Synthesis of Polyvinyl Pirrolidone (PVC) /Κ-Carrageenan Hydrogel Prepared by Gamma Radiation Processing As a Function of Dose and PVP Concentration | Erizal | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 21324 40410 1 PB

魤ꮠ산릤산

 

ഐ鯈

n

릤䬬ꮠ갬산䨸 릤산 鮼ઈퟰઈὨ牐Ὠ牐 魤牨산ꮠ산릤䬬䬬ꮠ산왌뀨왌䀸산 牨

SYNTHESIS OF POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE (PVP)/

κ

ઈ

CARRAGEENAN HYDROGEL

PREPARED BY GAMMA RADIATION PROCESSING AS A FUNCTION OF DOSE AND PVP

CONCENTRATION

Erizal*, Tjahyono, Dian PP, and Darmawan

릤릤  릤苨ꮠ산ꮠ䬬䬬릤䬬산산ꮠ산ꮠ릤 갬䀸苨苨릤산䨸䨸䬬산䀸산牐산산산ퟰὨ

릤릤ꮠ릤릤릤牨릤ퟰퟰ晸苨릤릤산䨸산䀸ퟰ왌

ABSTRACT

릤산ꮠ牨 ꮠ䬬릤䬬릤산 ꮠ䬬릤산릤산ꮠ牨산릤ꮠ산릤䨸䬬릤ꮠ 릤산 산릤苨䬬릤ꮠ릤䬬 䀸갬릤䬬산䬬릤

䀸ꮠ䀸䀸ꮠ릤௘κઈ산산갬릤릤산﵌௘ 산䬬릤릤릤산릤䀸산ꮠ산ꮠ릤 ꮠɬ䨸릤뀨ퟰ뀨Ⳉ௘䘐릤릤

牨ꮠ 릤䘐ꮠ ΚⳈ௘산ꮠ산ꮠ산릤䀸갬산牨牨산산䀸䬬산 릤䬬릤䬬 牨뀨䀸왌뀨䀸䬬릤산릤Ὠ䀸 ௘산牨

릤牨릤산䨸릤 릤 릤牨ꮠ산 산갬릤 䀸갬릤䬬䘐산䬬 산산릤ꮠ릤䨸䬬ꮠ갬䨸ꮠ릤산䬬 牨ꮠ 산릤௘릤 산ꮠ䘐산릤산䬬ꮠ산䘐산릤릤산산ꮠ䘐릤릤릤릤牨ꮠ릤갬산ꮠ牨릤ꮠ산䀸릤䬬ꮠ릤䬬릤갬 산릤갬산ꮠ산 릤산䘐산䬬牨릤산䬬䨸릤䨸䬬ꮠ갬䬬牨릤릤䘐산䬬 䨸 산䘐ꮠ 릤ꮠ릤산䬬릤ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤산 릤산ꮠ 릤갬릤 산ꮠ산릤䬬ꮠ릤䬬릤갬  䀸갬릤䬬ꮠ릤산䬬릤산䬬 릤릤갬산ꮠ산릤산산 䘐산릤산䬬ꮠ 䀸갬릤䬬릤릤산䬬릤 릤 䀸갬릤 ﵌ 䀸갬릤䨸릤䀸갬산牨牨산산ꮠ산ꮠ산릤 䬬ꮠ릤릤 䘐䨸릤䬬䬬ꮠ갬䬬

