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MOTTO
“Bermimpilah, karena Tuhan akan memeluk mimpi-mimpi itu.” (Andrea Hirata)
“Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is
not to stop questioning.”(Albert Einstein)
“Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.”
(Albert Einstein)
“God’s plan more beautiful than our desire” (noname)
“Jangan takut melangkah untuk mencapai kesuksesan, karena jarak 1000 mil
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
Allah the Almighty
Her beloved dad and mom (Pak Jono and Bu Rujiyati)
Her beloved sisters (Dek Dwi and Dek Upik)
Her aunt (Bude Nanik)
Her big family
Her all beloved friends
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdullillahirabbil’alamin, first and foremost, my gratitude goes to Allah SWT for the blessing and inspiration leading the reseach paper entitled
“PERCEPTION OF POLITENESS IN REQUEST BY INDONESIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE”.
Subsequently, the completion of this undertaking could not have been possibly done without the participation and assistance of so many people whose names may not all be enumerated. On this good opportunity, the writer wishes to reveal his special gratitude to:
1. Prof. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum. as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of UMS,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. as the chief of English Department for approving this research,
3. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, M. A., Ph.D. as the first consultant, who has given careful guidance, suggestion and correction during this research, 4. Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum. as the second consultant and
Academic Consultant of Teacher Training and Education, who has given much valuable suggestion for the correction of the research,
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6. Her beloved father and mother who always give support, care, prayer, advice and motivation to the researcher for everything she has done, 7. All of DEE’s lecturer, for their knowledge, patience and guidence, thanks
a lot of.
8. Her beloved sisters who always support her during the study and being a good sibling.
9. Her big family especially my uncle and aunt (Bude Nanik) who always support, advice, prayer and motivation during the study.
10.Her special one Mas Kenji (JSW) for the lovely hug, supports, prayer, motivations, patience and guidence during finishing this study.
11.Her beloved best friends (Andriyani, Bondan and Zustyna) for being a very great friend, for all the quality of time and warm togetherness, 12.His beloved friends at Wisma Indah Pink who always supported the writer. 13.His beloved friends of class F 2010 for warm togetherness,
14.All of her friends in Gendhing and SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sukoharjo. 15.Thanks to all Indonesian EFL participants in Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta, who has helped the writer to get the data for fullfilling this study, without you this research would not be perfect.
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ABSTRACT
EKO WALUYANTI, 320100244. “PERCEPTION OF POLITENESS IN REQUESTS BY INDONESIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE.” Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Research Paper. 2014.
This study focuses on analyzing the perception of politeness in requests by EFL leraners. This study aim at 1) describes the perception of the learners for the politeness in requests in some different social situation produced by Indonesian EFL learners, 2) describe the different perception of politeness used in request between males and females , 3) classified the reasons provided by Indonesian EFL students to judge politeness used in requests. This research applies descriptive qualitative method in which the research participants were fourty Indonesian EFL learners in Muhammadiyah Universty of Surakarta. The data were the perception of politeness used in request which provided in three scale polite, impolite and I don’t know. The way to collect data is using documentation and questionare form of DCT (Discourse Completion Task) scenarios. The subject of this research were taken through a random sampling technique consisting of 40 students comprising 20 males and 20 females participants who were in seventh semester. The writer analyzed the data by using politeness theory by Brown and Levinson (1987), impoliteness theory by Culpeper (2010), and the last request theoty by Trosborg (1995).
The result show that there were perceptions to judge politeness used in requests which provided by Indonesian EFL learners, the students regarded that indirect request included polite and direct request was considered impolite. The difference perception also happened between males and females to make judgements. Female had better perception about politeness on request than male because in mostly DCT female have more confidence to judge whether the utterance of request polite or impolite. But, male prefer to not make judgements in politeness request. The writer found several reasons to judge politeness, there were fourteen kinds of reasons which provided by Indonesian EFL learners. It could be seen total of the reasons, Word choice as 35,86%, modal verb as 16,53%, habitual action as 7,78%, distance as 10,97%, strategy of request as 4,72%, type of sentence as 5,69%, emotion as 2,5%, right as 0,83%, intonation as 4,86%, exclamatory mark as 2,08%, expression of face as 0,14%, culture as 0,55%, attention getter as 0,14%, and condition as 0,42%. In fact, there were some students doesn’t give reason because the participants not sure whether the request polite or impolite.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ... i
APPROVAL ... ii
ACCEPTANCE………. ... iii
TESTIMONY ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ... xi
LIST OF TABLE ... CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Scope of the Study ... 4
C. Problem Statement ... 5
D. Objectives of the Study ... 5
E. Benefit of the Study ... 6
F. Research Paper Organization ... 7
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ... 8
A. Previous Study ... 8
B. Pragmatics ... 15
1. Notion of Pragmatics ... 15
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a. Deixis ... 17
b. Presupposition ... 17
c. Entailment ... 18
d. Implicature ... 18
e. Speech Act ... 19
3. Speech Act Theory ... 19
a. Notion of Speech Act ... 20
b. Level of Speech Act ... 20
1) Locutionary Act ... 20
2) Illocutionary Act ... 21
3) Perlocutionary Act ... 21
c. Type of Speech Act ... 22
1) Representative/ Assertive ... 22
2) Directive ... 23
3) Commisive ... 23
4) Expressive ... 23
5) Declarative ... 24
4. Directive Utterance ... 25
a. Commanding ... 25
b. Ordering ... 26
c. Requesting ... 26
d. Prohibiting ... 27
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C. Perception ... 27
D. Speech Act of Request ... 28
1. Notion of Request ... 28
2. Classification of Speech Act ... 30
a. Hints ... 30
b. Questioning/ Statements of Ability/ Willingness ... 32
E. Politeness Theory ... 36
1. Notion of Politeness ... 36
2. Brown Levinson’s Theory of Politeness ... 39
3. Politeness Strategy ... 40
a. Bald on Record ... 41
b. Positive Politeness ... 43
c. Negative Politeness ... 50
d. Off Record Indirect Strategies ... 54
4. Impoliteness Theory ... 61
a. Impolite Definition ... 61
b. Culpeper’s Categories of Impoliteness ... 61
c. Impoliteness Strategies ... 62
d. Gender and Impoliteness ... 65
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ... 67
A. Type of the Research ... 67
B. Subject of Research ... 67
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D. Data and Data Source ... 68
E. Technique of Collecting Data ... 69
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 71
G. The Result of Pilot Study ... 71
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ... .. 105
A. Data Analysis ... 105
1. Perception of the Indonesian EFL learners to the politeness used in some different social situation ... 106
2. The differences perception of politeness used in requests between males and females (different gender) ... 124
3. The reasons provided by the students to judge politeness used in requests ... 142
B. Research Finding ... 210
C. Discussion of the Finding ... 224
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 236
A. Conclusion ... 235
B. Suggestion ... 236 BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
