CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY
FOR BARLEY FODDER PRODUCTION
Teknologi lingkungan terkontrol untuk
produksi foder barli
ZAINAL JELAN
DVM MSc PhD
jelanzainal@yahoo.com
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1 UNSOED Purwokerto.
19 Nov 2016
Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 Time to share experience & knowledge on hydroponic barley fodder production technology
•1996 - 2003 –Operating fodder system at UPM Malaysia.
•2011 –Due diligent work on H2O Farm in UK.
•2014 –Due diligent work on Foddertech in USA.
•2016 –Due diligent work on Agritom system (Turkey, Qatar & Dubai).
•Present –Al-Afandi Est. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Barley grains
•One of the earliest cultivated cereal (Serealia) •Uses:
• Most as livestock feed; alcohol & starch production.
• Least use as staple human food.
Barley grain
• Characteristics of barley grains
• A hardgrain:
‒Very likely to stay undigested.
‒Need processing to improve digestion (removing hulls, grinding or breaking of the bran layer).
‒Traditional way to soak before feeding.
•Optimum growth conditions in soil
•20oC environmental temp.
•20 to 180cm rainfall (tolerant to dryness)
•Soil pH 4.5 to 8.3 (better in alkaline)
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• Two significant nutritional values:
‒High starch content (energy source).
‒Higher crude protein than other cereals.
Germinations (sprouting) of barley grains
•Germination (Perkecambahan):
Process of “ a seed developing into new plant” Chain of processes where stored proteins, fats and starches in grains/seeds are broken down into simpler forms for use by the growing plan.
(Becomes
•Germination depends on:
•Internal factors: ‒Variety
‒Conditions (post harvest management)
•External factors: ‒Oxygen/air
‒Temperature
‒Humidity/water
‒Light / Darkness
Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 Key terminologies
Traditional practice
SPROUT
Consists of a grain/seed that is just
beginning to grow a small root
Recent interest
BARLEY FODDER
A common name to the stage when
the sprouted grains continue to grow
until they start to produce first leaf,
when it is harvested
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5 Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016
•During sprouting, starch in grain is converted to sugar (gula): ‒ Better utilized in the rumen than the dry grain.
‒ Rumen pH is more stable & reduces acidosis.
•Sprouted grain lacks enzyme inhibitors (compared to its dormant form):
‒ Minerals & vitamins can absorbed more efficiently.
Nutritional benefits of barley fodder
Sprouting time: 6-8 days
•Digestibility improvement: ‒ Barley fodder (8-day)... 85%
‒ Ground barley …………...70%
‒ Barley grains ……….55%
•High content of usable energy (Metabolizable Energy): ‒ 11 to 12 Mega Joule per kg DM
•High content of vitamins A, E, B complex and C. Vitamin of some seeds can increase by 20 times their original value.
•Palatable:
‒ Readily eaten by all farm animals
‒ About 15% of the mass of sprouts is in the leafy portion.
The rest in residual grains/seed and roots. 6
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1. Optimum (quality and quantity) fresh fodder yield daily and all through the year irrespective of weather. 2. Clean and safe feed.
3. Accelerated (fast) fodder growth.
4. High yield of high value feed from a small land area. 5. Low cost of production:
‒Low energy consumption
‒Low water utilization (uses 3% of the amount of water required for standard forage production)
‒Easy & low maintenance
‒Trouble free operations
6. Simple operating procedures: ‒Unskilled farmer can handle
‒Not labor intensive (1 man working 2 - 3 hrs/day for 2 MT production system.
Process benefits of the production system
Sprouting time: 6-8 days
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•Development of the technology:
•Earlier time
Feeding sprouted grain to livestock is an old practice. ‒>200 years ago, European dairy farmers fed sprouted
grains to cows during winter.
‒Many improvised methods to produce the grain fodder for livestock production systems.
Barley fodder production technology
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• Modern days - early advances in Australia:
‒ Concept of high yield production under controlled environment
‒ Design of the trays for optimum growth and yield of fodder and irrigation of fodder
Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 Advancement of the fodder production technology
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•Current technology involves:
i. Design and concept for better efficiency and mass fodder production.
‒Automation for industrial production
‒Automation for reduced manpower
‒Transportable production unit
ii. Making optimum conditions & facilities of the chamber: ‒For high grain germination.
‒For high yield of fodder at harvest.
‒Economy of production.
Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016
•Demand to provide better nutrition:
‒For animals of superior genetic potential that requires high plane of nutrition e.g. dairy animals
‒As a strategy to sustain nutrition of animals during seasons of poor fresh forage supplies e.g. winter months, long dry seasons and floods that destroy pastureland.
•Present a chance for producers to control some aspects of their forage needs and ensure a consistent daily supply of highly digestible forage.
•Opportunity to provide fresh pasture to farm animals in arid lands e.g. Middle East
•Land limitation for fresh fodder production. Build a more sustainable farm on limited land base.