﵌릤䀸䘐䬬 䀸갬릤晸䀸ꮠ䀸䀸ꮠ릤晸κઈ산산갬릤릤산晸갬산牨牨산산ꮠ산ꮠ

ABSTRAK

릤릤ꮠꮠ산ꮠꮠ릤䨸䨸산牨릤牨䨸산ꮠ牨산릤ꮠ산䨸䨸산산ꮠ갬䨸산산ꮠꮠ산갬릤䬬릤 산산⟴산䨸䬬릤ꮠ ꮠ갬릤

릤산䬬ꮠ䬬䀸ꮠ䀸ꮠꮠ௘κઈ산산갬ꮠ산﵌௘ꮠ릤산산䬬ꮠ牨릤갬갬䨸산산릤ꮠꮠ산ꮠ산䬬ꮠ牨산䬬ꮠ갬ઈ牨산䬬ꮠ갬

릤갬산䬬릤산䬬ꮠ뀨ퟰ뀨Ⳉꮠ산牨䨸산릤갬산산䨸산﵌산산䬬릤산䬬ꮠⳈ산산牨䨸산ꮠꮠ산ꮠ산䬬ꮠ릤갬산 䬬ꮠ산갬산牨牨산산산䬬ꮠ䬬뀨䀸 ꮠ갬갬산왌뀨䀸산䨸䬬ꮠ䬬Ὠ䀸௘산산䬬䨸 䨸산牨산릤䨸산 산ꮠ牨ꮠ산 ꮠ갬릤 ꮠ䨸䨸牨릤갬갬䨸산산䨸ꮠ릤산䬬 牨 산릤௘산䬬ꮠ갬릤산ꮠ릤䬬릤산산산ꮠ牨릤갬䨸산ꮠ릤䨸산 䬬릤산산갬산ꮠ牨릤ꮠ릤산산갬산䨸䨸䬬산릤䨸산산산ꮠꮠ䨸䨸牨릤갬갬䨸산산䬬牨릤릤산䬬ꮠ릤릤ꮠꮠ산 牨릤䨸䨸산릤갬산牨릤ꮠ갬산䀸산䬬ꮠ䬬산ꮠ산䬬ꮠ산䬬릤산䬬ꮠ 산䬬ꮠ갬릤산릤䨸산산산ꮠ ꮠ갬릤 牨릤ꮠ갬산⟴릤산ꮠ䀸산릤산산갬산䨸䨸䬬산산ꮠ릤䬬릤산牨릤䨸䨸ꮠ䬬ꮠ牨䨸산산 䘐산 ꮠ갬릤﵌ 산䬬ꮠ ꮠ산ꮠ산䬬ꮠ갬산牨牨산산산ꮠ릤ꮠ牨산갬산䬬릤산갬산ꮠ릤牨산䨸䨸산

﵌산산﵌䨸ꮠ ꮠ갬릤晸䀸ꮠ䀸ꮠꮠ晸κઈ﵌산산갬ꮠ산晸ꮠ산ꮠ산䬬ꮠ갬산牨牨산

INTRODUCTION

䀸갬릤䬬산릤 䬬䬬ઈꮠ릤 䀸 ꮠꮠ 䀸牨릤 릤䘐䬬䘐 ꮠ 산산䬬산갬릤산牨䨸䬬 䘐산릤 䘐ꮠ 䨸ꮠ䬬䬬䨸ꮠ산䬬릤 릤ꮠ 䀸䬬ꮠ산릤ꮠ릤䬬 산 䬬ꮠ牨ꮠ산 산牨산ꮠ릤䘐ꮠ 䨸牨산ꮠ䬬䬬䨸릤䬬 䀸갬릤䬬 산릤릤릤䬬䨸ꮠ릤릤 릤䬬ꮠ릤䀸 ꮠ牨릤ꮠ산 산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬산ꮠ䨸산䀸 릤䀸산릤䨸䬬릤산䬬䬬 산릤䬬릤䬬ퟰઈ왌㮴ꮠ䬬䬬䨸릤릤갬ꮠ릤릤ꮠ갬䬬산 䬬ઈὨ㮴 릤䨸갬ઈ릤릤산䬬릤릤 ꮠ릤䬬ઈퟰퟰ㮴 산 䘐䨸 릤䬬䬬ꮠ갬䬬ퟰઈퟰ뀨㮴苨䬬䘐䨸릤䬬䬬ꮠ갬 䀸갬릤䬬 산릤 牨산䀸산산산갬릤䬬ꮠ䬬산릤 릤䀸산산䬬릤 릤䬬䬬  䘐䨸릤 䨸산릤䬬릤 릤䘐䨸 牨䬬릤산䀸 ꮠ 릤ꮠ산릤 릤ꮠ릤䀸牨릤 릤 릤산ꮠ갬릤䬬䬬䀸 ꮠꮠ갬산牨ꮠ䬬䨸ꮠ릤䘐䨸 릤산ꮠ갬릤ꮠ牨릤ퟰ㮴 릤䀸산산䬬릤릤牨릤䘐ꮠ 䨸산䨸䬬ꮠ갬산䨸牨산 릤 䘐䨸

