LABORATO
LABORATORIUM
RIUM KOROSI
KOROSI
SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016 SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016MODUL :
MODUL : PROTEKSI KATODIK 1PROTEKSI KATODIK 1 PEMBIMBING
PEMBIMBING : : Ir. Ir. Nurcah!" Nurcah!" MTMT
O#$h : O#$h : %$#!&'!(
%$#!&'!( : : I)I) Na&a
Na&a : : 1. Na*+#a )1. Na*+#a )+,+a- N.+,+a- N. 112015112015 2
2. . NNaa,,hh++rra a RR++aarr33++ 111122001166
. . RR++--a a II33aaaahh 111122002255 %$#a4
%$#a4 : : A A T%PBT%PB
PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA IV TEKNIK KIMIA PRODUKSI BERSIH PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA IV TEKNIK KIMIA PRODUKSI BERSIH
JURUSAN TE%NI% %IMIA JURUSAN TE%NI% %IMIA POLITE%NI% NEGERI BANDUNG POLITE%NI% NEGERI BANDUNG
2015 2015 Praktikum
Praktikum : 0 S$'-$&*$r 2015: 0 S$'-$&*$r 2015 Penyerahan
Penyerahan : 0 O(-!*$r 2015: 0 O(-!*$r 2015 La'!ra3
PROTEKSI KATODIK 1
PROTEKSI KATODIK 1
II PPEENNDDAAHHUULLUUAANN Tu!uan Tu!uan •• Da'Da'a- a- &$3&$37$-7$-ahuahu+ + ,a3 ,a3 &$&&$&aha&aha&+ + 'r+'r+34+34+' ' 'r!'r!-$(-$(4+ 4+ (a-(a-!,+!,+( ( ,$3,$37a3 7a3 4+4-4+4-$&$&
a3!,a (!r*a3 &au'u3 +&'r$44$, a3!,a (!r*a3 &au'u3 +&'r$44$,
curr$3-•
• Da'a- &$3,$-$(4+ 4+4-$& '$r'+'aa3 ,a#a& -a3ah a37 -$#ah -$r(!r!4+Da'a- &$3,$-$(4+ 4+4-$& '$r'+'aa3 ,a#a& -a3ah a37 -$#ah -$r(!r!4+
IIII LLAANNDDAASSAAN N TTEEOORRII Prin"i# Pr$tek"i Kat$%ik Prin"i# Pr$tek"i Kat$%ik
Pr!-$
Pr!-$(4+ (4+ %a-!,%a-!,+( +( Cathodic ProtectionCathodic Protection a,a#a,a#ah ah -$(-$(3+( 3+( a3a37 7 ,+7,+7u3au3a(a3 (a3 u3-u3-u( u( &$3
&$37$37$3,a#,a#+(a+(a33 (!r!4+(!r!4+ 'a,a '$r&u(a'a,a '$r&u(aa3a3 #!7a&#!7a& ,$37a3 &$38a,+(a3 '$r&u(aa3 ,$37a3 &$38a,+(a3 '$r&u(aa3 #!
#!7a7a& & -$-$r4r4$*$*u- u- 4$4$*a*a7a7a++ (a-!,$(a-!,$ , ,aarr++ 4$# 4$# $#$($#$(-r!-r!(+&(+&+a+a.. Pr Pr!-$!-$(4+ (4+ (a-(a-!,+!,+( ( +3++3+ &$ru'a(a3 &$-!,$ a37 u&u& ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$#+3,u37+ 4-ru(-ur #!7a& ,ar+ &$ru'a(a3 &$-!,$ a37 u&u& ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$#+3,u37+ 4-ru(-ur #!7a& ,ar+ (!r!4
(!r!4+. S+4-$& +. S+4-$& 'r!-$('r!-$(4+ 4+ (a-!,(a-!,+( +3+ +( +3+ *+a4a3*+a4a3a ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$#+3,ua ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$#+3,u37+37+ *a8a *a8a"" 8a#ur
8a#ur '+'a" '+'a" -a37(+" -a37(+" -+a37 -+a37 'a3ca37"'a3ca37" (a'a#(a'a#"" a3a38u38u37a3 7a3 #$'#$'a4 a4 'a3'a3-a+-a+ ,a3 ca4+3,a3 ca4+377 4$#u*u37 4u&ur &+3a( ,+ ,ara-
4$#u*u37 4u&ur &+3a( ,+ ,ara- 9+(+'$,+a"2012.9+(+'$,+a"2012.
S$,a37(a3 &$3uru- $#$(-r! *#!7 2010 Pr!-$(4+ (a-!,+( a,a#ah 4ua-u cara S$,a37(a3 &$3uru- $#$(-r! *#!7 2010 Pr!-$(4+ (a-!,+( a,a#ah 4ua-u cara '$r#+3,u37a3 (!r!4+ 4$cara $#$(-r!(+&+a ,+ &a3a r$a(4+ !(4+,a4+ 'a,a 4$# 7a#a3+( '$r#+3,u37a3 (!r!4+ 4$cara $#$(-r!(+&+a ,+ &a3a r$a(4+ !(4+,a4+ 'a,a 4$# 7a#a3+(
,+(!
