E
R
D
N
A
Y
T
I
D
I
R
B
I
H
S
I
S
T
A
N
C
E
O
F
P
A
K
I
S
T
A
N
I
S
I
N
S
R
E
T
C
A
R
A
H
C
N
I
A
M
O
W
T
H
G
U
O
R
H
T
N
E
E
S
S
A
N
O
D
N
O
L
F
I
N
A
H
N
I
K
U
R
E
I
S
H
I
’
S
“
M
Y
S
O
N
T
H
E
F
A
N
A
T
I
C
”
:
A
Y
D
U
T
S
L
A
I
N
O
L
O
C
T
S
O
P
S I S E H T E T A U D A R G R E D N U N A
s t n e m e ri u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
f o e e r g e D e h t r o
f SarjanaSastra s r e tt e L h s il g n E n i
y B
O M O T A R P G N U G A A K I H D A
1 9 0 4 1 2 4 9 0 : r e b m u N t n e d u t S
E M M A R G O R P Y D U T S S R E T T E L H S I L G N E
S R E T T E L H S I L G N E F O T N E M T R A P E D
S R E T T E L F O Y T L U C A F
Y T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
i
E
R
D
N
A
Y
T
I
D
I
R
B
I
H
S
I
S
T
A
N
C
E
O
F
P
A
K
I
S
T
A
N
I
S
I
N
S
R
E
T
C
A
R
A
H
C
N
I
A
M
O
W
T
H
G
U
O
R
H
T
N
E
E
S
S
A
N
O
D
N
O
L
F
I
N
A
H
N
I
K
U
R
E
I
S
H
I
’
S
“
M
Y
S
O
N
T
H
E
F
A
N
A
T
I
C
”
:
A
Y
D
U
T
S
L
A
I
N
O
L
O
C
T
S
O
P
S I S E H T E T A U D A R G R E D N U N A
s t n e m e ri u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
f o e e r g e D e h t r o
f SarjanaSastra s r e tt e L h s il g n E n i
y B
O M O T A R P G N U G A A K I H D A
1 9 0 4 1 2 4 9 0 : r e b m u N t n e d u t S
E M M A R G O R P Y D U T S S R E T T E L H S I L G N E
S R E T T E L H S I L G N E F O T N E M T R A P E D
S R E T T E L F O Y T L U C A F
Y T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
i v
d
n
a
d
e
ir
t
I
f
i
t
a
h
t
d
e
r
u
g
i
f
d
n
a
t
r
a
e
h
y
m
d
e
w
o
l
l
o
f
I
d
e
i
r
t
I
t
a
h
t
w
o
n
k
d
’
I
t
s
a
e
l
t
a
,
d
e
li
a
f
e
l
e
h
c
i
M
ii v
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A
o t e k il d l u o w I , t s o m e r o f d n a t s ri f e h
T g ivemy deepes tgrattiude ot Jesu s .s
i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u y m h s i n if o t e m g n i d i u g r o
f My greates tappreciaiton goe s
it a t p a S a n it s ir K d n a o y b i d u S o n o m a r P : s t n e r a p d e v o l e b y m o
t fo rthei rlove ,
, r e y a r
p suppo tr, moitvaiton, da n inspiirng ifgure .My thank sgo to my sibilng : a
n a d r A i d n a N a t p i d a r
P who accompanie sand give me suppor tin w iritng my s
e v i g e t a u d a r g r e d n
u . My t hank sarealso given t o Keluarga Besa rKembangarum d
n
a KeluargaBesa rWonosar.i s e o g e d u ti t a r g y
M to my thesi s advisor , Drs . Hrimawan Wjianarka , o
h w , . m u H .
M ha sgivenhi s itmet oguide mefromthei niitalt o t he ifna lstepand o
t correc t my thesis . My thankfulness also goe s to my oc -advisor Dew i .
M , . d P . S , it u t s a y d i
W Hum .Wtihou tthei rknowledge and assistance thi sstudy .
l u f s s e c c u s n e e b e v a h t o n d l u o w
o t o g s k n a h t y
M my firend sin Engilsh lette rDepatrmen:t Kurnia Put ir , ,
a h k a S , l e u m a S , n o m o
M Ptia ,Febi ,Anik ,Louisa ,Pinka ,Vinc, Angel da n Etir . a
n r u P n i s d n e ir f y
M PaskibrakaIndonesia KabupatenSleman :Ma sDantok ,Ma s ,
h a d n E , h it a R , k o t n A , ti p i P , ir b e F , i d
A Aitna ,Esthe,rI rul ,Ha ifd ,AdtiHair ,Pipin , r
a j a
F Ardi ,Faja rJanu ,and Deta .My firend sin Ikatan Dima sDiajeng Sleman : i
n A , r a k e S , y ll i B , a c i s s e J , i d n a t s ir h
C n . They give thei rbes twishe sand thei r n
o it a v it o
m fo rme . Last , I would ilke to thank my academic advisor , Dra . .
ii i v
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T E
G A P E L T I
T .................................................................................................. i .... E
G A P L A V O R P P
A ............................................................................................ ii E
G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ....................................................................................... iii I
S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E
P ................................................ vi Y
T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T
S .................................................................. v .. O
T T O
M PAGE ................................................................................................. i..v S
T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ................................................................................. v ii S
T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T .................................................................................... iv ii T
C A R T S B
A ........................................................................................................ x K
A R T S B
A ........................................................................................................... ix N
O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ....................................................................... 1 .
A Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton ... 4 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy ... 5 .
D Deifniitono fTerm s ... 5 W
E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
C ....................................................... 7 .
A Reviewo fRelatedStudie s... 7 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ire s... 11 .
1 Theo ire sonCharacte randCharacteirzaiton ... 11 .
2 Theo ire sonPostcoloniali sm ... 31 .
3 Theo ire son ThridWo lrdMigraitoni ntoFris tWo lrd ... 61 .
4 Theo ire sonHib ird tiy ... 81 .
5 Theo ire son ResistancetowardIdenttiyDominaiton... 02 .
C ReviewonPakistan iMigrait onintoLondon ... 22 .
D Theoreitca lFramework ... 52 Y
G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C ................................................................. 8..2 .
A Objec toft heStudy ... 82 .
B Approachoft heStudy ... 92 .
C Methodoft heStudy ... 03 S
I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
C ............................................................................... 33 .
A TheCharacteirsitc so fParvezandAil ... 33 .
1 TheCharacteirsitcs o fParvez ... 33 .
2 TheCharacteirsitc so fAl i ... 6....4 .
B TheReaciton so fParvezandAl itowardB iritshSocietyinLondon ... 35 .
1 TheReacitons o fParvezt owardB iritshSocietyi nLondon ... 35 .
2 TheReaciton so fAilt owardB iritshSocietyinLondon... 95 .
C Catego irzaitono fHib irdtiyandResistancei nParvezandAil... 36 .