䀸ઈꮠ䀸䀸ꮠ릤௘ ௘ 릤갬䬬 릤 산䬬䬬 䘐산릤ઈ䬬䨸릤䀸牨릤䬬牨산 릤牨ꮠ산ꮠ  ꮠ릤䘐ꮠ䬬산䀸牨릤ꮠ산산牨䘐ꮠ 산ꮠ릤산 산牨ꮠ릤

䬬ꮠ릤ꮠ갬 릤䬬䨸䨸릤 릤牨牨릤䨸ꮠ 산䬬산牨 ꮠ ꮠꮠ 산산릤䬬ꮠ릤ꮠ산ꮠ䬬산 ꮠ갬 䀸산산牨ꮠ릤갬䨸 산 릤䬬 䀸 ꮠꮠ산 산ઈ산산ꮠ갬 릤ꮠ릤䬬 산 산䬬 ઈ산 牨릤 䀸릤릤갬䨸䬬ꮠ 릤산릤산ꮠ 릤ꮠ갬 산

魤ꮠ산릤산

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

Materials

Instrumentation

Procedure

魤ꮠ산릤산

Fig 2.䬬릤산 ﵌산﵌ 䀸갬릤

릤䘐산릤䬬䬬릤릤산갬릤䘐산䬬산䨸산릤䀸 릤 䘐ꮠ갬릤ɬ䨸산ꮠ

산릤䬬ഐ䬬ઈ௘䬬ઈ௘ ퟰⳈ ௘ 䘐 릤릤ꮠ䬬 릤䘐릤ꮠ갬  ꮠ릤 䀸갬릤䬬䬬ꮠ䬬 릤 ꮠꮠꮠ산䘐릤ꮠ갬  䀸갬릤䬬산ꮠ䬬 릤䘐릤ꮠ갬  䀸갬릤䬬산 릤릤 䬬릤ꮠ산ꮠ산 牨릤牨릤산䨸릤 왌왌 ௘산ꮠ牨릤

릤 산ꮠ

릤 䀸갬릤䬬산牨릤䬬ꮠꮠ䬬ꮠ릤䘐산릤䘐릤릤산릤 ꮠ䬬 산릤ꮠ䨸산산牨릤牨릤산䨸릤릤牨릤 䬬䨸릤 산ꮠ  릤갬릤䬬䘐릤릤ꮠ릤䬬산 䘐릤ꮠ갬 䨸릤산䨸䨸牨릤릤牨ꮠ릤 릤ꮠ䬬䨸릤 산ꮠ ꮠ 릤䬬산牨릤䬬갬산ꮠ牨릤ꮠ산䀸산䘐릤릤산䨸산릤산䬬

릤산ꮠഐ갬 ퟰⳈ 왌௘

䘐 릤릤갬ꮠ䬬 릤䘐릤ꮠ갬  䀸갬릤산 릤릤 산ꮠ산 ꮠ䬬 릤ꮠꮠꮠ산䘐릤ꮠ갬  릤갬릤

魤갬산ꮠ산릤산산릤䬬ꮠ릤䬬릤갬

魤갬산ꮠ산릤산ꮠ䬬산ꮠ牨산 䀸䬬ꮠ산 산산牨릤릤 䀸갬릤릤릤䬬릤ꮠ갬ꮠ䬬릤산䬬ꮠꮠ䀸산 牨릤산䬬䨸릤산䬬릤苨⟴સ䬬산산牨릤 䀸䨸䬬ꮠ갬 䬬릤䬬릤ꮠ䬬䨸牨릤 릤 䀸갬릤䬬䘐릤릤牨䨸릤