,+(!34$3-ra34$3-ra4+(a3 'a,a 4+(a3 'a,a a3!,a ,a3 a3!,a ,a3 &$37h&$37h+#a37(+#a37(a3 a3 (!r!(!r!4+ 4+ 'a,a (a-!,a. 'a,a (a-!,a. S-ru(S-ru(-ur -ur a37 a(a3
a37 a(a3 ,+#+3,,+#+3,u37+ 4$cara u37+ 4$cara #+4-r+( ,+*ua- 3$7a-+ 4$h+377a *$r-+3,a( 4$*a7a+#+4-r+( ,+*ua- 3$7a-+ 4$h+377a *$r-+3,a( 4$*a7a+ (a-!,a. E#$(-r!,a a37 #a+3 4$cara #+4-r+( ,+*ua- '!4+-+ ,a3 *$r-+3,a( 4$*a7a+ (a-!,a. E#$(-r!,a a37 #a+3 4$cara #+4-r+( ,+*ua- '!4+-+ ,a3 *$r-+3,a( 4$*a7a+ a3
a3!,!,a a h+h+37377a 7a -$-$rc+rc+'-'-a a 4u4ua-a-u u 4+44+4-$-$& & rara3737(a+(a+a3 a3 aruaru4 4 #+#+4-r4-r+( +( 4$a4$arah rah -$-$r-ur-u-u-u'' 4$*a7a+&a3a ha3#3a *+#a 4$'!-!37 #!7a& -$r(!r!4+. S+4-$& +3+ &$&*u-uh(a3 4$*a7a+&a3a ha3#3a *+#a 4$'!-!37 #!7a& -$r(!r!4+. S+4-$& +3+ &$&*u-uh(a3 a3!,a" (a-!,a" a#+ra3 #+4-r+( ,+ a3-ara ($,ua3a ,a3 a,a3a $#$(-r!#+-. D$37a3 (a-a a3!,a" (a-!,a" a#+ra3 #+4-r+( ,+ a3-ara ($,ua3a ,a3 a,a3a $#$(-r!#+-. D$37a3 (a-a #a+3" '$3$ra'a33a ha3a &u37(+3 *+#a 4-ru(-ur a37 ,+'r!-$(4+ ,a3 a3!,a
#a+3" '$3$ra'a33a ha3a &u37(+3 *+#a 4-ru(-ur a37 ,+'r!-$(4+ ,a3 a3!,a *$ra,a*$ra,a 'a,a hu*u37a3 4$cara #a374u37 *a+( 4$cara $#$(-r!3+( &au'u
'a,a hu*u37a3 4$cara #a374u37 *a+( 4$cara $#$(-r!3+( &au'u3 $#$(-r!#+-3
$#$(-r!#+-Pa,a 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( +3+" (a-!,a3a *$*a4 ,ar+ (!r!4+ ,a3 'r!4$4 (!r!4+ a(a3 Pa,a 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( +3+" (a-!,a3a *$*a4 ,ar+ (!r!4+ ,a3 'r!4$4 (!r!4+ a(a3 -$r
-$r8a,8a,+ + ,+ ,+ a3a3!,!,a. a. PaPa,a ,a u&u&u&u&33a a #!#!7a7a& & a,a,a#a#ah ah a3a3!,!,a a 3a3a&u&u3 3 'a'a,a ,a 4+4+4-$4-$&& '$r#+3,u37a3
'$r#+3,u37a3 (a-!,+( (a-!,+( #!7a& #!7a& *$ru374+ *$ru374+ 4$*a7a+ 4$*a7a+ (a-!,a (a-!,a 4$h+377a 4$h+377a a(a3 a(a3 -$r#+3,u37-$r#+3,u37 ,ar+ (!r!4+. Ha# +3+ -$r8a,+ ,$37a3 cara &$37a#+r(a3 $#$(-r!3 a37 &$&+#+(+ aru4 ,ar+ (!r!4+. Ha# +3+ -$r8a,+ ,$37a3 cara &$37a#+r(a3 $#$(-r!3 a37 &$&+#+(+ aru4
4$h+377a '!-$34+a# #!7a& -$rha,a' #+37(u37a3 &$3uru3 4a&'a+ '!-$34+a# 'r!-$(4+" ,+ &a3a #!7a& 4$cara -$(3+4 ,+a377a' -+,a( -$r(!r!4+ #a7+. P$r#+3,u37a3 (a-!,+( &$&*u-uh(a3 4u&*$r aru4 #+4-r+( u3-u( &$3c$7ah 4$ra37a3 (!r!4+ 'a,a #!7a&. D+-+38au ,ar+ 4u&*$r aru4 #+4-r+(3a" &$-!,$ 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( ,+*a7+ &$38a,+ ,ua"a+-u &$-!,$ impressed current ,a3 &$-!,$ sacrificial anode.
1 Im#re""e% &urrent
P$37(!r!4+a3 -$r8a,+ (ar$3a a,a3a '$r'+3,aha3 $#$(-r!3 -$r8a,+ ,ar+ a3!,a *$4+ ($ (a-!,a. Ma(a 'a,a a'#+(a4+ +3+ *$4+ ,+'a(4a &$38a,+ (a-!,a ,$37a3 &$&*a#+((a3 aru4 $#$(-r!3 4$h+377a *$r7$ra( ,ar+ a3!,a a37 +3$r- a-au -+,a( &u,ah *$r$a(4+ &$3u8u *$4+. Metode impressed current +3+ *+a4a3a ,+7u3a(a3 'a,a #+37(u37a3 a37 &$&+#+(+ r$4+4-++-a4 a37 -+377+. %$u3-u37a3
,+7u3a(a33a &$-!,$ +3+ a,a#ah :
• L$$# ,ar+ 'r!-$(4+ ,a'a- ,+a-ur
• Aru4 a37 ,+7u3a(a3 -+377+
• Ar$a 'r!-$(4+ a37 #ua4
• Da'a- &$&'r!-$(4+ 4-ru(-ur a37 -+,a( ,+ c!a-+37 ,$37a3 *a+(.
B$*$ra'a ($ru7+a3 a'a*+#a &$377u3a(a3 &$-!,$ +3+ :
• %$&u37(+3a3 -$r8a,+3a +3-$r$r$34+ 4a37a- *$4ar
• P$r#u '$ra9a-a3 a37 *a+(
• %$&u37(+3a3 -$r8a,+3a !$r'r!-$c-+!3 4a37a- *$4ar
• A,a3a *+aa u3-u( &$38a#a3(a3 $3$r7+ $(4-$r3a#
• D+*u-uh(a33a $3$r7+ #+4-r+( D; a37 cu(u' *$4ar.
' Met$%e an$%a k$r(an ) "a*ri+i*ia, an$%e
-M$-!,$ ,$37a3 &$37hu*u37(a3 *$3,a ($r8a ,$37a3 #!7a& #a+3 a37 &$&+#+(+ '!-$34+a# r$,u(4+ a37 #$*+h ($c+# a3!,a. Ha# +3+ a(a3 &$3$*a*(a3 -$r8a,+3a 4ua-u 4$# 7a#a3+( ,a3 &$38a,+(a3 *$3,a ($r8a 4$*a7a+ 4ua-u (a-!,a.
Aru4 #+4-r+( ,+4u'#a+ ,ar+ 'r!4$4 (!r!4+ a37 -$r8a,+ 'a,a 4u&*$r aru4 #+4-r+( a37 -$r*ua- ,ar+ #!7a& a(-+ 4$'$r-+ <+3c ,a3 a#u&+3+u& a37 &$&+#+(+ aru4 '!4+-+ a37 #$*+h *$4ar ,ar+'a,a #!7a&. P$r*$,aa3 '!-$34+a# $#$(-r!3 +3+ &$3$*a*(a3 a,a3a ,aa -ar+( $#$(-r!3 *$*a4 3$7a-+ a37 #$*+h *$4ar ,ar+'a,a ,aa -ar+( +!3 +!3 'a,a #!7a&. Ha# +3+ &$37a(+*a-(a3 4u&*$r aru4 #+4-r+( -$r4$*u- a(a3 -$r.4$ra37 (!r!4+ ,a3 4$*a#+(3a #!7a& a(a3 -$r#+3,u37+ (!r!4+.
%$u3-u37a3($u3-u37a3 ,+#a(u(a33a a3!,a (!r*a3 +3+ a,a#ah: = -+,a( ,+'$r#u(a3 a,a3a 4u&*$r $3$r7+
= &u,ah u3-u( ,+#a(u(a3 !37(!4 '$&a4a37a3 &urah
= ($&u37(+3a3 -$r8a,+3a +3-$r$r$34+ (a-!,+( 'a,a 4-ru(-ur #a+3 ($c+# = 4$#r$7u#a-+37
= ($&u37(+3a3 -$r8a,+3a !$r'r!-$c-+37 ($c+# = ,+4-r+*u4+ '!-$34+a# &$ra-a.
T$-a'+ cara +3+ 8u7a &$&+#+(+ ($-$r*a-a4a3" a+-u: = aru4 -$r*a-a4
= a3!,a a37 ha*+4 haru4 ,+7a3-+
= a3!,a a(a3 &$3a&*ah *$ra- ,ar+ 4-ru(-ur .eni" #r$tek"i kat$%ik
Pr!-$(4+ (a-!,+( &$ru'a(a3 4a#ah 4a-u cara u3-u( &$3c$7ah -$r8a,+3a (!r!4+ 'a,a #!7a&. Pr+34+' ($r8a3a a,a#ah ,$37a3 &$37u*ah *$3,a ($r8a &$38a,+ (a-!,a.%a-!,+( 'r!-$(4+ ,+#a(u(a3 ,$37a3 &$37a#+r(a3 $#$(-r!3 -a&*aha3 ($ ,a#a& &a-$r+a#. T$r,a'a- ,ua 8$3+4 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+(" a+-u &$-!,$ impressed current ,a3 galvanic couple.
M$-!,$ 7a#a3+c c!u'#$ a,a#ah &$-!,$ ,$37a3 &$37hu*u37(a3 *$3,a ($r8a ,$37a3 #!7a& #a+3 a37 &$&+#+(+ '!-$34+a# r$,u(4+ a37 #$*+h ($c+#. Ha# +3+ a(a3 &$3$*a*(a3 -$r8a,+3a 4ua-u 4$# 7a#a3+( ,a3 &$38a,+(a3 *$3,a ($r8a 4$*a7a+ 4ua-u (a-!,a.
Ga&*ar 2.1 galvanic couple 999.$#$(-r!*#!7"2010
%$u3-u37a3($u-u37a3 ,+#a(u(a33a 7a#a&+c c!u'#$ +3+ a,a#ah: Da'a- ,+7u3a(a3 9a#au'u3 -+,a( a,a 4u&*$r #+4-r+( ,ar+ #uar.
T+,a( &$37$#uar(a3 -a&*aha3 *+aa u3-u( '$&a(a+a3 a#a-a#a- #+4-r+(.
Sa37a- &u,ah '$37a9a4a33a 4$h+377a -+,a( ,+*u-uh(a3 !ra37 a37 *$3ar*$3arah#+. Aru4 -+,a( &u37(+3 &$37a#+r 'a,a arah a37 4a#ah 4$h+377a 'r!-$(4+
*$3ar*$3ar -$r8a,+
P$&a4a37a3 a3!,a (!r*a3 4$,$rha3a. D+4-r+*u4+ '!-$34+a# &$ra-a
T$-a'+ cara +3+ 8u7a &$&+#+(+ ($-$r*a-a4a3" a+-u : Aru4 -$r*a-a4
A3!,a a37 ha*+4 haru4 ,+7a3-+
Aru4 a37 -$r4$,+a *$r7a3-u37 'a,a #ua4a3 a3!,a" -$3-u3a *$r4+a- #$*+h (!34u&-+ *+#a 4-ru(-ur a37 ,+'r!-$(4+ 4a37a- *$4ar.
Impressed Current
J$3+4 a37 ($,ua a,a#ah ,$37a3 &$-!,$ +&'r$44$, curr$3-. M$-!,$ +3+ &$377u3a(a3 &a4u(a3 aru4 #+4-r+( ,a3 a3!,a +3$r- a37 -+,a( a(a3 ha*+4 4$h+377a 4+4-$& +3+ ,a'a-,+7u3a(a3 'a,a 9a(-u a37 #a&a.M$-!,$ +&'r$44$, curr$3- +3+ *+a4a3a ,a'a-,+7u3a(a3 'a,a #+37(u37a3 a37 &$&+#+(+ r$4+4-++-a4 a37 -+377+. %$u3-u37a3 #a+3 a'a*+#a ,+7u3a(a3 &$-!,a +3+ a,a#ah :
J+(a -$r4$,+a cu(u' -$7a37a3 #+4-r+( &a(a aru4 'r!-$(4+ ,a'a- ,+-+37(a-(a3 4$4ua+ a37 ,++37+3(a3" 4$#a&a &a-$r+a# a3!,a -$-a' *$ru374+
T$7a37a3 -+,a( '$r#u *$4ar 9a#au'u3 a,a ($h+#a37a3 (ar$3a -aha3a3"(ar$3a ha# +3+ ,a'a- ,+a-ur ,$37a3 &$3+37(a-(a3 aru4.
Aru4 a37 ,+7u3a(a3 -+377+ Ar$a 'r!-$(4+ a37 #ua4
Da'a- &$&'r!-$(4+ 4-ru(-ur a37 -+,a( ,+Coating ,$37a3 *a+(.
S$&$3-ara +-u -$r,a'a- *$*$ra'a ($ru7+a3 a'a*+#a &$377u3a(a3 &$-!,a +3+" a+-u > ($&u37(+3a3 -$r8a,+3a +3-$r$r$34+ 4a37a- *$4ar
'$r#u '$ra9a-a3 a37 *a+(
Haru4 4$#a#u &$&'$rha-+(a3 arah aru4 a37 ,+*$r+(a3 a7ar -+,a( -$r*a#+(
A3!,a3a haru4 -$r4$(a- ,a3 -aha3 a+r 8+(a '$3c$#u'a33a &$&u37(+3(a3" -$r8a,+3a (!r!4+ 'a,a *a7+a3 4$(a-3a.
Ga&*ar 2.2 Impressed Current har,+a3a3-!.9!r,'r$44.c!&"2010
Pr!-$(4+ (a-!,+( +3+ *a3a( ,+7u3a(a3 'a,a +3,u4-r++3,u4-r+" -$ru-a&a 'a,a '+'a '+'a a37 '$ra3a3a33a 4a37a- '$3-+37 ,a#a& 'r!,u(4+. Na&u3" 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( 'a,a '+'a'+'a +3+ a(a3 &u37(+3 ,+7u3a(a3,+#+ha- 4$cara $(!3!&+ a'a*+#a -$r&+3a# '!+3-,+'a(a+(a3 4ua-u +4!#a-+37 8!+3- u3-u( &$&+4ah(a3 '+'a a37 ,+'r!-$(4+ ,$37a3 '+'a a37 &$&+#+(+ r$4+4-a34+ a37 r$3,ah. I4!#a-+37 8!+3- +3+ -+,a( c!c!( ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( +34-a#a4+ a37 *$4ar 4$'$r-+ c!&'r$44!r 4-a-+!3 ,a3 +3,u4-r+a# '#a3-.B+aa a37 ,+'$r#u(a3 4$r-a ($&u37(+3a3 -$r8a,+3a ($7a7a#a3 ,a#a& 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( a(+*a- ,ar+ (!&'#$(4+-a4 ,ar+ 4+4-$& ,a3 8u&#ah 8!+3- a37 4a37a- *a3a(.
Ba"i* #r$te*ti$n
Ga&*ar 2. &$3u38u((a3 basic protection 'a,a 4ua-u compressor station.Pa,a basic protection" ar$a 'r!-$(4+3a &$3ca(u' 4$#uruh 4+4-$&.S+4-$& +3+ &$#+'u-+ pipa, concrete"
,a3 4+4-$& c!&'r$44!r.Ja,+" -+,a( ha3a coating defect a37 -$r($3a '$37aruh ,ar+ a3!,a" -$-a'+ 4$#uruh 4+4-$&. Pa,a -a3ah a37 &$&+#+(+ r$4+4-a34+ a37 r$3,ah" a3!,a ,+#$-a((a3 a7a( ,a#a& 4$h+377a ,+'$r!#$h ,+4-r+*u4+ aru4 a37 h!&!7$3
Ga&*ar 2. basic protection 'a,a 4ua-u compressor station.
H$t S#$t
Hot spot a,a#ah *a7+a3 ,ar+ '+'a a37 -+,a( ,+#a'+4 4$h+377a ($&u37(+3a3 -$r8a,+3a (!r!4+ 4a37a- *$4ar. Basic protection -+,a( &$&a,a+ u3-u( ,+7u3a(a3 'a,a (a4u4 +3+ 4$h+377a ,+7u3a(a3 4ua-u &$-!,$ ,+&a3a a3!,a ,+#$-a((a3 'a,a -$&'a- a37 4'$4++( u3-u( &$37$#+&+3a4+ a,a3a 4$# (!r!4+ a37 -$r*$3-u( a(+*a- coatingdefect ,a3 concrete
Ga&*ar 2.5 Hot Spot
&ara men%etek"i a%anya h$t "#$t #a%a "i"tem #er#i#aan T$r,a'a- *$*$ra'a cara u3-u( &$3,$-$(4+ a,a3a h!- 4'!-:
1. A,a3a ($*!c!ra3 &$3u38u((a3 *ah9a 'a,a ,a$rah -$r4$*u- -$r8a,+ (!r!4+
2. Sur$'a,a '!-$34+a# '$r&u(aa3 ,a'a- &$3,$-$(4+ a,a3a 4$# (!r!4+. A,a3a aru4 #+4-r+( &$3u38u((a3 -$#ah -$r8a,+ '$r+4-+9a (!r!4+ 'a,a '+'a -$r4$*u-.
. Sur$-$rha,a' r$4+4-++-a4 -a3ah ,a'a- &$3u3u8u((a3 (+ra(+ra ,+&a3a ($&u37(+3a3 *$4ar -$r8a,+3a (!r!4+.
Ga&*ar 2.6 cara &$3$3-u(a3 hot spot
Ga&*ar 2.6 &$3u38u((a3 cara u3-u( &$37$-ahu+ a,a3a h!- 4'!- ,$37a3 &$377u3a(a3 '!-$34+a# '$r&u(aa3. T+-+( ,+&a3a aru4 ($#uar ,ar+ '+'a a(a3 *$r-+3,a( 4$*a7a+ a3!,a"
,$37a3 (a-a #a+3 *a7+a3 +3+ a(a3 -$r(!r!4+. Pa,a 7ra+( 8u7a -$r#+ha- *ah9a *a7+a3 -$&'a-($#uar3a aru4 a(a3 &$&+#+(+ '!-$34+a# a37 *$4ar.
M$-!,$ #a+3 a,a#ah ,$37a3 &$37$-ahu+ r$4+4-++-a4 -a3ah. Ta3ah a37 &$&+#+(+ r$4+4-++-a4 (ura37 ,ar+ 1000 ?.& a(a3 &$&'u3a+ ($c$3,$ru37a3 4$*a7a+ -$&'a--$r8a,+3a (!r!4+.
Pr!-$(4+ (a-!,+( ,a'a- *$r'$37aruh -$rha,a' 4-ru(-ur #a+3 a37 *$ra,a ,+ ,$(a-3a. Aru4 #+4-r+( a37 ($#uar ,ar+ a3!,a ,a'a- 4a8a &$37a#+r ($ 4-ru(-ur #a+3 *u(a3 '+'a a37 ,+'r!-$(4+ 4$h+377a ,a'a- &$3$*a*(a3 (!r!4+ 'a,a 4-ru(-ur -$r4$*u-. Aru4 a37 &$37a#+r ($ -$&'a- #a+3 +3+ ,+4$*u- 4-ra curr$3-. %!r!4+ a(+*a- a,a3a stray current +3+ ,+4$*u- interferensi.
Ga&*ar 2.@ (!r!4+ a(+*a- stay current
U3-u( &$3c$7ah -$r8a,+3a ha# +3+" &a(a ,+7u3a(a3 *$*$ra'a &$-!,$" a+-u: &$377u3a(a3 catodic shielding
Ga&*ar 2. sacrificial anode ,a3 cathodic shield
Pr!-$(4+ (a-!,+( &$ru'a(a3 4ua-u cara '$r#+3,u37a3 (!r!4+ 4$cara $#$(-r!(+&+a ,+&a3a r$a(4+ !(4+,a4+ 'a,a 4$# 7a#a3+c ,+(!34$3-ra4+(a3 'a,a a3!,a ,a3 &$37h+#a37(a3 (!r!4+ 'a,a (a-!,a. S-ru(-ur a37 a(a3 ,+#+3,u37+ 4$car a #+4-r+( ,+*ua-3$74-+ 4$h+377a *$r-+3,a( 4$*a7a+ (a-!,a. E#$(-r!,a a37 4$cara #+4-r+( ,+*ua- '!4+-+ ,a3 *$r-+3,a( 4$*a7a+ a3!,a h+377a -$rc+'-a 4ua-u ra37(a+a3 aru4 #+4-r+( 4$arah -$r-u-u' 4$*a7a+&a3a ha#3a 4$'!-!37 #!7a& -$r(!r!4+. S4-$& +3+ &$&*u-uh(a3 a3!,a" (a-!,a" a#+ra3 #+4-r+( ,+a3-ara ($,ua3a ,a3 a,a3a $#$(-r!#+-.
Pr!-$(4+ (a-!,+( ,+-$ra'(a3 ,$37a3 ,ua cara" a+-u : 1. ;ara aru4 -a3,+37 Impressed Current!
%$u3-u37a3 :
• J+(a -$r4$,+a cu(u' -$7a37a3 #+4-r+( &a(a aru4 'r!-$(4+ ,a'a- ,+-+37(a-(a3 4$4ua+ a37
,++37+3(a3" 4$#a&a a3!,a -$-a' *$ru374+.
• T$7a37a3 -+,a( '$r#u *$4ar 9a#au'u3 a,a ($h+#a37a3 (ar$3a -aha3a3" (ar$3a ha# +3+
,a'a- ,+a-ur ,$37a3 &$3+37(a-(a3 aru4. %$ru7+a3 :
• M$&*u-uh(a3 '$&*a37(+- aru4 D; a37 -$r4$,+a cu(u' *$4ar ,a3 (!3-+3u. • Haru4 4$#a#u &$&'$rha-+(a3 arah aru4 a37 ,+*$r+(a3.
• M$&*u-uh(a3 '$37a9a4a3 -$3a7a ah#+.
• A3!,a3a haru4 -$r4$(a- ,a3 -aha3 a+r 8+(a '$3c$#u'a33a &$&u37(+3(a3 -$r8a,+3a
(!r!4+ 'a,a *a7+a3 4$(a-3a.
• S4-$& aru4 -a3,+37 ,$37a3 a3!,a ,ar+ #!7a&#!7a& +3$r- haru4 a,a '$#+3,u37 aru4.
2. ;ara a3!,a (!r*a3 Sacrificial "node! %$u3-u37a3 :
• Da'a- ,+7u3a(a3 9a#au'u3 -+,a( a,a 4u&*$r #+4-r+( ,ar+ #uar.
• T+,a( &$37$#uar(a3 -a&*aha3 *+aa u3-u( '$&a(a+a3 a#a-a#a- #+4-r+(.
• Sa37a- &u,ah '$37a9a4a33a 4$h+377a -+,a( ,+*u-uh(a3 !ra37 a37 *$3ar*$3ar
ah#+.
• Aru4 -+,a( &u37(+3 &$37a#+r 'a,a arah a37 4a#ah 4$h+377a 'r!-$(4+ *$3ar*$3ar
-$r8a,+.
%$ru7+a3 :
• Aru4 a37 -$r4$,+a *$r7a3-u37 'a,a #ua4a3 a3!,a" -$3-u3a *$r4+a- #$*+h (!34u&-+
*+#a 4-ru(-ur a37 ,+'r!-$(4+ 4a37a- *$4ar.
• B+aa !'$ra4+ r$#a-+$ &aha#.
• P$37hu*u37 a3!,a a37 ,+7u3a(a3 haru4 cu(u' *$4ar" u3-u( &$37ura37+ ($h+#a37a3
$3$r7 a(+*a- -aha3a3.
Pr$tek"i Kat$%ik Den/an &ara An$%a K$r(an
A3!,a (!r*a3 a37 4$r+37 ,+7u3a(a3 a,a#ah #!7a& 'a,ua3 M7" 'a,ua3 A# ,a3 'a,ua3 3. %a,a37(a,a37 ,a'a- &$&a3aa-(a3 a3!,a *$4+ u3-u( &$#+3,u37+ *a8a
-aha3 (ara- ,+ ,a#a& a+r #au-" -$-a'+ (ura37 u&u& ,+7u3a(a3.
P$&a(a+a3 a3!,a M7 4a37a- 4$4ua+ u3-u( #+37(u37a3 a37 &$&'u3a+ r$4+4-++-a4 -+377+ &+4a# -a3ah" #u&'ur" 'a4+r. U3-u( #+37(u37a3 +3+ ,+'$r#u(a3 a3!,a a37 &$&'u3a+ 3+#a+ ($#uara3 aru4 '$r 4a-ua3 *$ra- a3!,a -+377+ ,a3 '!-$34+a# $#$(-r!,a3a 4a37a- 3$7a-+$. P$&a(a+a3 a3!,a A# *a3a( ,+7u3a(a3 ,+ #+37(u37a3 a+r #au- ,a3 har7a3a r$#a-+$ &urah ,+*a3,+37(a3 a3!,a a37 #a+3. A3!,a 3 &$ru'a(a3 a3!,a (!r*a3 a37 a#+37 *a3a( ,+ #+37(u37a3 #au- ,a3 &$&'u3a+ $+4+$34+ a37 -+377+.
An$%a Re"i"ti0ita" Lin/kun/an )Ohm*m-A#u&+3+u& A# C 150 S$37 3 150500 Ma73$4+u& M7 500
B$*$ra'a (r+-$r+a ,a#a& 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( &$377u3a(a3 a3!,a (!r*a3 a,a#ah :
• P!-$34+a# 3$7a-+ (a-!,a 4$(ura37(ura373a 0"00 !#- ,+u(ur a3-ara '$r&u(aa3
4-ru(-ur ,$37a3 $#$(-r!,a A7/A7;# a37 ,+hu*u37(a3 ,+ ,a#a& a+r #au-.
• M+3+&u& 3$7a-+ '$3+&'a37a3 '!-$34+a# (a-!,a 0" !#- a37 ,+ha4+#(a3 ,ar+ aru4
'r!-$(4+.
• M+3+&u& 3$7a-+ '$3+&'a37a3 '!-$34+a# (a-!,a 0"1 !#- ,$37a3 a,a3a 7a377ua3
aru4 ,a3 '$37u(ura3 '$ru*aha3 '!-$34+a#.
• E+4+$34+ a3!,a haru4 -+377+. Si+atAn$%a M/ 2n A, Ma44a 8$3+4 (7/,& 1"@ @"5 2"@ P!-$34+a# !#-/SHE 1 1"@ 1"05 1"10 T$7a37a3 D!r!37 SHE 0"6 0" 0"25 0"25 %a'a4+-a4 AH/(7 120 0 @0 @50 0 E+4+$34+ 50 5 5
III ALAT DAN BAHAN
A#a- : • )!#-&$-$r • Tra34!r&$r • R$c-++$r • E#$(-r!,a ;u/;uSO • Pa#u • S+4-$& '$r'+'aa3 Baha3 : • Laru-a3 ;uSO • A+r
IV LANGKAH KER.A
Lepaskan kabel jumper
Ukur potensial anoda
dengan menghubungkan
terminal merah dengan
voltmeter dan voltmeter
dengan elektroda CSE
tertancap di tanah
Ukur potensial pipa dengan
menghubungkan terminal
hitam dengan voltmeter
dan voltmeter dengan
elektroda CSE tertancap di
tanah
Pasangkan kembali kabel
jumpernya
Ukur potensial proteksi
Transformer, rectier dan elektroda disiapkan
Ukur potensial pipa referensi dengan menghubungkan
terminal dengan voltmeter dan voltmeter dengan elektroda CSE
terpasang di tanah !ubungkan soket listrik dengan transformer dan transformer dengan elektroda
dan input impressed current
Ukur potensial proteksi
Ukur potensial "ange bagian atas pada lingkar
luar "ange di bagian yang catnya terkelupas
#andingkan hasil pengukuran "ange bagian atas dengan potensial alami besi Ukur potensial "ange
bagian ba$ah pada lingkar luar "ange
#andingkan hasil pengukuran "ange bagian ba$ah dengan
potensial proteksi
!ubungkan "ange atas dengan ohmmeter dan ohmmeter dengan "ange
ba$ah lalu ukur tahanan
V DATA PENGAMATAN a Sa*ri+i*ia, An$%e
E A3!,a
E (a-!,a E '+'a -a3'a -$r'r!-$(4+
E '+'a -$r'r!-$(4+ )/;SE )/;SE )/;SE )/;SE -$4- *!F 1 %&'(% ) %&**+ 0.5 0.@ -$4- *!F 2 0.200 0.52 0.221 0.225 -$4- *!F 0.2@6 0. 0.22 0.221 ( Im#re""e% &urrent 3 Im#re""e% &urrent E '+'a -$r'r!-$(4+ )/;SE T$4- *!F 1 0.0@6@ T$4- *!F 2 0.212 * In"u,ati$n .$int I34u#a-+!3 A-a4 )/;SE Ba9ah )/;SE %a3a3 0.00 0.1 (+r+ 0.0@ 0.006 % .em(atan Per#i#aan P$ten"ia, )V&SE-.em(ata n Pi#a U!un/ kanan 0.10 0.065@ U!un/ kiri 0.005 0.0@1
( ' -.(&+ .(&/ .(&* .(&' .( .%&+ .%&/ .%&* .%&' %
Grafk Potensial Pada Metode Sacrifcial Anode
Potensial Pipa Potensial 0noda Potensial Terproteksi Lokasi E (mV/CSE) Im#re""e% &urrent 1 .%&+ .%&) .%&/ .%& .%&* .%&-.%&' .%&( %
Impressed Current 1
E pipa terproteksi 123CSE4 Lokasi E (mV/CSE) Im#re""e% &urrent '.%&+ .%&) .%&/ .%& .%&* .%&-.%&' .%&( %
Impressed Current
E pipa terproteksi 123CSE4 Lokasi E (mV/CSE) In"u,ati$n .$int ( ' - .%&-.%&', .%&' .%&(, .%&( .%&%, %Grafk Potensial !er"adap Insulation #oint
#a$ah 0tas
Lokasi E (mV/CSE)
Ujung kanan Ujung kiri .%&-.%&', .%&' .%&(, .%&( .%&%, %
Grafk Potensial Pada #em$atan Perpipaan
5embatan Pipa
Lokasi E (mV/CSE)
Pra(-+(u& 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( +3+ *$r-u8ua3 a7ar &aha4+49a ,a'a- &$37$-ahu+ ,a3 &$&aha&+ cara &$#a(u(a3 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( -$rha,a' 4+4-$& '$r'+'aa3" &$#+3,u37+ 4+4-$& '$r'+'aa3 ,+,a#a& -a3ah ,$37a3 cara 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+(" ,a'a-&$37$-ahu+ 8$3+4 8$3+4 a3!,a 4$r-a ,a'a- ,a'a-&$37$-ahu+ '$r*$,aa3 a3-ara 4+4-$& '$r'+'aa3 a37 a#a&+ ,$37a3 4+4-$& '$r'+'aa3 a37 -$r#+3,u37+ 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+(.
Pr!-$(4+ %a-!,+( Cathodic Protection a,a#ah -$(3+( a37 ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$37$3,a#+(a3 korosi 'a,a '$r&u(aa3 logam ,$37a3 &$38a,+(a3 '$r&u(aa3 #!7a& -$r4$*u- 4$*a7a+ katode ,ar+ sel elektrokimia. Pr!-$(4+ (a-!,+( +3+ &$ru'a(a3 &$-!,$ a37 u&u& ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$#+3,u37+ 4-ru(-ur #!7a& ,ar+ (!r!4+.S+4-$& 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( +3+ *+a4a3a ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$#+3,u37+ baja" 8a#ur '+'a" -a37(+" -+a37 'a3ca37" kapal" anjungan lepas pantai ,a3 ca4+37 4$#u*u37 4u&ur &+3a( ,+ ,ara-.E$( 4a&'+37 ,ar+ '$377u3aa3 a37 -+,a( -$'a-a,a#ah -+&*u#3a &!#$(u# h+,r!7$3 a37 ,a'a- -$r4$ra' ($ ,a#a& #!7a& 4$h+377a &$3$*a*(a3 hydrogen embrittlement ($7$-a4a3 h+,r!7$3.Pr!-$ksi katodik adalah cara yang ef $(-+ ,a#a& &$3c$7ah stress corrosion crac#ing r$-a( (ar$3a (!r!4+.
Pa,a 'ra(-+(u& (a#+ +3+" (a&+ &$#a(u(a3 $&'a- &aca& 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+(" a+-u Sacr++c+a# A3!,$ a-au *+a4a ,+4$*u- 4$*a7a+ a3!,a (!r*a3" I&'r$44$, ;urr$3-" I34u#a-+!3 J!+3- ,a3 J$&*a-a3 '$r'+'aa3.
A3!,a %!r*a3 Sacrificial "node
U3-u( &$&'r!-$(4+ *$4+ ,a#a&-a3ah ,+#a(u(a3 &$-!,a 4acr++c+a# a3!,$ a3!,a (!r*a3. T$r,a'a- *$*$ra'a 8$3+4 a3!,a (!r*a3 *$r,a4ar(a3 -$&'a- '$3+&'a3a3 *$4+" ,+a3-ara3a ,$37a3 &a73$4+u& &ur3+ u3-u( *$4+ a37 ,+4+&'a3 ,+ -a3ah *+a4a" a#u&+3+u& u3-u( *$4+ a37 ,+4+&'a3 ,+ *a9ah #au-" ,a3 4$37 u3-u( *$4+
a37 ,+4+&'a3 ,a#a& -a3ah ,$37a3 r$4+4-++-a4 r$3,ah/'H $(4-r$&.
S+4-$& 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( a37 4u,ah *$r8a#a3 a,a#ah ($-+(a 3+#a+ '+'a -$r'r!-$(4+ #$*+h ($c+# ,ar+ 3+#a+ '!-$34+a# #!7a& +-u 4$3,+r+. Dar+ ha4+# '$rc!*aa3" '+'aa37 ,+4a&*u37(a3 ,$37a3 M7 ,a3 M7 ,$37a3 $#$(-r!#+- -$#ah -$r'r!-$(4+ 4$&$3-ara 'a,a '+'a a37 ,+4a&*u37(a3 ,$37a3 3 a37 4a#ah '$&a4a37a3" 'r!4$4 'r!-$(4+ -+,a( *$r8a#a3 (ar$3a 3+#a+ '!-$34+a# '+'a -$r'r!-$(4+ #$*+h *$4ar ,ar+ 3+#a+ '!-$34+a# #!7a& +-u 4$3,+r+" ha# +3+ &$37+3,+(a4+(a3 ($4a#aha3 '$&a4a37a3 'a,a 4a&*u37a3 (a*$#.
B$r,a4ar(a3 '$rc!*aa3" '!-$34+a# '+'a/*$4+ ,+4$-+a' -$4-*!F ha&'+r &$37a#a&+ ($3a+(a3 4$-$#ah ,+'r!-$(4+ ,$37a3 a3!,a (!r*a3.
Pr!-$(4+ ,a'a- ,+#a(u(a3 ,$37a3 +&'r$44$, curr$3- aru4 'a(4a" a+-u &$37a#+r+ aru4 &$#a#u+ -a3ah ,$37a3 $#$(-r!,a a+-u *$4+. P$377u3aa3 $#$(-r!,a *$4+ ,+#a(u(a3 (ar$3a -a3ah a37 ,+a#+r+ aru4 a,a#ah -a3ah *+a4a.A'a*+#a -a3ah a37 *$r4+a- (!r!4+ &a(a $#$(-r!,a a37 ,+7u3a(a3 a,a#ah $#$(-r!,a '#a-+3u& P-.'$377u3aa3 &$-!,$ +3+ ,a'a- ,+#a(u(a3 u3-u( &$37a#+r+ aru4 ,$37a3 8ara( a37 8auh 'u#uha3 (+#!&$-$r.
J+(a 'a,a 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( a3!,a (!r*a3" $#$(-r!3 *$ra4a# ,ar+ 'r!4$4 !(4+,a4+ #!7a& a37 &$38a,+ a3!,a" 'a,a 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+( +&'r$44$, curr$3-" $#$(-r!3 *$ra4a# ,ar+ aru4 3$7a-+ 4$arah a37 *$ra4a# ,ar+ 4u&*$r #+4-r+(. Su&*$r #+4-r+(
a37 &$ru'a(a3 4u&*$r #+4-r+( *!#a(*a#+( A; ,+u*ah !#$h a,a'-$r/r$c-++$r &$38a,+ aru4 4$arah D;" aru4 3$7a-+ 4$arah a(a3 ,+a#+r(a3 'a,a '+'a &$377u3a(a3 (a9a-/(a*$# 4$h+377a $#$(-r!3 a37 ,+ha4+#(a3 a(a3 &$&*a38+r+ '+'a. P+'a a37 -$r*a38+r+ $#$(-r!3 a(a3 &$38a,+ #$*+h (a-!,+( ,a3 $#$(-r!3 $#$(-r!3 -$r4$*u- a(a3 &$3aha3 '+'a u3-u( &$#a(u(a3 r$a(4+ r$,u(4+ 4$h+377a #a8u (!r!4+ ,a'a- ,+'$r#a&*a-.
Insulation $oint
Pa,a +34u#a-+37 8!+3" '!-$34+a# 'a,a *a7+a3 *a9ah 4$#a#u #$*+h *$4ar ,ar+'a,a '!-$34+a# 'a,a *a7+a3 a-a4. Ha# +-u (ar$3a aru4 &$37a#+r &$#a#u+ *a9ah.S$,a37(a3 'a,a +34u#a-+37 8!+3 a37 &$377u3a(a3 4$(a- (ar$-" '!-$34+a# *a9ah ,a3 a-a4 -+,a(
&$&+#+(+ '$r*$,aa3 a37 4+73++(a3. Ha# +-u -$r8a,+ (ar$3a ha&*a-a33a 'u3 ($c+#. Da3 'a,a 4$(a- a(#+r+(" '!-$34+a# a-a4 #$*+h *$4ar ,ar+ *a9ah (ar$3a a,a3a a(u&u#a4+ -$7a37a3 a(+*a- '$ru*aha3 4$(a-" a+-u ,ar+ (ar$- ($ a(r+#+(.
Ha4+# '$rc!*aa3 &$3u38u((a3 (+3$r8a +34u#a-+!3 +3+ *$#u& cu(u' *a+(" 'a,a +34u#a-+!3 '$r-a&a ,a3 ($-+7a" '!-$34+a# -$#ah ,+4+4+h(a3 #u&aa3 *$4ar 4$h+377a '!-$34+a# ,+a-a4 +34u#a-+!3 8!+3- #$*+h ($c+# ,+*a3,+37 ,+*a9ah3a 9a#au'u3 'a,a
+34u#a-+!3 '$r-a&a '$r*$,aa33a ha3a 4$,+(+-. Pa,a +34u#a-+!3 ($,ua 4$haru43a *a7+a3 *a9ah +34u#a-+!3 8!+3- &$&+#+(+ 3+#a+ '!-$34+a# a37 #$*+h *$4ar"
,+*a3,+37(a3 *a7+a3 a-a43a (ar$3a *a7+a3 a-a4 +34u#a-+!3 8!+3- 4$haru43a 4u,ah -$r'u-u4 ,$37a3 aru4 ,ar+ 'r!-$(4+ (a-!,+(" ,a3 '+'a (!3-a( #a374u37 ,$37a3 u,ara. T$-a'+ ,ar+ ha4+# 'ra(-+(u& a37 ,+(a3 a,a#ah 4$*a#+(3a. Ha# -$r4$*u- ,a'a--$r8a,+ ($&u37(+3a3 (ar$3a '+'a ,+*a7+a3 *a9ah +34u#a-+!3 8!+3- -$#ah &$37a#a&+ 'r!4$4 (!r!4+ 4$h+377a &$3+37(a-(a3 3+#a+ '!-$34+a#3a.
Dar+ ha4+# a37 ,+,a'a-(a3" '$3$&'$#a3 '+'a ,$37a3+*$a&&$3$*a*(a3 '!-$34+a# '+'a &$3+37(a-. M$4(+'u3 'a,a '+'a ,+*a7+a3 (a3a3 &$37a#a&+ '$3uru3a3" 3a&u3 4$*a7+a3 *$4ar 3+#a+ '!-$34+a#3a &$3+37(a-. P$3+37(a-a3 '!-$34+a# +3+ haru4,+9a4'a,a+ (ar$3a a(a3 &$3$*a*(a3 '+'a &u,ah &$37a#a&+ r$a(4+ r$,u(4+ 4$h+377a &$3$*a*(a3 -$r8a,+3a (!r!4+. %$*!c!ra3 aru4/$#$(-r!3 +3+ ,a'a-,+-a377u#a37+ ,$37a3 '$3a&*aha3 +4!#a-!r a3-ara '+'a ,$37a3 +*$a&.
VII KESIMPULAN
Prinsip Proteksi 6atodik 1Cathodic Protection4 teknik yang
digunakan untuk mengendalikan korosi pada permukaan logam dengan menjadikan permukaan logam tersebut sebagai katode dari sel elektrokimia&
Proteksi katodik ini merupakan metode yang umum digunakan untuk melindungi struktur logam dari korosi&
Sistem proteksi katodik ini biasanya digunakan untuk melindungi baja, jalur pipa, tangki, tiang pancang, kapal, anjungan lepas pantai dan casing 1selubung4 sumur minyak di darat&
Tabel Pipa yang terproteksi
E A3!,a
E '+'a (a-!,a E '+'a -$r'r!-$(4+ )/;SE )/;SE )/;SE -$4- *!F 1 1"65 0"55 0"5 -$4- *!F 2 1"5@ 0"6 0" -$4- *!F 0"11 0"56 0"5
Nurcah!" M!,u# Pra(-+(u& Sacr++c$, A3!,$" I&'r$44$, ;urr$3-" I34u#a-+!3 J!+3-" ,a3 J$&*a-a3 P$r'+'aa3. D$'ar-$&$3 T$(3+( %+&+a.P!#+-$(3+( N$7$r+ Ba3,u37.
A#a- +3+ ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$37u*ah a#+ra3 #+4-r+( a37 -a,+3a &$&+#+(+ a#+ra3 aru4 #+4-r+( *!#a( *a#+( &$38a,+ a#+ra3 #+4-r+( 1
arah
A#a- +3+ ,+4$*u- !#-&$-$r. D+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$#+ha--$7a37a3 #+4-r+( a37 ,+7u3a(a3. Pa,a 'ra(-+(u& (a#+ +3+" -$7a37a3 a37 ,+7u3a(a3 a+-u 4$*$4ar 20 !#-.
T!!#*!F ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( &$3+&'a3 a#a- a#a- a37 ,+7u3a(a3 'a,a 4aa- 'ra(-+(u&.
5$&*a-a3 a37 ,+7u3a(a3 u3-u( 'ra(-+(u&" 8$&*a-a3
-$r4$*u-4$*$#u&3a ,+a&'$#a4 'a,a -+-+( -+-+( -$r-$3-u ($&u,+a3 ,+u(ur -$7a37a33a.
Pipa ini digunakan untuk mengukur tegangan yang terdapat didalam nya ada anodik katodik dan pelindung kemudian pasang elektroda simpan ditanah yang sudah dibasahi ukur pakai voltmeter
Pipa yang digunakan pada praktikum ini, pipa saluran ini kemudian diukur tegangan nya menggunakan voltmeter Pada pipa ini terdapat pipa luaran yang dilas, pipa yang sudah di las ini kemudian di
ampelas kemudian diukur
