ATI - Overview
Outline General Overview
• IT Architecture
• Physical architecture
• Internet & Web architecture
• Business Process and IT in enterprise
• Business Process and IT in enterprise
• Web 2.0 and Mobile Computing architecture
IT Architecture
• The roadmap or blueprint that guides the build out (kebijakan) of IT capabilities,
acquisition of networks, cloud services,
Information System, software & hardware Information System, software & hardware
• The IT architecture defines the vision, standards, and roadmap that guide the
priorities, operations, and management of the ITs supporting the business
Physical (HW & Server)
Architecture
Client/Server
• In general, any application where multiple clients connect to a single server.
client1 client2 client3
server
• one client program (most typical) or
Peer-to-Peer Computing
• Another model of distributed system
• P2P does not distinguish clients and servers
– Instead all nodes are considered peers
– May each act as client, server or both
– May each act as client, server or both
– Node must join P2P network
• Registers its service with central lookup service on network, or
• Broadcast request for service and respond to requests for service via discovery protocol
Cluster Network
• A cluster is a type of parallel and distributed processing system, which consists of a collection of interconnected stand-alone
computers cooperatively working together as a single,
integrated computing resource.
• A node
– a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities,
– a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities, & OS
• A cluster
– generally 2 or more computers (nodes) connected together
– in a single cabinet, or physically separated & connected via a LAN
Cluster Architecture
Sequential Applications
Parallel Applications
Parallel Programming Environment
Cluster Layer
(Single System Image and Availability Infrastructure)
Sequential Applications
Sequential Applications
Parallel Applications
Parallel Applications
(Single System Image and Availability Infrastructure)
Cluster Interconnection Network
PC/Workstation
Network Interface Hardware
Communications Software
PC/Workstation
Network Interface Hardware
Communications Software
PC/Workstation
Network Interface Hardware
Communications Software
PC/Workstation
Network Interface Hardware
Communications Software
Cloud Computing is…
… virtualized compute power and storage delivered via platform-agnostic
infrastructures of abstracted hardware and software accessed over the Internet.
software accessed over the Internet.
These shared, on-demand IT resources, are created and disposed of efficiently, are
dynamically scalable through a variety of
programmatic interfaces and are billed
Cloud – Virtualization (leads to
Green Computing)
Internet & Web Architecture
Internet & Web Architecture
Protokol Web: HTTP
• Hypertext Transport Protocol (RFC 1945)
– Oleh Tim Berners-Lee, 1990
• Protocol that used to communicate between web browsers and web servers
• Using TCP port 80 (default)
• Using TCP port 80 (default)
• This protocol supports hypermedia files
Web tier architecture
Client Presentation HTML rendering Templates, HTML generation scripts, XML and XSLT Application-specific components Business Logic Data Access Data Application-specific components and application logicDomain-specific and
database-independent layer, typically object-oriented
Data storage, typically an (SQL) RDBMS
Service Oriented Architecture
• SOA adalah sebuah konsep architecture yang mendefinisikan penggunaan layanan untuk mendukung kebutuhan pengguna software.
• A service-oriented architecture is a framework for integrating business processes and
for integrating business processes and supporting IT infrastructure as secure,
standardized components—services—that can be reused and combined to address changing business priorities
Characteristics of SOA
• Services have platform
independent, self describing
interfaces (XML)
• Messages are formally defined • Services can be discovered
SOA SOA SOA SOA Composable Composable
• Services can be discovered • Services have quality of
service characteristics defined in
policies
• Services can be provided on any
platform SOA SOA SOA SOA Interoperable Interoperable Loosely Loosely Coupled Coupled Re Re--UsableUsable
SOA implementation : Web Service
• Mempertukarkan data dalam format XML.
• Tersedia dan dikomunikasikan melalui Internet atau intranet.
• Bersifat operating system/programming language
independent.
• Web service mempertukarkan data antara service requestor (aplikasi yang menggunakan data/service) dan service
(aplikasi yang menggunakan data/service) dan service
provider (server penyedia data/service) menggunakan service registry (yang berisi kumpulan service-service), dengan salah
satu teknologi:
– XML-RPC
– SOAP
Web Service Layer
• Service transport
• XML messaging dan encoding/decoding
• Service description
• Service discovery
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• SOAP merupakan protokol komunikasi
berbasis XML yang memperbolehkan aplikasi saling bertukar informasi melalui HTTP
• SOAP merupakan format untuk mengirimkan
• SOAP merupakan format untuk mengirimkan message melalui Internet, bersifat platform independent, language independent, dan merupakan standar W3C
• SOAP membungkus request & response dalam XML
Elemen SOAP
• Elemen Envelope yang mengidentifikasi XML dokumen sebagai SOAP message (wajib)
• Elemen Header yang berisi informasi header (opsional) informasi header (opsional)
• Elemen Body yang berisi informasi call dan response (wajib)
• Elemen Fault yang berisi informasi error yang terjadi (opsional)
REST
• REST stands for Representation State Transfer
• REST is about accessing resources through a
universal interface (HTTP murni)
• Conceived in 2000 as a doctoral dissertation by Roy
• Conceived in 2000 as a doctoral dissertation by Roy
Fielding (a principal author of HTTP 1.0 dan 1.1
protocol)
• RESTful URLs are addressable
– Sample: http://www.mysite.com/Products/Trek8300
RESTful Web Services Resources Res 1 Res 2 HTTP Request URL GET Res 2 Res 3 Res 4 HTTP Response Status GET POST PUT DELETE XML JSON Payload XML JSON
Business Process and IT in
Business Process and IT in
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Human Reso Operatio
Sales & Mar
Information Tec Research & Dev
E-Commerce
• Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan perniagaan / perdagangan
– Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS
– Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking
• Secara khusus
• Secara khusus
– Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan
– Ada transaksi
• E-Commerce dimulai sejak 1970-an
The Structure of E-Commerce in
Enterprise
Web 2.0 and Mobile Computing
architecture
Web 2.0 and Mobile Computing
architecture
The Seven Key Principles
Data Architecture
Data Architecture
Data Warehouse vs Data Mart
• DW: A generic term for a system of storing,
retrieving and managing large amounts of data
– Software often includes sophisticated compression
and hashing techniques for fast searching and filtering
• DM: type of data warehouse designed mainly to
• DM: type of data warehouse designed mainly to
address a specific function or department’s needs
– Often uses aggregation or summarization of the data to enhance query performance
– Important, however, to maintain the ability to access the underlying base data to enable drilldown analysis
Data Mining
• Exploration & analysis, by automatic or semi-automatic means, of
large quantities of data in order to discover