1 H iibrdtiyi nParvez ... 46 .
x i N
O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C .......................................................................... 71 Y
H P A R G O I L B I
B ................................................................................................ 75 X
I D N E P P
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
a e d i d n a n o it o m e r i e h t s s e r p x e o t s g n i e b n a m u h r o f s y a w y n a m e r a e r e h T
. e r u t a r e ti l n i s i a e d i r i e h t s s e r p x e o t e s u n a c y e h t y a w f o e n O . r e h t o e h t o t
e r u t a r e ti
L i sa unique medium to states idea ,tells expeirence ,and ciritcize a .
y t e i c o s n i n o n e m o n e h
p Ltierary work present s an idea in w irtten tex t e
v it a n i g a m
i l yand creaitvel yabouthumanbeing andtheriexpeirence .Theaimo f t
x e t y r a r e ti
l i sto tel lthe story mriro irng the author’ swo lrd and perspecitve ,to g
n i h c a e t l a r o m r o n o s s e l e v i
g , to amuse the reader ,and to t ell condiiton and .
y l g n it s e r e t n i y t e i c o s n i n o n e m o n e h
p Therearemanyt ype sofl tierarywork ssuch s
a poerty ,novel ,drama,movies cirpt,s ongs cirpt ,ands ho trs tory . s
k r o w y r a r e ti
L a recreatedbyhuman ot tellt hecondiiton aboutt heril fie e
c n e ir e p x
e a nd the envrionmen t o r society around them . The condiiton o f r o s i h s e k a m r e ti r w e h t s a e m it e m a s n i e b n a c e r u t a r e ti l n i y t e i c o s r o t n e m n o ri v n e
r e f e r r o s k r o w y r a r e ti l r e
h s to the pas t itme he o rshe want sto reveal .In thi s l
a e v e r o t d e d e e n s i y r o t s i h o t e c n e r e f e r f o e l o r e h t ,s i s e h
t howacetrain condiiton
c o s f
o i etyi screated.
n i s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o
R Reading and Wriitng abou tLtierature g ive n
o it a n a l p x
e aboutl tieratureand tisf uncitonas:
t o n s i e r u t a r e ti l t a h t , t s ri f : s n o it r e s s a r i e h t y n e d n a c , e s r u o c f o , e n o o N
s a e d i s e i d o b m e e r u t a r e ti l t a h t , d n o c e s d n a , m u u c a v a n i d e t a e r c
d n a t s r e d n u o t e l b i s s o p m i s i tI . ti d e c u d o r p t a h t e r u tl u c e h t o t t n a c if i n g i s
y ll u
s i h n
I LtieraryC iritcism :APrimer ,Lundargues tha thistory havear ole d
n a t s a p e h t n i d e n e p p a h n o it i d n o c n i a tr e c e h t e c a rt o
t it scause .Thatr eferencet o
s p l e h y r o t s i h
a torevealacetraincondiitoni nl tierarywork .However ,analyzing a t
u o h ti w k r o w y r a r e ti
l any referencemakes atextual analysi swhich tj us focus on ,
m r e t e h
t c no f ilc tandothers intirnsic element .s n
e ll A d r a h c i
R in his work Ltierature and History in Ltierature and 0
0 8 1 a i d n I d n a n i a ti r B : n o it a
n -1990 state sthe relaiton between history and :
s a e r u t a r e ti l
y n a m r o f s e i d u t s y r a r e ti l d e m r o f n i s a h t a h t f e il e b a y b d e n n i p r e d n u s i tI
’t x e t n o c ‘ e h t d n a s t x e t y r a r e ti l n e e w t e b n o it c e n n o c a s i e r e h t t a h t : s r a e
y -
ti l o p , l a i c o
s ical , economic ,phliosophica l - from which they emerge .)
0 1 : 0 0 0 2 , n e ll A (
t a h t s e t a t s n e ll
A ltierary work s are in lfuenced by cetrain histo irca l n
e p p a h n o it i d n o
c e d in t hesocietybeforeo rdu irngt hatl tierarywork sweremade . k
r o w y r a r e ti l e h
T becomes the representaiton o fcetrain society which ha sbeen y
b e d a
m awrtiert outteraphenomenoninas ociety. s k r o w y r a r e ti l g n it s e r e t n i e h t f o e n
O t hat shows t hecondiiton o fpeople e
r a o h
w affected byt hei renvrionmen tandsociety ,andalsot heuseo fhistoryand o
s cia l record i s a shor t story by diaspo irc wrtie r (chlid o f migrant ) Hani f .
” c it a n a F e h t n o S y M “ d e lt it n e s ’i h s i e r u
K Thes ho trs tory“MySont heFanaitc”i s t
i e s u a c e b n e s o h
c showst hecondiitono fthesociety ,especially colonized people t
p a d a o h
w thecolonia lgaze, andalso a smigrant speoplewho alsoadaptt henew n
o it a
n ali denttiy wherethey ilvein .Peoplewho arecolonized o rcomet o a new ,
e c a l
p adapt the new gaze which is dominan . I t ct an be said tha t they are d
e s s e r p p
e v il y e h
t . On the othe rhand ,the othe rgroup o fpeople who are colonized y
ll a c i s y h
p ro ideologically have thei rrefusa land resistance o ftha tcolonizing. l
a s u f e r d n a e c n a t p e c c a f o s n o it c a e r t n e r e f fi d o w t e s o h
T a reshown by t wo majo r
i n a t s i k a P e r a m e h t f o h t o B . il A d n a z e v r a P : e r a y e h T . y r o t s tr o h s t a h t n i s r e t c a r a h c
o h
w i smigrantsi nLondon. a
e h
T cceptanceo fnew naitonal i denttiy which i sdominan tfrom a new e
h t s i d n a
l f c so u o fhib irdtiy.Hib irdtiypoint son t hecombinaiton oft wo dfiferen t .
e r u tl u c d n a y ti t n e d i f o s t n e m e l
e A cc ording to Habib in A History o fLtierary ,
t n e s e r P e h t o t o t a l P m o r F : m s i c it i r
C hec s tie Hom iK .Bhaba’st ermo fhib ird tiy a s “hyb irdtiy expresse sa state o f“in betweenness” ,a sin a person who stand s
s e r u tl u c o w t n e e w t e
b ” (Habib ,2005 :750) . Then i n anotheri denttiy ,resistance s
r a e p p
a eb cause the disagreement s o f the colonia l gaze , people reject the g
n i z i n o l o
c gaze beca su e ti conrtas ts wtih thei r own identtiy . According to n
i r e m h e o
B Colonia landPostcolonia lLtierature ,hestatest hatr esistancei sused e
d , r e w o p n i e g n a h c a s a l l e w s a s e v it c e p s r e p t s il a i n o l o c t s i s e r o
t colonizaiton
l li t s d n a d e d n a m e
d demand ssymboilcoverhau,l r eshapingo fdominan tmeaning s )
3 : 5 0 0 2 , r e m h e o B
( .T histhesi sanalyzestheaciton o fhib irdtiy and resistance fo i
h w y ti t n e d i l a n o it a n w e
n ch i sdominan tand how they can be catego irzed a s d
n a d ir b i
h resistanceinpracitca lways. .
B ProblemFormula iton
e e r h t e r a e r e h
T quesitons which are used to have understanding on t
p e c n o
c and practica l acitons o f hib irdtiy and resistance toward colonizer’ s n
o y g o l o e d
.
1 Howaret het womaincharacter so fParvezandAl idescirbe d? .
2 Wha tare the reacitons fo Parvez and Al itoward B iritsh society in n
o d n o
L ?
.
3 HowParvezandAilcanbeconsidered as hib irdandresistant? .
C Objecitve soft heStudy
s i h t , n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t n o d e s a
B thesis aim s to identfiy the
t n e r e f fi
d reacitons whicharegiven byPakistan imigrantsinLondonast hepar to f y
t e i c o s h s it ir
B .They are acceptance (hib irdtiy )and resistance o fnew naitonal n
o y ti t n e d
i Pakistan iwho are migrants in London which i sre lfected in two r
a h c i n a t s i k a
P acters . Iniitally , the wrtie r want s to identfiy the character’ s w o n k o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , n e h T . i h s i e r u K f i n a H , r o h t u a e h t y b n e v i g n o it p ir c s e d
r i e h t t a h
w aciton t oward B iritsh society ast hei rnew place t hey ilve .In t hel ast , t
u o d n if o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h
t howParvezand Al ican becatego irzed a shyb ird da n resistance through t heripracitca lacitonsbased on t he character sdescirpiton and
. y t e i c o s h s it ir B d r a w o t s n o it c a e r ri e h t
.
D Deifni itono fTerms
t u o b a r e d a e r e h t o t s n o it i n if e d e m o s e v i g o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t ,t r a p s i h t n I
n o it a n a l p x e r e h tr u f e h t n i g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o t r e d r o n i d e s u s m r e t y e k e m o s
h T . s i s e h t s i h t t u o b
a ose deifniitons o fkey terms are taken from some source .s
e i d u t s l a i n o l o c t s o p e h t t u o b a n r e c n o c h c i h w s k o o b
.
1 Hibrid tiy
n i y r r a
( e r u tl u c e n o n a h t e r o m o t y l s u o e n a tl u m i
s Barry ,2002 :199 .)Habibi nAHsitoryo f ,
t n e s e r P e h t o t o t a l P m o r F : m s i c it i r C y r a r e ti
L c s tie Hom iK .Bhaba’ sterm o f
hib irdtiy a sa state o f“in betweenness” ,as i n aperson who stand sbetween t wo (
s e r u tl u
c Habib ,2005 :750 .)Int hist hesis ,theeffec to fhib irdtiyi scausedbyt he e
v o
m m ento fpeoplei ntoanewl and. .
2 Resistance
o t g n i d r o c c
A Boehmeri n Colonia land Postcolonia lLtierature ,hestate s i
n o l o c t s i s e r o t d e s u s i e c n a t s i s e r t a h
t ails tperspecitves a swel la sa change in e
d , r e w o
p colonizaiton demanded and stli ldemand ssymboilcoverhau,l r eshaping s
g n i n a e m t n a n i m o d f
o (Boehmer , 2005 : 3). Barry in Beginning theory : An Introduciton to Ltierary and Cutlura l Theory explain s tha t resistance in
s i l a i n o l o c t s o
p the effor to fthe colonized to reclaim thei rown past. Th en they e
d o r e o t n i g e
b thecoloniails tideologywhichdevalu esthei rowni deology(Barry , .)
3 9 1 : 2 0 0 2
.
3 Postcolonial
n i r e l s s e r B o t g n i d r o c c
A LtieraryC iritcism :AnI ntroducitont oTheoryand ,
e c it c a r
P Postcoloniailsm i sthe era tha ta counrty wa scolonized by anothe r r
e z i n o l o c n a e p o r u E y ll a i c e p s e , y rt n u o c t n a n i m o
d (Bressler ,1999 :265) . In thi s s
u c o f e h t s i s e h
7 I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
f o s e i d u t s e m o s ,s i s e h t s i h t g n it c u d n o c n
I et h sho trs toryandt heo ire sabou t l
a i n o l o c t s o
p ,especially thet hrid wo lrd o fpostcolonia lare used for t heanalysis . s
n o it c e s r u o f f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h
T ,t heyarereviewofr elateds tudie ,sr eviewo f .
k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t d n a , l a c ir o t s i h n o w e i v e r ,s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
e r a e r e h
T t wo analyse sdone by t wo researcher sabout t he shor tstory o f s
’i h s i e r u
K “MySont heFanaitc”, tb mu osltyoft hempoin tou to nthecutlurelash n
e e w t e
b Wes tand I slamicvalues .Int hisr eviewofr elatedstudies, thewrtie ru sse y
b e r o f e b e n o d s e i d u t s e h
t researchers on t he shor tstory “My Son t heFanaitc” . s
e k a t r e ti r w e h t , r e v e w o
H some necessary point sto suppor tthe analysi so fthi s s
i s e h t .
e h
T previou sstudie saboutt hes ho trs toryha sbeendonebyTatangI skarna e
l c it r a d e t n ir p n
i “Phenomenon” vol .9 - No .1 June 2005 enitlted “Tracing the e
h t f o t o o
R Clash between Islamic Tradiiton and Western Value s in Hanfi s
’i h s i e r u
K “My Son t heFanaitc” .Hepoint soutt hecauseoft heconfilc tbetween n
r e t s e
W value sand Islamic rtadiiton and how they are alway sin a colilding n
o it a u ti
s ,nott ot hecolonia leffec to fB iritsh.
n e e w t e b t c il f n o c e h t s y a rt r o p h c i h w y r o t s t r o h s a s i ” c it a n a F e h t n o S y M “
a s e ri s e d o h w , z e v r a P d e m a n , r e h t a f
a Western lfiestyle ,and hi sson ,Ail , n
r u t e r o t s t n a w o h
” c it a n a F e h t n o S y M “ y r o t s t r o h s e h t f o t n i o p n i a m e h t t a h t s e u g r a a n r a k s I
n e e w t e b t c il f n o c f o l a y a rt r o p e h t s
i Western lfiestyleand Islamic rtadiiton which e
r
a presented by t heconfilc tbetween f athe rand Son.Healso states “My Son t he c
it a n a
F ” help s reader s to understand how two cutlures , Islam and Western .)
2 7 : 5 0 0 2 , a n r a k s I ( ” h s a l c y a m , n o it a z il i v i
c Shfiitng to t he dfiferent t opic from e
h
t studie so fIskarna’s ,the wrtie rpick ssome supporitng point sfrom the same a
n r a k s I y b e n o d e l c it r
a t to het opicoft hist hesis ,hib irdtiyandr esistance.
, n o d n o L n i r e v ir d i x a t a e m a c e b o h w t n a r g i m m i i n a t s i k a P a , z e v r a P
e z il a n r e t n i o t s e d i c e
d Western valuesi n hisl fie a shemoved t o England . ,
r e v e w o
H in lfuenced by hi s Islamic fundamentails t envrionment , Al i n
o i g il e r c i m a l s I e h t n i t s e r e t n i c it a n a f a s p o l e v e
d .Hegrow sabeard ,pray s ,
y a d a s e m it e v
if throw sawayallt hingsr epresenitng Western civiilzaiton .)
4 6 : 5 0 0 2 , a n r a k s I (
f o t ir i p s e h
T accepitng and rejecti gn ot the new way o flfie appear son s
’ a n r a k s
I analysis ,butt ha tspriti sseem al labou tWestern cutluret ha tclash wtih .
n o i g il e r c i m a l s
I Anothe rexampleont hes piir to faccepitngWesternvaluesi s: a
s a d n a l g n E n i g n i v i
L n immigrant ,Parvezexpeirences t hesevalues ,and hei sablet oadap thimseflt ot heseatlhoughs omeitme sbehavesi nt heway
s y a s n o it i d a rt d l o s i h t a h
t (Iskarna ,2005 :69). n
I tha texplanaiton ,Parvez stand son ot w idenitite ,s Western value sand n
O . s e u l a v n a t s i k a P n o it i d a rt d l o s i
h the conrtary ,an example on the spiir to f n
o n o it c e j e
r Westerncutlurei s:
t s n i a g a t h g if o t t n e m e v o m a s e k a m o h w i l A e k il n
U Western value sand
s i d n a l g n E n i y n it s e d s i h t a h t s r e d i s n o c i l A , y ti n u m m o c a d e z i n a g r o
i m r e t e
d ned by how he ,a san i ndividua,l i sablet o survive and adaptt o a .)
s i h n i il
A effo tr t irest o against theWestern values which areconrtast t o .
s e v e il e b e h n o it i d a rt c i m a l s I e h
t Heassumest ha thecan ilvewtihou tfollow t he n
r e t s e
W value .sInt hel as,tI skarnaconcludes:
y r o t s e h t , n o it a z il i v i c f o h s a l c s ’ n o t g n it n u H f o n o it i s o p o r p e h t g n i s U
e h t d n a m a l s I f o w e i v t c ir t s e h t y b d e s u a c y ll a u t c a s i h s a l c e h t w o h s l a e v e r
n r e t s e
W value so ffreedom ,human irght ,s i ndividuailsm ,democracy ,and t heseparaiton ofr eilgionand poilitc sorr eilgiou sandsociall fie( Iskarna ,
.) 2 7 : 5 0 0 2
t u o b a s i y r o t s t r o h s e h t t a h t s e t a t s a n r a k s I , e l c it r a s i h f o n o i s u l c n o c e h t n I
n o it a z il i v i c f o h s a l c e h
t which i s presente d by characters . Tha t clash o f s
i n o it a z il i v i
c t irggered by the dfiferen tvalues ,the roots o fthe clash are stirc t r
a l u c e s e h t d n a m a l s I f o w e i
v Western cu tlure .Sincet hey havedfiferen tvalues , .t
e e m y e h t n e h w h s a l c s y a w l a y e h t
y d u t s r e h t o n
A aboutt heshor tstory doneby Ald tia Intan Rahmaniai n an d
e lt it n e s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n
u Analysi son t heColilsion o fIslam Fundamentailsm Cutlureand Western Cutlurea sPerceived byt heCharactersi n Hani fKureish 'i s
” c it a n a F e h t n o S y M
“ (2008). In he rundergraduate thesis ,she highilght sthe
o w t f o h s a l
c dfiferen tcutlures:
m a l s I n e e w t e b h s a l c l a r u tl u c e h t g n it h g il t o p s s i s i s e h t s i h T
d n a e r u tl u c m s il a t n e m a d n u
F Western cutlure ;i tshow show two cutlure s d
n a m a l s I t a h t w e n k e w s A . g n i d il l o c e r
a Westernarealwaysi ncolilding (
n o i s il l o c t a h t e t a e r c h c i h w s e s u a c y n a m e r a e r e h t d n a n o it a u ti
s Rahmania ,
.) 9 : 8 0 0 2
, s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u t a h t n
I Rahmania state stha tdfiferen tcutlure and d
n a e r u tl u c m s il a t n e m a d n u F m a l s I n e e w t e b w e i v f o t n i o
p Westerncutluret irgger s
t a h t g n i z y l a n a n I . n o i s il l o c n i m e h
t colilsion ,she invesitgate ssome cause stha t .
i b a h o w t n e e w t e
b t sand cu tlure t(henew and t he o irgin )o rmake an adaptaiton , .
d n a l w e n e h t y b d e r e f f o s i t a h t y ti t n e d i w e n e h t t c e j e r n e h t
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories
.
1 Theorie sonCharacterandCharacteriza iton
. A .
J Cuddon i n Penguin Dicitonary o fLtieraryTerm u ses the t erm t ha t n
o i n i p o t n e i c n a e h t s e s s u c s i d n o c a B s i c n a r
F in hi sAdvancemen to fLearning t
a h t ) 5 0 6 1
( man wa smicrocosmus , an absrtac to rmode lo fthe wo lrd .Anothe r n
o it a n a l p x
e s abou tcharacte rwhich i susedbyCuddon i st heSi rWatle rRalegh’ s g
n it ir
w i nHistoryoft heWorld(1614 ) ,“Becausei nt hel tiltef rameo fman' sbody n o it a p i c it r a p f o d n i k a ) n o i s u ll a y b ( d n a ; l a s r e v i n U e h t f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r a s i e r e h t
d e ll a c n a m s a w e r o f e r e h t , e r e h t s tr a p e h t ll a f
o Microcosmos ,ort hel tilteWo ” lrd 8
9 9 1 , n o d d u C
( :126 .)Theexplanaiton saboutcharacte rabovemeant ha tcharacte r s i n o d d u C y b d e t a t s s i h c i h w y r o e h t t a h T . s e v il e h y t e i c o s n i n o it i d n o c a t n e s e r p e r
o t d e s
u proof tha tcharacter sin “My Son The Fanaitc” represen ta condiiton in y
t e i c o
s .
J .
M . Murphy in Understanding Unseen : An Introduciton to Engilsh s
t n e d u t S s a e s r e v O r o f l e v o N h s il g n E e h t d n a y r t e o
P state stha tthere are many f
o s y a
w theauthort ogivedesirpitonandunderstandingaboutt he c ah car tert ot he r
e d a e
r (Murphy ,1972 :161-173 .) He formulate shi siden itifcaiton o fcharacters :
y b
s e D l a n o s r e P .
a cirpiton r o h t u a e h
T can descirbea person’ sappearanceand clothe sby t elilng t he u
s s li a t e
.
b C ah car te ra sSeenbyAnother s
e d r o h t u a e h
T cirbe sthecharacte rbyt heopinion so fothe rc ah car ter .s h
c e e p S . c
h g u o r h t n o it p ir c s e d s e v i g r o h t u a e h
T wha t a person says .I tcan be s
e t a t s e h n e h w r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c y b d e v r e s b
o opinion ,whichmean shei s e
u l c e m o s g n i v i
g s aboutt hecharacte.r .
d Pas tLfie
r e d a e r e h t g n it t e l y
B s learns omethingabou taperson’spastl fie, theautho r e b n a c t I .r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a e p a h s o t d e p l e h e v a h t a h t s t n e v e o t e u l c a e v i g n a c
s i h , s t h g u o h t s ’ n o s r e p e h t , r o h t u a e h t y b t n e m m o c t c e ri d e h t h g u o r h t n e e s
it a s r e v n o
c onort hemediumo fanothe rperson. r
e v n o C .
e saitono fothers r o h t u a e h
T give sdescirp iton o fa characte rby the conversaiton o fothe r s
r e t c a r a h
c .They talk abou th is lfie and the thing sthey say to give cl eu s abou t m
i h .
s n o it c a e R . f
n a c r o h t u a e h
T descirbe the characte rby letitng the readers know how .s
t n e v e r o s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r e h s / e h
t n e m m o C t c e ri D . g
e v i g r o h t u a e h
T s desc irpitont hroughcommen tonthecharacters d rieclty. t
h g u o h T . h
e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h
T s thecharacters by l etitng t hereaders know what t he .t
t n a n i m o
d counrty, especially European colonizer .In thi sthesis, the focu so f h
s it ir B s i r e z i n o l o
c Emprie .Postcoloniailsm a sa reference t o a histo irca lphase e
n il c e d e h t r e tf a s e ir t n u o c d lr o W d ri h T y b e n o g r e d n
u o fcoloniailsm:f o rexample , ,
a i s A n i s e ir t n u o c n e h
w Af irca ,Laitn Ameirca ,and t heCairbbeanseparatedf rom n
a e p o r u E e h
t Emprie sandarel etft or ebulidt hemselves( Bressler ,1999 :26 5 .) n
i r e m h e o
B Colonia l and Postcolonia l Ltierature state s tha t t
n a r g i m y b d e c n e ir e p x e y ti l a i n o l o c t s o
p s from Thrid Wo lrd who come to Fris t )
e p o r u E ( d lr o
W , t heyarecutlurally andi deologically dominatedbytheEuropean e
z a
g through the habtis and cu tlure in European society .I tcan be said tha t t
n a r g i
m s in Fris tWo lrd are colonized by the identtiy and custom fo the Fris t p
w e n ( d lr o
W lace) .Thes piir to fpostcoloniailsmw s oant t abre kthedominaitono f s
ti h g u o r h t d lr o W t s ri F e h t y b d e t o m o r p s i h c i h w y ti t n e d i w e n e h
t interesitng
, s ti b a h d n a e r u tl u
c backt o t heold i denttiy and rtadiiton whicht hemigrants have (Boehmer ,2005 :229-231 .) In LtieraryCriitcism :An I ntroduciton t o Theoryand
e c it c a r
P ,Bressle ralsos tatest hedominaitono fB iritshEmp rieas:
t a h t s i , r e v e w o h , e t a t s y ll a c it a h p m e s c it ir c t s il a i n o l o c t s o p l l a t a h W
, r u c c o d i d m s il a i n o l o c n a e p o r u
E thatt heB iritsh Empriewa satt hecente r l a c i s y h p e h t d e t a n i m o d y l n o t o n s r o r e u q n o c e h t t a h t , m s il a i n o l o c s i h t f o
t a h t d n a , e l p o e p d e z i n o l o c e h t f o y g o l o e d i r o y n o m e g e h e h t o s l a t u b d n a l
d o t t l e f g n i e b l li t s d n a y n a m e r a s n o it a z i n o l o c e s e h t f o s t c e f f e e h
t ay
6 6 2 : 9 9 9 1 , r e l s s e r B
( -267 .)
t a h t s e t a t s n ir e u G d e r fl i
W Thrid Wo lrd wrtier sfocu son both coloniailsm s
e g n a h c e h t d n
a which are created i n a postcolonia lcutlure .Tha tchange s tisel f r
o ti r r e t e h t n i y l n o t o
n i alcolonizaiton ,bu talso t he i deologi cal colonizaiton .T he s
e g n e ll a h
.
4 Theorie sonHibridtiy
. M e l o c i N o t g n i d r o c c
A Gyulay’ sexplanaiton fo thet heoryo fHib ird tiyi n y
r o e h T l a r u tl u C d n a y r a r e ti L f o a i d e p o l c y c n E e h
T by Michae lRyan, Gyulay
e t a t
s s tha thib irdtiy i st het erm fori ntermixing o fcutlurest ha tha soccu rred a sa e
s u y a l u y G , y ti d ir b i h t u o b a g n i n i a l p x e n I . m s il a i n o l o c f o t l u s e
r s the theory by
. K i m o
H Bhabha which state shib irdtiy a sa t‘hrid space’, tha tmean scutlura l s
tr e v b u s t a h t y a w a n i d e t a it o g e n s i y ti t n e d
i thepowerr elaiton sbetweencolonize r e
v i g o s l a y a l u y G , r e h tr u f y ti d ir b i h g n i n i a l p x E . d e z i n o l o c d n
a s an example o f
t g n i s
u he term hib irdtiy which i sargued by Sovie tcutlura ltheo irst Mikhai l n
it h k a
B , tha tasinglespeake rca nspeakwtih ahyb ird voicecontainingmoret han u
g n a l e n
o age ,cutlure ,o rbeile fsystem t o creaitng t heoppo trun tiy fo rcompeitng i
s e n i m r e d n u o t s e c i o
v ngular ,authoraitvediscourse( Ryan ,2011 :636 .) r
e m h e o B e k e ll
E h assameconcept abou thib irdtiyast het ermconceivedby r
e m h e o B . d e s u y a l u y G t a h t a h b a h B . K i m o
H states:
p a g e h t d e g d ir b y ll u f s s e c c u s s a h h c i h w t a h t s i s i h t f o n g i s r e h tr u f A
d ri h T n e e w t e
b and Fris t Wo lrds , and estab ilshed tisel f a t the cen rte .)
2 3 2 : 5 0 0 2 , r e m h e o B (
r e w o p e h t h ti w s e t a it o g e n y ti d ir b i h t a h t s e v i e c n o c a h b a h B . K i m o H
a s i y ti d ir b i h s e v i e c n o c r e m h e o B , n e h T . d e z i n o l o c d n a r e z i n o l o c n e e w t e b n o it a l e r
d ri h T n e e w t e b p a g e h t f o m u i d e
m Wo lrd and Fris tWo lrd .Both o fBhabhaand y
ti d ir b i h t u o b a n o it p e c r e p e m a s e v a h r e m h e o
B a saplacebetweenFris tWo lrdand o
t d n a t s y a m n o s r e p a h c i h w ) d e z i n o l o c d n a r e z i n o l o c ( d lr o W d ri h
T negoitate t o
m e h t n e e w t e b t r a p h t o b e v a
h .The concep to fcolonia lstudy make sa binary r
e z i n o l o c e h t n e e w t e
d r a w o t y ti t n e d i d n a , n o it i d a
rt s thesupe irortiyandthedominaitonoft hecolonizer . e
l g g u rt s t a h
T happens becausethey areafraid t hatt hei ro irgin wli lbet hreatene d .r
e z i n o l o c e h t f o y n o m e g e h e h t y b
s e t a t s r e m h e o B e k e ll
E tha tthe g oal o fthe colonized si to agains tthe :
s a r e z i n o l o c f o n o it a n i m o d
r o t r e h t o n a r o y a w e n o n i t u o s t e s t a h t g n it ir w s i t
I esis tcoloniails t
d e d n a m e d n o it a z i n o l o c e d , r e w o p n i e g n a h c a s a l l e w s A . e v it c e p s r e
p --and
s d n a m e d l li t
s --symboilc overhaul , a reshaping o f dominan t meaning s .)
3 : 5 0 0 2 , r e m h e o B (
n i a l p x e r e m h e o
B s tha t such ltieratures , c iritcs , and studie s abou t e
t a d il o s n o c e r a l a i n o l o c t s o
p agains t the shape o fthe res tcolonia lpowe rlef tin e h t f o n o it a n i m o d e h t t u o t e s o t y rt y e h T . e v it c e p s r e p d n a , e r u tl u c , d n a l r i e h t
.t f e l t a h t l a i n o l o
c Insamebook ,Boehme rexplainst hatcolonizedpeoplemay etak f
o m r o f e h
t approximaitonand assimliaiton ,orl ater ,morer adically,t heybecome e
z a g l a i n o l o c e h t o t e c n a t s i s e r d n a l a s r e v e
r a sreaciton o fthe dominan tcolony 5
0 0 2 , r e m h e o B
( :165 .)
Revath i K irshnaswamy’ s work Mythologie s o f Migrancy in Linked :
s e i r o t s i
H Po tscolonia lStudiesi nGlobailzedWo lrdbyPamellaMcCallums hape s r
e ti r w t n a r g i m l a i n o l o c t s o p w o
h s rtyt or esistt heeffec to fnewl andhegemonyas: m e e s n e tf o ” s d n a l e m o h y r a n i g a m i “ r i e h t t a k c a b g n i z a g s r e ti r w t n a r g i m m I
e h t t p e c c a r o e z i n g o c e r o t e l b a n
u heailng balmf romwtihin t ha tgradually e
r u tr a p e d r i e h t y b t f e l d n u o w e h t p u s ll
if (McCallum ,2005 :105). n
i a l p x e y m a w s a n s ir h
K s thatt hemigran twrtiers misst hei rhomelandwhen t
n a r g i m r e h t o e h
t s proudlybecomehyb irdmigrants .Lookingatt her ealtiyt hatt he e h t y b d e s s e r p p o e r a y e h t d n a d n a l e m o h r i e h t h ti w t n e r e f fi d y r e v s i d n a l w e n
m e h t s e k a m t i , d n a l w e n e h t f o y n o m e g e
e m o c e
b reverse and resis tthe existe d rtadiiton and cutlure in the new land . e
c n a t s i s e
R ist hewayt o r esis torr ejec tthehegemonyoft henewl andcutlureand .
n o it i d a rt
.
C ReviewonPakistan iMigra itoni ntoLondon
e h T . n o d n o L o t n i n o it a r g i m i n a t s i k a P e h t n o w e i v e r a s e d i v o r p t r a p s i h T
w e i v e r e h t f o n o it a m r o f n
i si moslty t aken f rom onilnesourceswhich arereleased .
n o d n o L n i ) R P P I ( h c r a e s e R y c il o P c il b u P r o f e t u ti t s n I y
b tIs howst hemo itvaiton ,
n o d n o L o t n i s t n a r g i m i n a t s i k a P f o t n e m e v o m l a c ir o t s i
h ,and how they setlte in
n o d n o
L .The review which is used i sReturn migrant sin Paki tsan by Matra w
a h K d i h a Z n a h e R h ti w i n a n g o l o
B aaja ,NidaHaseebKhanandAhmeedWaheed <http/:i/pp .rorg/uploadeFliesr/esearchr/emigraiton_pakistan.pdf> (8Ap ir l2013 .)
o t g n i d r o c c
A Bolognani ,Pakistan i soneo ft hefour-bigges tcountires on s
t n a r g i m f o s r e b m u n g n it u b ir t n o
c ,asi n:
y rt n u o c e h t , a t a d y e v r u S e c r o F r u o b a L 6 0 0 2 f o s i s y l a n a r p p i o t g n i d r o c c A
h tr u o f e h t s d n e s t a h
t highes tnumbe ro fmigrant sto the UK i sPakistan .)
7 0 0 2 r p p
i( Wtih al arge setlted populaiton o fPakistan io irgin i n t heUK h
ti w e s o h t ,s r e m o c w e n h ti w g n o l
a Pakistan ihertiagei nBrtiain areamong n
i g ir o s a e s r e v o f o s p u o r g s u o u c i p s n o c t s o m e h
t (Bolognani ,2009 :4 .)
e c n i
S o fthat fact ,Pakistan i swel lknown in England a sthe counrty o f .
r o t u b ir t n o c t n a r g i
m The fris tgeneraiton o fPakistan imigrant sto the England a
a i v g n ir e t n e t s o m ( s 0 6 9 1 e h t n i d e lt t e s y l n i a
m voucher ro v isasystem) ,thenex t n
o it a r e n e
g groupi sthechlidrenofmigran tandt herispouses ,manyofthemcome e
m o c o h w s t n a r g i m w e n y n a m y b d e w o ll o f , n a t s i k a P m o r
f becausework permtis ,
s a s i v y d u t
v e il e b o h w s t s i m it p o e h t n e v e , n o s a e r s i h t r o
F edt heeducaitonstiuaiton i n o t o g d l u o w n e r d li h c r i e h t t a h t d e p o h l li t s y l k c i u q g n i v o r p m i e b o t n a t s i k a P
s e e r g e d r e h g i h r i e h t r o f K U e h
t (Bolognani ,1999 :12 .) r
o
F educaitonalreason ,parents in Pakistan want t hei rch lidren go t o UK e u l a v c it s i n a m u h s e t a v it l u c K U n i n o it a c u d e e v e il e b y e h T . e e r g e d r e h g i h r i e h t r o f
d n
a ha smorequaltiyr athert hani nPakistan .Mos to fpeoplewho comeandstudy m
u s s a y e h T . r o j a m w a l d n a r o j a m s c i m o n o c e e k a t K U n
i et ha tbotheconomicand
n o t c e p s o r p d o o g e v a h r o j a m w a
l earning money when t hey graduate .They may (
r e y w a l e m o c e b r o k n a b n i k r o
w Bolognani ,1999 :12 .) Anotherr eason f o rmove t
n a r g i m s a d n a l g n E o
t s :i s
k r o
W envrionmentsw eregenerallyconsidered ot eb yv er safe.T shisw a y
l n i a
m connected hw oti t w concepts ew havearleadymen itoned:respect r
o
f human el dfi a en t eh r ful o law( Bolognani ,1999:1 . 2)
i n a t s i k a P r e g g ir t y t e i c o s d n a t n e m n o ri v n e k r o w e v i c u d n o c d n a e f a s e h T o t e v o
m England .They think t ha tEngland sh a bette rstiuaiton t o ilver athert han e
s u a c e b n a t s i k a P n
i B iritsh society r espectt hehuman irgh tandr uleofl aw ,dfife r .)
4 : 9 9 9 1 , i n a n g o l o B ( t h g ir n a m u h e h t s ti m il t a h t n a t s i k a P h ti
w Englandha sgood
d e r e f f o e r a h c i h w s e it il i c a f d n a s e c i v r e
s tot hesociety .Thesociety tisel f rteats the r
e h t
o swtih respec ttha tmake migrants fee ltha tthey lfie in f irendly civiilzed l
o B ( y t e i c o
s ognani ,1999 :14) . e
h t f o t s o
M migrant scome from urban areas ,such a sKarach iin Sindh , n
a tl u M , e r o h a L , d a b a m a l s
I a nd Sarghoda in Punjab ,and Abbottabad in the l
l A . e c n i v o r P r e it n o r F n r e h tr o
N populaiton from rura larea scom es from the ri
m h s a K d a z A n i t c ir t s i D r u p ri
e l d d i
m da n upper class people, da nn i et h rural areas mainly sa working class e
l p o e
p (Bolognani ,1999 :5).
h c i h w , 1 7 9 1 f o t c A n o it a r g i m m I e h
T camei ntoeffecti n1973,i nrtoduced y
ll a u n n a f o m e t s y s
a renewable work permti sfo rnon-Brtion sgranted enrty to s
t n e s e r p e r s i h T . k r o
w asigni ifcan tchangefromt heautomaitc irghtt o setltet ha t r
e d n u d e y o j n e d a h s r e k r o w h tl a e w n o m m o C w e
N thevouchersystemoft he1960 s n
o it a r g i m m i n i e g n a h c e h t , e m o s r o F . ) a 8 0 0 2 d a m h A
( poilcy in 1973 ,together
f a s e i c n a d n u d e r f o e v a w t n e u q e s b u s e h t d n a n o i s s e c e r e h t h ti
w fecitng the UK
y rt s u d n i e li t x e
t ni whichmos tPakistaniwereemployed ,signaledtheendo fanera d
e d n e s a h r e k r o w l a ir t s u d n i i n a t s i k a P t a h
t (Bolognani ,1999 :4 .) .
D Theoreitca lFramework
d e lt it n e s i s i s e h t s i h
T Hibrid tiy and Resistance o fPakistan iin London a s n
e e
S throughTwoMainCharactersi nHani fKureish ’i s“MySonTheFanaitc” :A .
y d u t S l a i n o l o c t s o
P In t hi sthesi sthewrtie rneedssomet heo irestodotheanalysis a
h r e ti r w e h t t a h
t s explained before, such a s the theo ires o f characte r and c
t s o p , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c oloniailsm o fTh rid Wo lrd migrant swho come to Fris t y
ll a c i g o l o e d i d n a y ll a t n e m d e t a n i m o d e r a h c i h w d lr o
W ,hib irdtiyandr esistancea s f
o n o it c a e r e h
t newi denttiy which i spresented i nt henew l and ,and Thrid Wo lrd n
o it a r g i
m intoFris tWo lrdand alsohisto irca lbackground o fPakistanmigrants in .
n o d n o
L Al loft heo ire sareusedt oanswert hreeproblems formulaitonconducted . f o n o it u b ir t n o c e h t n i a l p x e o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t n I
f o s i s y l a n a e h t o t y r o e h t h c a
e hib irdtiyand r esistancet oward F tri W ds o lr identtiy t
n a r g i m i n a t s i k a P y b e n o g r e d n u s i h c i h
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c ,theoryo fpostcoloniailsmo fThridWo lrdmigrant swho comet o d
i d n a y ll a t n e m d e t a n i m o d e r a h c i h w d lr o W t s ri
F eologically ,theory o fhib ird tiy f
o n o it c a e r e h t s a e c n a t s i s e r d n
a ilving outside the homeland ,theory o T f hrid Wo lrdmigrants intoFris tWo lrdandhisto irca lbackgroundo fPakistanmigranti n
n o d n o
L .
n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p t s ri f e h t r e w s n a o t r e d r o n
I ,t hewrtie rusest hetheory e
r a s r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h y fi t n e d i o t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f
o descirbed by
r o h t u a e h
t . Thist heoryi susedt oi dentfiycharacter so fParvezandAili nt heshor t y
r o t
s frompastl fieuntlit heendoft hes tory. t
r e d r o n
I o answe rthe second quesiton ,the wrtie ruse sthe theory o f l
a i n o l o c t s o p o s l a d n a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h
c theoryofi denttiydominaiton y
t e i c o s h s it ir B e h t y b d e t n e s e r p s i h c i h
w to know the reaciton o fParvezand Al i d
r a w o
t B iritsh society in London a sthe new land fo rmigrants. In detali ,the r
g i m f o y r o e h t e h t s i d e s u s i h c i h w y r o e h t l a i n o l o c t s o
p ant swho come t o a new
F r o d n a
l ri Ws t o lrd and they are dominated cutlurally and ideologically by the F tri Ws o lrd .Theo ire swhich arestated byEllekeBoehme rand Cha lres sBressle r
y g o l o e d i d n a e r u tl u c e h t n o s n r e c n o c h c i h w y d u t s l a i n o l o c t s o p t u o b a n i a l p x e
y b d e t a t s s i h c i h w y r o e h t e li h W . e l p o e p d e z i n o l o c e h t n o n o it a n i m o d ) y n o m e g e h (
e fi l e h t n o g n i d n a t s r e d n u e h t p l e h o t d e s u s i s d n e ir f d n a r a i u g A n a ir a
M o fThrid
. y d u t s l a i n o l o c t s o p s a d lr o W t s ri F n i s t n a r g i m d lr o W
, t s a l e h t n
I in ordert oanswert het h rid quesiton ,thewrtie rusestheory o f y
ti d ir b i
h and resistance , da n the Thrid Wo lrd migrait on into F ris tWo lrd theory t
c e j e r r o , y l p p a d n a t p o d a y a m t a h
y ti d ir b i h n
o whicharestated byNicoleM .GyulayandEllekeBoehme ri sused t o y fi t n e d i o t d e s u s i y r r a B r e t e P y b y r o e h t e li h w , y ti d ir b i h t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u e v a h
d ir b y h s e m o c e b n o s r e p a y b e n o g r e d n u e s a h p e h
t .Theo ire son resistancet oward i h t a v e R d n a r e m h e o B e k e ll E y b d e t a t s e r a h c i h w n o it a n i m o d y ti t n e d i e h t
d r a w o t e c n a t s i s e r e h t n o g n i d n a t s r e d n u e v a h o t d e s u e r a y m a w s a n s ir h K
d lr o W t s ri F o t n i n o it a r g i m d lr o W d ri h T e h T . n o it a n i m o d y ti t n e d i d n a m s il a i n o l o c
o e h
t ryi susedto i dentfiyt hemo itvaitono fmigrant scomet oFris tWo lrdcoun rty. i
l A d n a z e v r a P t r a p t a h w n i r e d i s n o c o t d e d e e n e r a s e ir o e h t e s o h
T may stand f o r
s e it it n e d i n w o r i e h
t , i tcan adop tand apply (hyb ird )orr ejectt hei denttiy (resis)t . n
I addiiton ,histo irca lbackground provide sthe history o fPakistan imigraiton’ s f o n o it a m r o f n i e h t d n a , n o d n o L o t n i g n i v o m r o f n o it a v it o m r i e h t , n o d n o L o t n i a r e
d n u o r g k c a b l a c ir o t s i h e h T . t n a r g i m g n i d n e s r o f e t u b ir t n o c h c i h w s e c n i v o r
p i salso
fi t n e d i o t d e s
8 2
I I I R E T P A H C
Y G O L O D O H T E M
y g o l o d o h t e m e h t s t n e s e r p r e t p a h c s i h
T donein t hi sthesis .Therearet hree
s tr a
p int hi schapte.rTheyare: objec toft hestudyi nwhicht hei nformaitonont he
y d u t s e h t f o h c a o r p p a ; d e t n e s e r p s i l e v o
n ,andmethodoft hestudywhicht ellst he
s i s e h t s i h t g n it ir w n i d e s u a t a d e h t g n i g n a r r a d n a g n ir e h t a g f o s e r u d e c o r
p .
.
A Objec toft heStudy
y d u t s e h t f o t c e j b o e h
T wa sa shor tstory ne itlted “My Son t heFanaitc”
a w h c i h
w sw irtten by B iritsh – Pakistani wrtie rHani fKureishi .The shor tstory
n i 4 9 9 1 n i d e h s il b u p t s ri f s a
w cludedi ncollecitonofs ho trs torybookenitltedLove
s e m i T e u l B n
i . Thi sshor tstoryconsisted o f11 page sand wa spubilshed i n 1997
s i h T . k r o Y w e N n i r e n b ir c S y
b shor tstory also had been made i nto a moviei n
1997 wtih the same itlte a sthe o irginal ,“My Son the Fanaitc” ,driected by
. d a s a r P n a y a d U
s i i h s i e r u K f i n a
H adiaspo ircwrtier (chlid o fmigrant )who ha sB iritsh –
i n a t s i k a
P den itites( Boehmer ,2005 :230) .Mos to fhi sworksr aised thei ssueabou t
l a n o it a
n identtiy o fcolonized people and also dislocaiton people (migrants) .He
d e t a l u m r o f y l p m i
s c s ase o fpostcoloniailsmi nsocietythati sagains tbycolonized
e l p o e
p and hyb irdpeoplei nEuropean society by simpledaliy caset ha tmigh tbe
. y t e i c o s n i t e m
s i h
T shor tstoryt ell saboutt hel fieo fPakistan imigrant famliywho ilved
n o d n o L n
r e h t a
f and A il i shi sson .Those two character sare the representaiton o ftwo
t n e r e f fi
d reaciton sgivenbyPakistan imigrants inLondon aboutt henew i denttiy .
t n a r g i m e h
T s may be hyb ird o r resistance to B iritsh custom and cutlure’ s
y n o m e g e
h .
e v il y e h
T d inLondonabou t20 year sanddu irngt heril fie itmei nLondon
e r e h
t w ereno unpleasan tcondiiton t hey got .Thei rcondiiton changed when Al i
d e n i o
j aB iritsh – Pakistanr eilgiou sgroup .Hi spersonaltiychangedi nto rejecitng
t s i s e r d n
a i ng thecustomswhich werepresented byB iritsh society .WhlieParvez
ll it
s stoodin‘ between ’B iritsh– Pakistan.
.
B Approacho ftheStudy
o s i s y l a n a p e e d e v a h o t r e d r o n
I n the shor tstory ,the wrtie rneeded a
. e r u t a r e ti l f o h c a o r p p a n i a tr e
c Theapproach of t he study which w asused by t he
r e ti r
w w as postcolonial study .Postcolonia lstudy wa sused because tha tstudy
p l e
h e dthewrtiertoanalyzeacetraincondiiton ont hehegemonyoft heColonize r
d e t c e f f a t a h t e z a
g the society .Fu trhermore ,tha tcase o fcolonizer’ shegemony
y ll a i c e p s
e occurred in migran tsocieite swho moved into colonizerl and and t hey
y e h T . y t e i c o s s ’ r e z i n o l o c e h t e c a f t s u
m wouldaccep torr esistt hats ociety.
t a h t s e t a t s n ir e u G d e r fl i
W Postcoloniailsm er fer sto a histo irca lphase
d ri h T y b e n o g r e d n
u Wo lrd count ire satfe rthe decilne o fcoloniailsm (Gueirn ,
5 0 0
2 :303) .Healsos tatest ha tpostcolonia lciritcss tudyt hediaspo irct ext soutside
, s e it i c i n h t e d e z il a n i g r a m y b d e c u d o r p e r u t a r e ti l e k il s e r n e g n r e t s e W e h t
. ) 5 0 3 : 5 0 0 2 , n ir r e u G ( s e e g u f e r d n a , s t n a r g i m m
i Gueirn’ s statemen t mean s
i m a x e y d u t s l a i n o l o c t s o
m s il a i n o l o c f o a r e e h
t and the dominaiton o fthe ideology and identtiy .Those
e c n a t p e c c a e h t e r a a n e m o n e h p n i a tr e
c a ndresistanceo fcolonia lgaze.
.
C Methodoft heStudy
f o c i p o t e h t e z y l a n a o t r e d r o n
I thi sundergraduatet hesi ,s t he wirte rused
s a h c r a e s e r y r a r b
il methodoft hestudy .Libraryr esearchusedandconsutledsome
k o o
b s in ilbraryt ogains omet heo ire sandi nformaitonabou tapproache ,st heo ires ,
d n
a studiesfromw irttens ourcebooks aboutt hetopicandt hes ho trs tory.
e z y l a n a o t d e s u s a w h c i h w a t a d y r a m ir p e h
T sw a theshor tstoryo fB iritsh
– Pakistan iwrtie rHani fKureishi’ senitlted“MySon t heFanaitc” .Thesecondary
a t a
d w erebook soft heo ire ,st hesi ,sj ournal ,andhisto ircalr eview .Someimpo tran t
h c i h w a t a
d w ereusedbyt hewrtiertoconductt hist hesisw ereBeginningTheory :
y r o e h T l a r u tl u C d n a y r a r e ti L o t n o it c u d o r t n I n
A by Pete rBarry, Colonia land
e r u t a r e ti L l a i n o l o c t s o
P 2nd Ediiton by Elleke Boehme,r Understanding Unseen :
n
A Introducitont oEnglsih Poetryandt heEngilshNovelf o rOverea sStudentsby
, y h p r u M . J
M “Tracing the Roo to fthe Clash between Islamic Tradiiton and
f i n a H n i s e u l a V n r e t s e
W Kureish ’i s“My Son the Fanaitc” by Tatang Iskarna ,
d e k n i
L Histories :Postcolonia lStudiesi nGlobailzedWorldbyPamelaMcCallum ,
t n a r g i m i n a t s i k a P f o w e i v e r l a c ir o t s i h d n
a Returnmigrantsi n Paki tsan by Ma tra
i n a n g o l o
B .
e r e h
T w eresome step sdone t o do t he analysis .Frist ,the wrtie rread the
. li a t e d n i ” c it a n a F e h t n o S y M “ y r o t s t r o h
s Then,t hewrtie rchoset het opicoft he
l a i n o l o c t s o p e r e w y e h t , y t e i c o s w e n e h t o t t n a r g i m f o n o it c a e r e h t t u o b a s i s y l a n a
h t d e z y l a n a s i s e h t s i h t e c n i
S e postcoloniailsmo fPakistan migran tsociety
n o d n o L n
i ,the wrtie rargued tha ti twa snecessary to give explanaiton o fthe
T f o y r o e h
t hridWo lrdmigraitont oEngland ,andt hehisto ircalr eviewo fPakistan i
n o d n o L o t n i n o it a r g i
m to identfiy the rea lphenome a n tha toccurred in Pakistan
y t e i c o s t n a r g i
m .
, m s il a i n o l o c t s o p t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u e t e l p m o c d a h r e ti r w e h t , p e t s d n o c e S
e n il n o d n a s k o o b n e tt ir w e m o s d e tl u s n o c r e ti r w e h T . e c n a t s i s e r d n a , y ti d ir b i h
n o it p ir c s e d e v a g d n a m e h t t u o b a s e c r u o
s .Thewrtie ralso searched some studie s
r e h c r a e s e r s u o i v e r p e h t y b e n o
d s aboutt heshor tstory“MySont heFanaitc”,t hen
. s e i d u t s s u o i v e r p r e h t o e h t h ti w e c n e r e f fi d e h t d e t a t s
p e t s d ri h t e h
T w asansweredt hef ris tproblemf ormulaiton byanalyzedt he
n o d e s a b i l A d n a z e v r a P s r e t c a r a h c f o n o it p ir c s e
d the theory o fcharacte rand
. n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c Fu trhermore , in orde r to answered the second problem
n o it a l u m r o
f ,thewrtieri den itifed ther eacitons o fParvezandAl ia samigran tand
d e z i n o l o
c peoplet owardt heB iritsh society i n London .Thewrtie rusedt heoryo f
d n a r e t c a r a h
c characteirzaiton and also postcoloniailsm theory o f identtiy
y ll a c i g o l o e d i d n a y ll a t n e m n i n o it a n i m o
d .Based on t hat i den itifcaiton o fParvez
n o it c a e r s ’i l A d n
a s toward London’ ssociety ,the wrtie ranswered the thrid
t a l u m r o f m e l b o r
p i on by catego irzed the hib irdtiy and resistance o fnew identtiy
r u c c o t a h
t r ed to those two character sin tha tshor tstory through thei rreaciton s
y t e i c o s h s it ir B d r a w o
t . Thewrtie rusedt heoryo fhib irdtiyand r esistanceand also
n o it a r g i m d lr o w d ri h
y ll a n i
F ,a tfe ranswered the quesiton ,s the wrtie rdrawn conclusion about
t n e r e f fi
d reacitons fo Pakistan imigrants which occurred in London ,and also t he
l li t s t a h t t c e f f e m s il a i n o l o c t s o
3 3
V I R E T P A H C
S I S Y L A N A
r e ti r w e h t ,r e t p a h c s i h t n
I i s rtying t o answer t he quesitons which hav e .
n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t n i d e n o it n e m n e e
b The arrangemen to fthe analysi s o
t s m i a h c i h
w identfiy t he acceptance(hib irdtiy )and resistance o fnew naitona l i n a t s i k a P o w t n i d e t c e lf e r s i h c i h w n o d n o L n i s t n a r g i m s a i n a t s i k a P f o y ti t n e d i
s r e t c a r a h
c i s divided into three pa tr ,s namely : ifnding ou tthe characteirs fitc o o
it c a e r e h t , il A d n a z e v r a
P ns o fthose two character stoward B iritsh society in n
o d n o
L ,andt hecatego irzaitono fhib irdtiyandr esistancei nt hoset wocharacter .s
.
A TheCharacteris itcs o fParvezandAil
.
1 Characterisitcs o fParvez
z e v r a
P i soneoft he majo rcharactersi n t heshor tstory .He i saPakistan i o
h w t n a r g i
m ha sbeen in England f or 20 years .In London ,he work sa sa tax i .
r e v ir
d Iti st oldinhi schlidhood ,hei sforcedt o studyQuranbyhist eacher ,even y
b , y p e e l s s i e h n e h
w attachingast irngt o t heceiilng and ited tit o Parvez’ shai.r e
k a m n o i s l u p m o c f o d n i k t a h
T sParvez think tha tindividua lfreedom mus tbe .
d e c r o f e b o t t o n , d e t a i c e r p p a
e
H si also descirbedast hecharacte rwho wantsf reedomand comfo trable s
i h n i s g n i h
t lfie .Hi sdream t o make hi sfamliy hav e comfo trable and i deal l fie .
e fi l h s it ir B o t n i y li m a f s i h t if o t s e ir t d n a d r a h k r o w o t m i h s e ri p s n
i Below i st he
z e v r a P f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t f o s i s y l a n a e t e l p m o
