6
ABSTRAK
Desain sekolah harus memberikan pengalaman positif dan memperkaya pengetahuan anak melalui ruang-ruang belajar; di mana anak-anak bisa bebas bergerak, mengeksplorasi, dan melakukan eksperimen sendiri. Kualitas penggunaan ruang di sekolah, baik di dalam maupun di luar ruangan, harus dievaluasi; untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel arsitektur dan perilaku belajar/bermain anak-anak yang dipengaruhi sistem pendidikan sekolah. Salah satu bentuk sistem pendidikan yang mulai berkembang di Indonesia adalah pendidikan sekolah alam, seperti sekolah alam Star International Medan. Sistem pendidikan sekolah ini berbeda dari sekolah formal/konvensional umumnya, dengan rasio kegiatan lebih banyak dilakukan di luar ruangan (70%). Namun setelah sekolah beroperasi selama lebih dari 3 (tiga) tahun, muncul ketidakpuasan dari pengguna sekolah terkait kegiatan belajar dan bermain anak yang tidak dapat diakomodasi secara maksimal; dengan kata lain, kondisi kinerja sekolah rendah. Lebih dari 90% masalah terjadi pada bangunan atau pada ruang dalam di sekolah. Selain itu berdasarkan literatur yang ada, sangat sedikit penelitian tentang peran ruang dalam (indoor) pada kegiatan anak di sekolah alam (yang hanya sekitar 30%). Oleh sebab itu, fokus penelitian adalah evaluasi kinerja pada bangunan sekolah alam Star International Medan.
Evaluasi kinerja bangunan (BPE) yang akan dilakukan, merupakan proses perbandingan secara menyeluruh antar berbagai variabel yakni: ekspektasi/harapan pengguna sekolah, yang diperoleh melalui hasil kuisioner; dan pengamatan evaluator yang diperoleh melalui hasil behavior mapping. Kedua variabel BPE (hasil survey kepuasan pengguna) akan dibandingkan dengan variabel standar desain sekolah alam yang merupakan indikator penilaian. Standar desain sekolah alam diperoleh melalui perbandingan antara karakteristik sekolah alam, sekolah konvensional, dan hasil penelitian terkait. Hasil perbandingan secara menyeluruh ini, akan menghasilkan solusi desain yang akan memecahkan permasalahan penyebab penurunan kepuasan pengguna/penurunan kinerja bangunan (sesuai dengan tujuan evaluasi), dan tentunya sesuai dengan karakteristik sistem pendidikan berbasis alam.
Setelah melakukan evaluasi BPE maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa solusi desain yang dihasilkan hanyalah berupa rumusan kriteria desain tentang bagaimana desain ruang belajar yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan anak dalam belajar dan bermain dengan cara apapun sesuai keinginan anak. Dengan kata lain, hasil evaluasi BPE bukanlah menghasilkan desain standar untuk sebuah ruang belajar bermain indoor pada sebuah sekolah alam. Hal ini dikarenakan aspek-aspek desain yang mempengaruhi kinerja bangunan sekolah alam tidak dapat dirumuskan/distandarisasi karena konektivitas ruang terhadap alam yang selalu dinamis/berubah.
7
ABSTRACT
School design should provide positive experience and enrich students’
knowledge in the form of classrooms where they can freely move, express, and conduct their own experiment. The quality of using classrooms in a school, either indoor or outdoor, should be evaluated in order to find out the correlation between
the variable of architecture and students’ learning/playing behavior which is
influenced the educational system of the school. One of the educational systems which is developing in Indonesia is natural school education such as Star International Natural School, Medan. The educational system of this school is different from the other formal/conventional schools. Here, more activities are done outdoors (70%). However, after the school had operated more than three years, there
was the school users’ dissatisfaction with the students’ learning/playing activities
which could not be accommodated optimally; in other words, the school performance was bad. More than 90% of the problems were about the condition of the school building and classrooms. It was also found that there were few researches on indoor activities for the students at this natural school (only about 30%). Therefore, the research was focused on the evaluation of the school building performance of Star International natural School, Medan.
Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) which would be conducted was the process of comparison as a whole among various variables: expectation of the users
of the school through questionnaires and the evaluator’s observation through the
result of Behavioral Mapping. The variable of BPE (the result of the survey about the
users’ satisfaction) would be compared with the variable of the natural school design
standard which was the assessment indicator. The natural school design standard was obtained through the comparison between the characteristics of the natural school and conventional schools as well as the result of the related research. This complete result of the comparison would expectedly yield the solution of the design which would cope with the problems of what factors which caused the decrease in the
users’ satisfaction/the decrease in the building performance (according to the
objective of the evaluation and to the characteristics of nature based educational system).
After evaluating BPE it could be concluded that the design solution produced only in the form of the formulation of design criteria on how the design of learning spaces that can meet the needs of children in learning and playing with the children in any way as desired. In other words, the results of the evaluation BPE not produce standard design for an indoor play space study at a school of nature. This is because the design aspects that affect the performance of school buildings nature can not be defined/standardized due to the nature of space connectivity is always dynamic.
Keywords: Natural School, Building Performance Evaluation, Users’ Satisfaction,