䘐ꮠ 䨸牨릤  릤릤산산ꮠ 릤䬬산산䬬ꮠ릤䬬

牨릤산䬬䨸릤牨릤 릤䬬 릤ꮠ릤릤䬬䘐릤릤 ꮠ牨䀸 산牨릤ꮠ 릤산䘐䬬 산릤䬬ꮠ갬牨산 ꮠ릤鯈릤산䘐䘐산䬬

ꮠ 릤산 릤 릤䘐산䬬牨산릤 릤牨산릤산䘐 牨릤산 릤산릤 왌牨牨牨ꮠ산牨릤牨릤산䨸릤 릤릤䬬䨸산산산䘐산䬬䬬 䘐릤산 릤릤릤 ꮠ䬬 릤䨸릤䘐산䬬릤릤산릤  릤릤ꮠ牨릤䬬 릤산 릤䬬䨸 릤릤갬산ꮠ산릤산䘐산䬬산䨸산릤 牨 릤 䘐ꮠ갬릤ɬ䨸산ꮠ

魤갬산ꮠ산릤산ഐퟰ ퟰⳈ ௘

䘐 릤릤ꮠ䬬 릤ꮠ갬ꮠ산릤갬 산ퟰꮠ䬬 릤 ꮠ산릤갬 苨 릤ꮠ릤䬬ꮠ릤䬬릤갬 䘐산䬬산䨸산릤 牨 릤 䘐ꮠ갬릤ɬ䨸산ꮠ

릤䬬ꮠ릤䬬릤갬 ഐ苨 뀨௘

䘐 릤릤ꮠ䬬 릤산牨䨸 릤 릤 릤릤䘐 ꮠ릤䬬릤 ꮠ갬 산䬬산牨릤䨸ꮠ 릤䬬산牨릤䬬 산ꮠ䬬갬௘산苨ꮠ䬬 릤산릤산  릤䬬산牨릤䬬牨ઈ௘

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

FTIR of Hydrogels

䬬릤산 䨸릤䨸릤﵌산﵌ 릤산릤䬬 䘐ꮠꮠ갬산䬬릤산산릤갬ꮠ릤ꮠ 릤

산갬릤牨ઈퟰ 릤䬬릤산 릤릤산䬬

䬬릤릤䘐릤릤산왌牨ઈퟰ  릤鯈䬬릤 ꮠ갬 릤

릤산䬬산牐Ὠ牨ઈퟰ산릤䬬ꮠ갬 릤

魤ꮠ산릤산

ഐ鯈䬬릤 ꮠ갬릤ꮠ갬산릤ꮠ갬 ꮠα

䬬ꮠꮠ ഐ鯈릤䬬릤ꮠ릤䀸 릤릤산䬬산ퟰ왌Ὠퟰ牨ઈퟰ ퟰ牨ઈퟰퟰퟰὨ牨ઈퟰퟰ뀨牨ઈퟰ산뀨牨ઈퟰ 릤䬬䬬 릤릤ꮠ갬ઈ䬬릤 ꮠ갬ઈ 䬬릤 ꮠ갬 릤ꮠ갬산ꮠ갬 䀸ꮠ릤 䬬릤산 ﵌ꮠ䬬䬬 䘐ꮠꮠ갬䘐ꮠ 릤릤산䬬䬬릤릤

