penderita DM gestasional dengan terjadinya PJB (P: 0.05). Hubungan antara DM gestasional pada ibu dengan terjadinya kardiomiopati juga tidak terbukti (P: 0.351).
Kesimpulan Ibu yang menderita DM gestasional tidak mempunyai hubungan signifikan terjadinya PJB pada bayi baru lahir. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara ibu menderita DM gestasional dengan terjadinya kardiomiopati pada bayi yang dilahirkan.
Kata kunci : Diabetes gestasional, penyakit jantung bawaan, kardiomiopati
14 ABSTRACT
Background Approximately 90% of congenital heart disease (CHD) caused by multifactorial, one of which is maternal factor. Gestational diabetes can affect cardiovascular system by increasing risk of TGA, cardiomyopathy, septal and valves defects.
Objectives To determine relationship between gestational diabetes with cardiovascular abnormalities in newborn and other variables that might affect the occurence of cardiovascular abnormalities in newborns.
Methods We conducted cross-sectional study in several practices of obstetrics and gynecology specialist and hospitals in Medan during October 2012 until June 2013. Groups of cases was pregnant women who have gestational diabetes confirmed by laboratory examination, control group was pregnant women who were not diabetic but would give birth at the same hospital with cases. Infant data from both groups recorded, include gestational age, birthweight, whether any congenital abnormalities found, and results of echocardiography.
Results We enrolled 20 pregnant women gestational diabetic and 37 pregnant women without diabetic in this study. We found 10% (2 cases) babies with CHD born to diabetic mothers while in the non-DM group, there was no case of infant with CHD. There was no significant association between gestational diabetes mellitus with occurrence of CHD (P:0.05). There was no relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus with occurence of cardiomyopathy shown in this study (P:0.351). Conclusion This study suggests that women with gestational diabetes have no significant relationship to occurrence of congenital heart disease in newborn. In addition it was found that there was no correlation between gestational diabetes mellitus with occurrence of cardiomyopathy in newborn
Keywords:gestational diabetes, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy
