THE IMPO RTANC E O F DEVELO PING SO FT SKILLS IN PREPARING VO C ATIO NAL HIG H SC HOO L G RADUATES
Wa g ira n
Fa c ulty o f Eng ine e ring , Yo g ya ka rta Sta te Unive rsity Em a il: wa _g ira n@ ya ho o .c o m
This a rtic le wa s a p a rt o f c o ntrib utio n o f vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l to ma nufa c ture d e ve lo p me nt. The o b je c tive s o f this stud y a re : (1) kno wing the ma tc h b e twe e n g ra d ua tio n c o mp e te nc e s g ive n b y Ind ustria l Te c hno lo g y Vo c a tio na l Hig h Sc ho o l with c o mp e te nc e s ne e d e d b y wo rk b usine ss a nd (2) kno wing effo rt tha t d o ing b y ind ustry in re so lve d we a kne sse s a nd limita tio n o f vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua tio n a s ne w e mp lo yme nts.
This stud y wa s use d q ua ntita tive a p p ro a c h with e xp lo ra tive surve y me tho d . The p o p ula tio n o f the stud y is vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l o f ind ustria l g ro up s in Ind o ne sia . Sa mp le wa s d e te rmine d with multi sta g e c luste r ra nd o m sa mp ling . Da ta o f stud y c o lle c te d use q ue stio nna ire , d o c ume nta tio n a nd inte rvie w. Da ta a na lysis use d g ro wth a c c o unting mo d e l me tho d a nd d e sc rip tive q ua ntita tive a na lysis.
The re sult o f stud y sho we d tha t: (1) the re a re c o mp e te nc e s g a p b e twe e n wha t ha ve a lre a d y g ive n b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l to re a l ne e d o f ind ustry se c to r. The b ig g e st g a p s we re o n vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua tio n c o mp e te nc e s if it wa s lo o ke d fro m wha t b ig ind ustry ne e d e d fo llo we d b y sma ll ind ustry, me d ium ind ustry, a nd e ntre p re ne ur ; a nd (2) g e ne ra lly vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua tio n wa s we a k in so ft skill. Be c a use o f tha t, ind ustry ne e d s to p ut so ft skill a sp e c t a s ma in ta rg e t g ive n in o rd e r to p re p a re vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua tio n to wo rk a t first jo b .
Intro duc tio n
Pa ra d ig ms c ha ng e s in vo c a tio na l le a rning p ro c e ss fro m sup p ly d rive n to d e ma nd d rive n ma ke ha p p e n e d uc a tio n institutio ns re sp o nsib le to g ra d ua tio n q ua litie s inc lud ing ho w to g e t jo b s a fte r the y g ra d ua te . Ed uc a tio n no t o nly sup p ly e mp lo yme nts b ut a lso initia te p ro d uc ing g ra d ua tio n tha t ne e d b y so c ie ty a nd wo rk file d . Be c a use o f tha t e d uc a tio n institutio ns inc lud ing vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l wa s a p p ro p ria te e va lua te its g ra d ua tio n in o rd e r to g e t le a rning p ro g ra m fe e d b a c k.
In q ua lity a sp e c t o f p ro g ra m ho ld e r, the q ue stio n tha t ne e d s to a nsw e r is ho w b ig the suita b ility o f c o mp e te nc e s g ive n b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l o f ind ustria l g ro up with wha t the wo rk fie ld ne e d e sp e c ia lly b y ma nufa c ture ind ustry. Mo re sma lle r the g a p o f c o mp e te nc e s g ive n b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l o f ind ustria l g ro up to wha t ne e d e d b y ma nufa c ture ind ustry sho w tha t mo re b e tte r the q ua lity o f e xisting vo c a tio na l running p ro g ra m in vo c a tio n a l hig h sc ho o l o f ind ustria l g ro up .
Ba se d o n the p ro b le ms a b o ve , this stud y trie d to lo o k up a t so me p ro b le ms a s fo llo w: 1. Ho w a re the suita b ility o f vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l o f ind ustria l g ro up ’ s
g ra d ua tio n c o mp e te nc e s with c o mp e te nc e s tha t ne e d e d b y wo rk file d ? 2. Wha t kind s o f e ffo rts tha t ind ustria l ha ve a lre a d y d o ne to o ve rc o me the
we a kne sse s a nd limita tio n o f vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua tio n a s ne w e mp lo yme nts in ind ustry?
It wa s ho p e d tha t this stud y c a n g ive c o ntrib utio ns to vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l d e ve lo p me nt p o lic y e sp e c ia lly SMK o f ind ustria l g ro up in re la tio n with p ro g ra m a p p ro p ria te ne ss, c o ntrib utio n to d e ve lo p me nt o f ma nufa c ture ind ustry a nd imp ro ving the q ua lity o f running p ro g ra m.
Me tho d
Po p ula tio ns o f this stud y we re vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l o f ind ustria l g ro up in Ind o ne sia . Sa m p le w a s d e te rmine d b y multi sta g e c luste r ra nd o m sa mp ling . Da ta wa s c o lle c te d using q ue stio nna ire , d o c ume nta tio ns a nd inte rvie w. Prima ry d a ta wa s c o lle c te d b y me e t re sp o nd e nts o r d a ta re so urc e s to fill q ue stio nna ire a nd c o nd uc te d o b se rva tio n a nd d o c ume nta tio ns a t vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l, ma nufa c ture ind ustrie s a nd ma nufa c ture e ntre p re ne ur w hic h a re c ho se n a s sa m p le .
To find o ut the suita b ility a nd g a p s b e twe e n c o mp e te nc e s g ive n b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l o f ind ustria l g ro up with wha t the wo rk fie ld s ne e d e sp e c ia lly b y ma nufa c ture ind ustry, q ua ntita tive d e sc rip tive a na lysis wa s use d .
Re sults a nd Disc ussio ns
The first find ing , in the te rms o f a p p ro p ria te ne ss b e twe e n c o mp e te nc e s g ive n b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l o f ind ustria l g ro up with wha t ne e d e d b y wo rk fie ld se e me d tha t the re a re so m e g a p s b e tw e e n w ha t g ive n b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l w ith a ttitud e o f g ra d ua te in ind ustrie s e ithe r b ig , me d ium, sma ll ind ustrie s o r e ntre p re ne ur (se e ta b le 1). This find ing b e c o me s me a ning ful c o ntrib utio n fo r vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l to na rro wing e xisting g a p s. Mo re sma ll e xisting g a p s a re sho we d mo re suc c e ss vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l in p re p a ring its g ra d ua tio ns to e nte r wo rk fie ld .
Ta b le 1. Ap p ro p ria te ne ss b e tw e e n c o m p e te nc e s g ive n b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l o f ind ustria l g ro up s a nd ne e d e d b y ind ustrie s
Be sid e s a p p ro p ria te ne ss c o mp e te nc ie s d a ta , d e ta ile d imp o rta nt a sp e c ts o f c o mp e te nc ie s fo r wo rking in ind ustrie s sho wn o n ta b le 2 b e lo w:
Kine rja in ind ustry C o m pe te nc ie s
g ive n b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l
Big m e d ium sma ll e ntre pre ne ur C o m pe te nc ie s Sub
c o m pe te nc ie s
% Sc o re s % sc ore s % sc ore s % Sc o re s % sc o re s
Wo rk
p re p a ra tio n 88 3.52 69 2.8 80 3.2 76 3 84 3.4
Wo rk 83.1 3.32 69 2.8 76 3 68 2.7 78.79 3.15
Ha rd skill
Wo rk re sult 84.7 3.39 75 3 78 3.1 73 2.9 85 3.4
Ta b le 2. The imp o rta nc e s o f wo rking a sp e c ts a re tho se ne e d e d b y ind ustrie s.
No Ite ms Sc o re
1 Ho ne sty 3.78
2 Ethic wo rk 3.71
3 Re sp o nsib ilitie s 3.7
4 Disc ip line 3.68
5 Ap p lying sa fe ty a nd wo rk he a lth p rinc ip a ls 3.65
6 Initia tive a nd c re a tivity 3.6
7 C o o p e ra tio n 3.59
8 Ad a p ta b ility 3.5
9 Se lf c o nfid e nt 3.5
10 To le ra nt 3.5
11 Ap p lying p ro c e d ure o f q ua lity 3.49
12 Awa re ne ss 3.49
13 C a re e r d e ve lo p me nt 3.24
14 Se lf ne a tne ss 3.2
15 Ma na g e a nd a na lyze info rma tio n 3.1
16 Ma king re p o rt 3.1
17 Und e r p re ssure s wo rk 3.1
18 Re so lve d c o mp le x p ro b le ms 3.1
19 Pre se nta tio n a b ility 3
20 Fo re ig n la ng ua g e a b ility 2.7
Ta b le 2 sho wn tha t ho ne sty, e thic wo rk, re sp o nsib ility, d isc ip line a nd a p p lying sa fe ty a nd wo rk he a lth p rinc ip a ls’ a sp e c t a re ma in a sp e c ts ne e d whe n wo rk o n in d ustry. Ano the r a sp e c ts a lso a re imp o rta nt b ut in d iffe re nt le ve l o f urg e nt io n .
Vie w ing fro m c o mp e te nc e a sp e c ts tha t a re ha rd skill a nd so ft skill, it is se e me d tha t g a p o f so ft skill mo re d o mina nt tha n ha rd skill a sp e c t. Be c a use o f tha t, b a la nc e d e ve lo p me nt b e twe e n ha rd skill a nd so ft skill in line with e d uc a tio n ro le s a s a n e ffo rt to g ive kno wle d g e a nd skills a nd p ut va lue , so it c a n fo rm a n ind ivid ua l se lf e ste e m. Ind ivid ua l se lf e ste e m c o nta ins ind ivid ua l c o mp e te nc e s whic h re p re se nte d b y five thing s, the y a re : mo tiva tio n, tra its, se lf c o nc e p t, kno wle d g e , a nd skills. (Wo o d , e ta l., 2001:97; in G o za li, 2004).
1. Ha rva rd Unive rsity sta te d tha t so me o ne a c hie ve me nt o n c a re e r a re 80% d e te rmine d b y so ft skills a nd o nly 20% d e te rmine d b y ha rd skills.
2. The b o o k Le sso n fro m the To p b y Ne ff a nd C itrin (1999). Te n-suc c e ss tip s 50 the mo st suc c e sse s p e rso n in Unite d Sta te o f Ame ric a , e ig ht c rite ria a re c o nta ining so ft skill a nd o nly two c rite ria o f ha rd skill.
3. Surve y fro m Na tio na l Asso c ia tio n o f C o lla g e and Emp lo ye e (NAC E), USA (2002), to 457 le a d e rs in USA, a b o ut 20 imp o rta nt q ua lity o f suc c e ss p e o p le , the re sult sho wn tha t 18 a re so ft skill a nd o nly two o n ha rd skill.
4. “ A Who le Ne w Mind ” b o o k b y Da n Pink sta te d tha t “so ft skills ha ve b e c o m e the so urc e o f e c o no mic surviva l”
5. Psyc ho lo g ist Da vid Mc C le lla nd sta te d tha t “ the stro ng e st fa c to rs tha t c o ntrib ute to e xe c utive suc c e ss a re so ft skills, o ne s ha rd skills tha t inc lud e in tha t a re the a b ility o f a na lytic s think.
6. Rine lla Putri (Vib izne w s-Hum a n Re so urc e s) sta te d tha t: “ c o mmunic a tio n a nd inte rp e rso na l skill a re the mo st imp o rta nt g ua ra nte e to suc c e ss in a ny p ro fe ssio ns.
Ac c umula tio n fro m o the rs re se a rc h a b o ve , ma d e e d uc a tio n wo rld inc lud ing vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l p re p a ring its g ra d ua tio ns no t o nly re a d y fo r wo rk b ut a lso re a d y to g e t c a re e r suc c e ss whe re ve r the y wo rk. And fo r Hum a n Re so urc e s p ra c titio ne r, ha rd skill a p p ro a c h ha ve a lre a d y the y le ft. It is m e a ning le ss if ha d g o o d ha rd skills, b ut b a d in so ft skills. It is c a n b e vie we d fro m jo b va c a nc y a d v e rtise me nts re q uire d so ft skills in the ir re q uire m e nt suc h a s te a m wo rk, a b ility to c o mmunic a te a nd inte rp e rso na l re la tio nship . Whe n hire a ne w e mp lo yme nt, c o mp a ny p re fe r c ho o se o ne s who ha s hig h so ft skills e ve n tho ug h his ha rd skills is lo we r. The re a so ns a re simp le : g iving skill tra ining is e a sie r tha n d e ve lo p ing c ha ra c te r. It is c o mmo n in re c ruiting e mp lo yme nt stra te g y tha t to c re a te Rig ht Pe o p le-Rig ht Jo b -Rig ht Pe rfo rma nc e , huma n re so urc e s p ra c titio ne rs fre q ue ntly d o sc re e ning re c ruitme nt w ith “ Re c ruit fo r Attitud e , Tra in fo r Skill” p rinc ip le .
C o mmissio n o n Ac hie ving Ne c e ssa ry Skills). This re se a rc h fo und o ut tha t: “ mo re tha n ha lf o f the na tio n’ s yo ung p e o p le we re le a ving sc ho o l witho ut the kno wle d g e ne e d e d to find a nd ho ld a jo b ” . Fe w o f the m ha ve b a sic kno wle d g e a s g iving a re a so n whe n the y sic k.
A Stud y ha ve b e e n d o ne b y C o rinne Ma so n, De a d tric k Ne w so n a nd Ed w a rd R. De l G a izo , a b o ut tra ine r a nd ma na g e r o p inio ns fro m va rio us c o mp a nie s fo und 23 skills whic h a re ne e d e d in wo rk. C o mmunic a tio n skills, se lf-e ste e m, a nd e thic w o rk a re ma in fa c to rs tha t d e te rmine so me o ne a c hie ve me nt in his wo rk (By Bill C o p lin,
www.d b c c .fl.c o m). Ano the r stud y sho we d tha t e thic w o rk, a b ility to c o mmunic a te ; se a rc hing info rma tio n tha t is fo llo we d with a na lytic a b ility a nd p ro b le m so lving skills a re ma in fa c to rs tha t d e te rmine wo rk a c hie ve me nt (www.usa to d a y.c o m.htm).
Va rio us re se a rc h a b o ve sho w tha t so ft skills ha ve stra te g ic ro le s in d e te rmining so me o ne suc c e ss in his wo rks. Be c a use o f tha t inte g ra tio n b e twe e n ha rd skills a nd so ft skills in p re p a ring e mp lo ye e with va rio us e ffo rts inc lud ing in fo rma l e d uc a tio n sho uld b e d o ne . O n co ntra ry, ma ny o f e d uc a tio n institutio ns inc lud ing vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l still d id no t re a lize tha t. A re se a rc h d o ne b y Busine ss-Hig he r Ed uc a tio n a nd The C o lle g ia te Emp lo yme nt Re se a rc h Institute a t Mic hig a n Sta te Unive rsity (www.d b c c .c c .fl.us.htm) sho we d re sp o nd fro m ma na g e rs whic h sta te d tha t stud e nts ha ve te c hniq ue skills b ut lo w in “ so ft skill.”
Stud e nts te nd to think a hig h G PA a nd a d e g re e will g ua ra nte e c a re e r suc c e ss, b ut a nyo ne in the wo rk wo rld kno ws tha t o nly skills a nd c ha ra c te r e nsure suc c e ss. The G PA p ro vide s s e mp lo ye rs with o ne indic a tio n tha t the stud e nt c a n wo rk ha rd a nd ma na g e time we ll. Stud e nts g ra d ua ting with 3.0 will p a ss the g ra d e c ut-o ff fo r mo st jo b s. So me e mp lo ye rs wa nt to se e a 3.55, b ut no t mo st. A fe w e ve n b e c o me susp ic io us whe n G PA g e t b e yo nd the 3.6 ra ng e . A c o rp o ra te re c ruite r se nt me this no te :” O ur c uto ff is 3.0 a 3.2 is re a lly lo o ke d a t no d iffe re ntly fro m 3.7.
So ft skill inve stme nt to stud e nts is imp o rta nt a sp e c t in c re a te g ra d ua ting whic h c a n c o mp e te a nd suc c e ss o n the ir jo b s. In c o nc lusio ns, inte g ra tio n p a tte rn stud ie s b e twe e n ha rd skills a nd so ft skills a re ne e d e d in le a rning p ro c e ss with va rio us stra te g ie s.
e mp lo ye e in ind ustrie s (se e ta b le 3). Ba se d o n id e ntific a tio n o f c o mp e te nc ie s g a p s ha d b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting a s a ne w e mp lo ye e in ind ustrie s mo st o n so ft skills a sp e c ts like a d a p ta tio n, se lf c o nfid e nts, wo rk te a m, se lf ma na g e me nt, d isc ip line , initia tive , wo rk me nta l, a nd so o n. And fro m ha rd skills a sp e c t so me we a kne sse s a re c o me fro m und e rsta nd ing wo rk instruc tio ns, kno wle d g e o f wo rk o n ind u stry, wo rk sa fe ty a nd he a lthy, d ra wing with c o mp ute rs, a nd und e rsta nd ing o f Sta nd a rd O p e ra ting Pro c e d ure s (SO P). Be sid e s tha t so m e ind ustrie s ha ve a lre a d y a ske d the vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting to c o nd uc t p ro d uc tio n p ro c e ss p la nning in simp le sc a le . It is b e c o me o n c o ntrib utio n fo r vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l in d e sig n its le a rning p ro c e ss.
Ta b le 3. G a p s a sp e c ts b e twe e n vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting c o mp e te nc e s a nd e ffo rts d o ne b y ind ustrie s.
Ind ic a to rs Ite m s
Big ind ic a to rs
(%)
Me d ium ind ic a to r
(%)
Sm a ll ind ic a to r
(%)
Ha rd skills c o m p o ne nts 53 47 26.7
The p rio rity c o m p e te nc ie s in re c ruiting a ne w e m p lo ye e
So ft skills c o m p o ne nts 47 53 73.3
Dire c tly p la c e d to w o rk 20 0 7
Ne e d a d d itio na l tra ining 20 47 40
Ne w e m p lo ye e fro m vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l
g ra d ua ting Wo rk d ire c tly a nd tra ining 60 53 53
Exte rna l tra ining 30 20 26.67
Sp e c ia l tra ining fo r ne w
e m p lo ye e Inte rna l tra ining 70 80 73.33
Ea rly
c o m p e te nc ie s ne e d e d a nd le ss ha ve b y
vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l
g ra d ua ting
Kno w ing stuffs a nd ind ustry w o rk rule s, m a na g e m e nt, p la nning w o rk p ro c e ss, d ra w ing w ith c o m p ute r, K3, q ua lity und e rsta nd ing , c o m m unic a tio n, a d a p ta tio n, a w a re ne ss, fie ld sp e c ific a tio n, ind ustria l kno w le d g e , w o rk a ffe c tivity, und e rsta nd ing ha rm ful m a te ria ls.
Ad d e d tra ining g ive n to ne w e m p lo ye e b e fo re e nte rs the ir first jo b .
Wo rk instruc tio ns, e thic w o rk, d isc ip line , te a m w o rk, intro d uc ing p ro d uc t, w o rk sa fe ty, w o rk o rie nta tio n, se lf tra ining , stuffs intro d uc ing , jo b
d e sc rip tio n, d isc ip line , rule s o f c o nd uc t, w o rk m e nta l, c o m p e te a b ility.
Ma in a sp e c t o f vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l
g ra d ua ting w e a kne sse s
Ma turity (le ss w o rk e xp e rie nc e ), se lf c o nfid e nt, fo re ig n la ng ua g e , b a se c o m p e te nc e , vo c a tio na l c o m p ute rs, w o rks te a m , p e rfo rm a nc e m a na g e m e nt, m o tiva tio n, w o rk m e nta l, d iso b e y SO P, unsp e c ific skills, d ra w ing w ith c o m p ute r, d isc ip line , initia tive , ind ustria l e xp e rie nc e s, w o rk m e nta l w a s no t re a d y, le a d e rship , w o rk m a na g e m e nt, w o rks sa fe ty a nd he a lthy, use d o f m e te r stuffs, w o rk a ttitud e , te c hno lo g ie s a d a p ta tio n.
re so urc e s b e sid e s c o mp le xity. In a d d itio n, it se e me d tha t mo st o f the vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting c a n b e d ire c tly wo rks o r wo rk with tra ining in c o -wo rk syste m with se nio r. This imp lie s tha t b a sic skills in wo rking a sp e c t we re e no ug h. Be c a use o f tha t the tra ining mo re a ime d fo r inve st so ft skills a sp e c ts.
Find ing s fro m this stud y a re c o ntrib utio n fo r vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l in fo c using its g ra d ua ting to b e e a sie r in a d a p ta tio n with wo rks wo rld . So me a sp e c ts ne e d mo re a tte ntio n, the y a re a d d ing ne e d e d in c o mp e te nc ie s o f vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting with wo rk p la nning a b ility (simp le ), a b ility in wo rk sa fe ty a nd he a lthy, a b ility in und e rsta nd ing ha rmful ma te ria ls, und e rsta nd ing wo rk q ua lity a nd instruc tio n. So ft skills a sp e c t ne e d to b e hig hlig ht a re e thic wo rk, d isc ip line , a nd te a m w o rk, c o m p e te a nd w o rk m e nta l.
C o nc lusio ns
1. G a p s c o mp e te nc ie s still e xist b e twe e n wha t a re vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o ls a lre a d y g ive n a nd re a l ne e d s in ind ustria l se c to r. The b ig g e st g a p s we re o n vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting c o mp e te nc ie s if lo o ke d fro m b ig ind ustrie s ne e d fo llo we d b y sma ll ind ustrie s, me d ium ind ustrie s a nd e ntre p re ne u r. 2. The We a kne sse s a nd la c king o f vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l a s ne w e mp lo ye e in
ind ustry mo st c a use d b y so ft skills a sp e c ts tha n ha rd skills a sp e c ts. Be c a use o f tha t ind ustry p ut so ft skills a sp e c ts a s ma in ta rg e t in p re p a re vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting to wo rk in the ir first jo b s.
Sug g e stio ns
2. Vie wing fro m g ra d ua ting c o mp e te nc e s, vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting we a kne sse s we re o n so ft skills tha n ha rd skills. Be c a use o f tho se so ft skills a sp e c ts ne e d to b e sub mitte d to vo c a tio na l sc ho o l c urric ulum with so me imp le me nta tio n stra te g ie s. DPSMK c o o p e ra te with DPMPTK ne e d to d e ve lo p so ft skills le a rning mo d e l in le a rning p ro c e ss a t vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l. The d e ve lo p e d mo d e l is mo d e ls tha t inte g ra te so ft skills with d a ily le a rning p ro c e ss a nd c re a te d ind ustry a tmo sp he re in sc ho o l a nd ma ximize vo c a tio na l/ c a re e r a ssista nc e .
3. DPSMK ne e d to a rra ng e the g uid e line s a nd inte g ra tio n g uid e line fo r d e ve lo p m e nt o f ha rd skills a nd so ft skills tha t a re ne e d e d b y vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting to wo rks in ind ustry.
4. An e ffo rts to inve st a nd inte g ra te d e ve lo p me nt b e twe e n so ft skills a nd ha rd skills ne e d d e ve lo p m e nt, stud y, a nd fo rm ula tio n o f le a rning m o d e l tha t c a n b e c o ntinuo usly a nd a p p lic a b le in re a c tio ns with sc ho o l c ulture , c re a ting a c a d e mic a tmo sp he re , le a d e rship s, e thic wo rk, a nd inte g ra tio n in le a rning p ro c e ss. Suc c e ssful a p p lic a tio n o ne o f the d e sig ns o f vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l c a n b e stud y a nd fo llo w e d up in o rd e r to use e ffe c tive ly in o the r vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l with so me va ria tio ns in o rd e r to a c c o mmo d a te va rio us c o nte xts. 5. Vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l ne e d to p ut a tte ntio n o n g iving its g ra d ua ting with
so ft skills like d isc ip line , ho ne sty, a b ility to co mmunic a te , a d a p ta tio n, a nd a no the r so ft skills b e sid e s ha rd skills. It wa s b a se d o n ind ustria l re sp o nse whic h sta te d tha t the ma in we a kne sse s o f vo c a tio na l hig h sc ho o l g ra d ua ting mo re lie d o n so ft skills a sp e c ts.
Bib lio g ra phy
By Bill C o p lin (t.t) Fo r Ne w G ra d ua te s, “ So ft-Skills Are The Se c re t We a p o n In Jo b Hun. Ava ila b le a t: www.usa to d a y.c o m a c c e sse d on Ma rc h, 3rd 2008
G ho za li, Ab b a s (2004). Stud i Pe ra na n Pe nd id ika n Te rha d a p Pe rtumb uha n Eko no mi (Ba litb a ng De p a rte me n Pe nd id ika n Na sio na l)
He ri Kuswa ra (t.t) Ap a p un Ma ta Kulia h ya ng d ia suh Be rika n Mua ta n So ft Skills Dida la mnya . Ava ila b le a t: www.frie ya d ji.c o m.htm a c c e sse d o n Ma rc h, 3rd
2008
