ACEH: REGIONAL SPECIAL PROVINCE, PROVINCIAL EMERGENCY, PROVINCE CIVIL1
By
Agus Budi Wibowo and Muzakkir Ismail
I
"I do not eat tonight if it does not yet collected funds" (Sukarno) At a meeting on July 16, 1948 at the Hotel Atjeh Banda Aceh, President Sukarno with profound plea for help to the people of Aceh for the purchase of aircraft in order of importance Revolution of the Republic of Indonesia. The meeting was attended by the various components of society, including the Indonesian Association of Regional Merchant of Aceh (Gasida). In a follow-up meeting, which is eaten together, the President asked the Gasida, whether they are able to provide a valuable Dakota airplane Malaysia 120,000 dollars or about 25 kg of gold. Towards the end of the meeting, the President said that he did not want to eat before getting an answer from Gasida, yes or no. Challenged the patriotic spirit, intent Gasida undertakes the President of this organization and then formed a committee chaired by TM Commander Ali Polem. Finally, the organization was able to collect money 120,000 and 140,000 dollars Malaysia. The money is used to buy 2 plane Dakota, which later was named Seulawah Seulawah I and II. The story above is one of the greatness of Aceh in historical perspective. Recognition of the greatness of Aceh's history not only come from the people of Aceh, but it may come from the outside anyway. Greatness which in turn were also affected travel in the independence of Indonesia after the escape from colonial times. One manifestation of this is the recognition of the greatness of Aceh from Bung Karno that the Aceh region is an area of struggle and revolution in the capital at the time of independence.
"Aceh needs to appear to help the situation is murky, there is no other alternative, only the region of Aceh (lah) in this situation like this can be expected to spearhead the resistance of the people's ideals and to continue the struggle for independence ... Aceh's capital region to expel the Dutch from Indonesia colonialism ".
In the course of the history of Aceh greatness should not have a place of central government. Aceh received a reply on his loyalty remains in the shade of the Republic of Indonesia Indonesia is beyond expectations. Historically, the disappointment of the failure of Homeland beginning of political accommodation we started when Sukarno refused requests Tengku Muhammad Daud Beureueh to provide special status for Aceh region in enforcing Islamic law. Failure is the beginning of a political accommodation disappointment seed for the Acehnese. This plus the Province disperse policies which then smelted in the province of North Sumatra. Peak disappointment that led to the September 1953 outbreak of events that became known as Darul Islam in Aceh events.
Efforts to restore security in Aceh sedehana always takes place, through the mechanism of deliberation. Army Chief of Staff Gen. AH Nasution earnestly seek a breakthrough to break the ice. In the early 1960s liquid with ice began and Deliberation Pledge Lam Harmony Tea Acehnese. The result, is a willingness Beureueh Tengku Muhammad Daud and his family in the forest to sincerely return to the embrace of the motherland. In addition, the results of the other agreements that Aceh was given status as a special region. Privileges include education, the implementation of the customs, and religion. Then Governor Ali Hasjmy utilize this moment to build Kopelma Darussalam, forerunner to the establishment Kuala University and IAIN Ar-Raniry.
Seems to privilege in Aceh is also in its history did not go as. For example, in 1979 with the Law. 5 of the village administration. The existence of such laws village structure, Mukim and all the devices does not apply anymore. The device was replaced by a local government that its new national structure. What happens is uniform implementation of customs or government at the local / village. Thus, the status of Aceh privilege that carried less lost. The old structures are the basis of community life in the village became less instrumental. Unlike the two other regions in Indonesia with status isimewa / special, Yogyakarta and Jakarta privileged status as if only a symbol that is attached to the name of the province. Application is not running optimally, both at the level of local government as well as the level of village government.
II
One of the areas in the archipelago are unfailing wracked Aceh conflict is. The conflict can be resolved another conflict reappear. Starting from the movement DII / TII in 1953, led by Tengku Muhammad Daud Beureueh. This movement eventually be resolved properly and Tgk. David Beureueh finally returned to the embrace of the motherland, as has been mentioned above. In 1976, the seeds of conflict emerged again in the land of Rencong characterized by Hasan Tiro's decision to proclaim Aceh Merdeka in Pidie. On the grounds that the motion would be destructive to the integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia Hasan Tiro was sought by the security forces. To that end, Hasan Tiro then leave Aceh and go abroad. However, the spirit of the Free Aceh movement is not extinguished. They still put up a fight, so the casualties. Before the reform winds swept across parts of Indonesia, not all areas ravaged Aceh crossfire between TNI and GAM. Area that is often a conflict area is Pidie, Bireun, North Aceh, and East Aceh. In addition to the areas already mentioned, it can still be categorized as a safe area. Security conditions began to change when the wind pushed reform throughout the archipelago region. Results of wind reforms in Aceh is the revocation status of the Military Operations Area (DOM). Revocation DOM status was carrying a problem for security. GAM resistance area extends over the whole land in Aceh. If the first base area GAM only covers four counties, now the whole district has been the scene of battle.
conditions are completely safe. Recognized status of civil order disturbances began to decrease, but not completely safe.
In social and political conditions such status also makes Aceh often filled by officials with the task of implementing the status (Plt). Decision mempltkan officials was held on the grounds unstable security conditions or other reasons. Ever there was a time a total of 17 regional heads of 21 cities / districts in Aceh PLT status. Though officials are positioned plt will unconsciously carry out their duties in a position of authority is not definitip because of limited responsibility and authority that they have. This position will lead the functions and roles they can not run optimally. In fact some of them are also willing to work optimally. Similarly, the implementation of the budget does not run properly. Budget that goes to Aceh in fact very large. The budget is implemented in a variety of programs and activities. In fact, the budget can not be absorbed out in the implementation of various activities or programs on the grounds that the security conditions have stabilized. In fact, the rules which apply in the implementation of the budget is the rules that apply under normal conditions. The above condition is not favorable. Among the abundance of substantial budget for Aceh, but do not know what to make, especially if the activity is carried out in areas prone to conflict. If implemented the construction, it is often a result of construction activities that were destroyed / damaged returned for various reasons.
III
On sunny days, dated December 26, 2004 God Almighty made history in Aceh. On behalf of His power, made the earth move, followed by earth Aceh tsunami inundated with water. Hundreds of thousands fall victim. The world was shocked. Aceh is less well known than the Bali sudden tubs iconic "celebrity" because of the earthquake and tsunami shaken by 8.9 magnitude. Sultan Iskandar Muda airfield occupied by the rise and fall of the plane, which had previously only received 3 regular flights. Many aircraft were forced to spin in the air waiting to get off.
Earthquake and tsunami eyes and ears open about the existence of Aceh in the social and political constellation, both in the national and world level. The number of flights that can enter the show that Aceh is not an enclosed area. Aceh has a strategic position. Aceh can be directly entered, either from Singapore or Malaysia, without going through Medan. This indicates that the gate does not have to go through Polonia / Belawan.
In addition to the earthquake and tsunami is one point moment is important enough to change the Aceh. Ravaged Aceh during the conflict should receive a second fall times when the earthquake and tsunami hit. A destruction is not addressed with sadness and continued to receive state. Moreover, it is supported by the people of Aceh spiritual mental resilience in the face of disaster. Resurrection is the right word to address societal problems to post-disaster. MOU between the Indonesian government and the GAM is one of the key words to answer the problem of conflict and the rise of the people in Aceh. Wealth of natural resources and the outpouring of assistance from various donors can not facilitate the rehabilitation and reconstruction in Aceh will be implemented. Experience shows that no matter how much money there will be lost if there are still useless parties to the conflict.
hand. People who not only think of the world of life, but also think about the provision in the afterlife. Thus society is in accordance with the determination of Aceh province overthrow Islamic law in their daily lives, who once aspired by Tengku Muhammad Daud Beureueh. Meaning as a symbol of Aceh Aceh province nuanced Madani remained in the shadow of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia, but the rules of social life and the Islamic-based government. Madani is the purpose of religion. Leadership in this condition are extremely vital factor. Aceh requires a credible leader. He must be able to speak, act, and committed. Not only articulate, but can not do and commit. Aceh is a credible leader is needed to run the rehabilitation and reconstruction program. The parties will assist in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Aceh is also demanding such things.
To that end, all parties must come together to realize the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Aceh. The determination of the unit is connected to the condition of natural and human resources that exist in this area. Because basically, if Aceh is divided into three regions, the Aceh can be divided into three, namely Banda Aceh and Pidie (central development), west coast and central (zone agriculture and horticulture), and the east coast (industrial zone). The third zone is an integral, inseparable. If one is separated, then the development of Aceh became lame. Aceh needed is a change in the development paradigm and paradigm shift leader.