•Demand for organic forage - e.g. in the US
•Save costs of high value feed production.
Recent acceptance and benefits of the barley fodder production technology
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Conversion of barley grain to fodder
•Dry matter of barley fodder (at harvest): - Approximately 14% (140gm/kg):
- Moisture content of 86% (860gm/kg) - Suitable to mix with dry feed (forages & straws)
1kg grains
7kg Fodder 1kg DM
About 1kg DM
•Yield of barley fodder:
- Ratio of 1:7 (1kg grain produces 7 kg fodder) ~140 to 150 kg grains = 1,000 kg fodder - Factors influencing yield:
- Germination rate of grain - Variety of grain - Quality of grain - Grains preparation
- Growth environment (in the chamber/room)
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Stages of growth of barley fodder (8-day system)
Day
Average Fodder Height (Yield ratio 1:7.5)
ZAMJ –(2014) Idaho US Dairy Farm
Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 Reasons for preference for barley grains as fodder
•Most nutritious of the small grains.
•Barley sprouts are generally suitable feed for many farm animals.
•Grows (germinates) the fastest and easiest.
•Most cost-effective of all the grains to produce fodder.
•Can be grown with other seeds/grains in the same tray.
•Barley grains store well.
•Not in competition as staple food of most world population –price is more stable.
ZAMJ –(2011) H2O Farm UK 13
13 Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 Growing requirement for barley fodder in chamber
•A climate-controlled room ‒Temperature at 18-20oC
‒Humidity 70%
•Optimum lighting conditions (??) ‒Fluorescent light
‒LED light or Grow lights
•Air quality and movement ‒Air filtrations system & fan
‒UV light - environment sterilization
•Water quality
‒Ordinary household water
‒Water sterilization by ozone gas
•Nutrient supply system (irrigation system)
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Nutrient supply (irrigation system) to fodder
•Water:
‒Few technologies use only water to irrigate the grains and fodder.
‒Technically, sprouting grains do not need nutrients at the early growth (7-10days), except water.
•Nutrient (fertilizer) solution
‒Some technologies use specific mineral fertilizer solution as growth medium.
•Irrigation techniques:
1. Spray (fine jet spray) on the fodder. 2. Thin film nutrient flow in the trays of
fodder.
•Grains (and the growing fodder) is kept just wet on the trays at all time.
‒Intermittent spray or flow of nutrient solution or water.
‒Fully automated systems (computer
controlled or simple timer). 15
Nutrient supply (irrigation system) to fodder –Technical Diagram
Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 Rack and trays for sprouting barley
•Racks: ‒To hold the trays
‒Racks are fixed to the floor or movable/mobile
•Trays
‒For holding the grains
‒Specifically designed (usually patented)
‒Various sizes
‒Fixed to the rack or movable ZAMJ –(2016) Sheep farm, Qatar
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17 Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 Rack and trays in the grow room/chamber for producing barley fodder
A technology developed by Foddertech US.
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ZAMJ –(2014) Idaho US Dairy Farm
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•Demand to improve the nutritional status of the animals. • Particularly for animals of superior genetic potential
that requires supplementary (high plane) nutrition e.g. dairy animals
• Strategy to sustain nutritional condition during seasons of poor fresh forage supplies e.g. winter months, long draught seasons and floods that destroy pastureland.
•Present a chance for producers to control some aspects of their forage needs and ensure a consistent daily supply of highly digestible forage.
•Opportunity to provide fresh pasture to farm animals in arid lands e.g. Middle East
•Land limitation for fresh fodder production. Build a more sustainable farm on limited land base.
•Demand for organic forage - e.g. in the US
•Save costs of high value feed production.
Recent acceptance and benefits of the barley fodder production technology
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Issues in production of fodder •Mold is the number one problem:
‒Contaminated barley grains. ‒Poor sanitation of the room •Low yield of fodder
‒Low germination of grains ‒Quality of grains
How much fodder to feed to animals?
•DEPENDS ON YOUR PURPOSE OF FEEDING
‒As supplements of fresh fodder: 10-20 kg/day –DAIRY COWS 2-5 kg/day –DAIRY GOATS
Soak grains in water with addition of hydrogen peroxide
Use UV lights & disinfectants
Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 21 Preparation of barley grains for germination
Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 22 22 ZAMJ –(2014) - Idaho US Dairy Farm
Some production operation
ZAMJ –(2014) - Idaho US Dairy Farm
Some production operation
23 ZAMJ –(2016) Dairy cattle Farm, Dubai, UAE. Some production operations
Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 19Nov2016 Some production operation
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25 Barley fodder prod. –Seminar, UNSOED Purwokerto. 17Nov2016 Feeding barley fodder to animals
Dairy cows Dairy goats Beef cattle
Horses Chicken Pigs
Rabbits Ostriches Zoo animals
Deer Alpacas