䘐릤릤산ퟰퟰ뀨牨ઈퟰퟰ왌Ὠퟰ왌Ὠ뀨牨ઈퟰ

ퟰퟰퟰ牨ઈퟰퟰퟰퟰ牨ઈퟰ牐牐왌왌牨ઈퟰ 산

뀨牨ઈퟰ산릤䀸牨릤䨸䘐산릤牨릤 䀸릤릤

갬䨸산릤䬬䨸 산릤갬䀸䬬ꮠꮠꮠ산갬릤왌ઈ산 䀸ઈ ઈ갬산산䬬릤산ઈ갬산산䬬릤ઈઈ䬬䨸 산릤릤䬬릤ꮠ릤䀸㮴  릤 ﵌ 䀸갬릤 릤산䬬 산릤갬  牨릤䬬산릤䬬릤릤 릤䬬릤릤䬬䨸䬬ꮠꮠ산릤 산ꮠ䬬牨ꮠ䬬ꮠ릤䘐ꮠ ﵌ 산䬬릤릤䬬 䘐 산 릤 릤ɬ䨸릤䀸 릤산䀸䬬릤 ꮠ䬬릤䀸䬬릤䬬ꮠꮠ릤 䀸갬릤 牨산ꮠ䘐ꮠ 䘐산릤牨릤䨸릤䬬 릤 䀸ꮠ릤ꮠ갬䬬ꮠ산ꮠ산산릤ꮠ갬 산䀸牨ꮠ릤䀸䘐 릤릤산䬬﵌릤䬬릤䬬 䀸 䀸산䬬산 䀸갬릤  릤릤 릤 䀸갬릤 ꮠ갬 ꮠ릤산ꮠ䬬牨산䀸 산릤 산릤 릤䘐릤릤 릤䬬릤 䘐  릤牨ꮠ산䬬牨ꮠ릤ꮠ릤䬬ꮠ릤䬬 ﵌산㮴苨산 릤산㮴䬬릤 산ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ ﵌䘐ꮠ γઈ산䀸䬬 릤䬬䨸䬬ꮠ 산ꮠ산 牨산ꮠ  릤 산산갬릤릤산 牨산牨릤䨸릤 산ꮠ䬬산 릤䬬릤䬬ꮠ릤䬬 산ꮠ산 牨산ꮠ릤牨릤 릤ꮠ䬬 ꮠꮠꮠ산ꮠ 䬬ꮠ릤 산ꮠ䬬 䘐ꮠ

Gel Fraction

릤릤 릤ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤 䘐ꮠ 산䀸ꮠ갬 릤산ꮠ산 ꮠ 릤﵌릤산ꮠⳈ௘ 릤갬릤 산ꮠ ﵌ 䀸갬릤䬬산릤䬬 䘐ꮠꮠ갬왌산 릤䬬릤릤䘐ꮠ 릤ꮠ릤산䬬릤ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤 牨ퟰ뀨왌뀨 䀸䘐ꮠ 뀨Ⳉ 릤갬릤 산ꮠ 䀸갬릤䬬ꮠ릤산䬬릤 牨뀨Ⳉ ꮠ릤 ퟰⳈ 릤갬릤 산ꮠ ꮠ릤산䬬릤 牨ὨⳈ산 ퟰ뀨Ⳉ 릤 䀸갬릤 산릤산 갬릤 산ꮠ䨸牐Ⳉ苨산릤산㮴 䨸릤산䬬ꮠ牨ꮠ산䬬䨸䀸 ﵌ 䀸갬릤䘐ꮠ 산䀸ꮠ갬릤산ꮠퟰ뀨Ⳉ௘산䬬산 䨸ꮠ 산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤뀨뀨䀸௘산 ꮠ 릤﵌릤산ꮠ

Ⳉ௘ 릤䀸릤릤 산갬릤 산ꮠꮠ䬬릤䨸릤䀸 릤 산갬릤뀨䀸 ὨⳈ산갬릤 산ꮠꮠ릤산䬬릤 䘐ꮠ ꮠ릤산䬬ꮠ갬 릤산ꮠ 鯈ꮠ牨䨸牨 갬릤 산ꮠ Ⳉ௘ 䀸갬릤산릤릤산 릤산산䘐﵌ 릤산ꮠ왌Ⳉ௘산산ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤뀨䀸 ꮠ䬬ꮠ䬬 ꮠꮠ산릤 산牨릤릤산ꮠ릤䬬䬬ꮠꮠ갬䘐 ꮠ릤 ﵌ꮠ䬬산䬬䬬ꮠꮠ갬ꮠ ꮠꮠ䀸산牨牨산ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ ﵌릤䬬䘐䨸릤䬬䨸ꮠ 릤䬬ꮠ牨䨸산릤䨸䬬 䬬䬬ꮠꮠ갬 릤갬산산ꮠ ﵌산갬산 ꮠ갬 ﵌苨牨ꮠ산ꮠ 릤䬬릤릤䬬䬬릤䬬牨산䀸 牨산﵌ 䀸갬릤䘐ꮠ 산릤䘐䬬䨸䨸릤 산௘산䬬릤牨ꮠઈꮠ릤릤릤산ꮠ갬䀸牨릤릤䘐⟴௘ 䘐 릤릤䀸 ﵌ ꮠ䬬 䀸䬬ꮠ산䀸 릤산갬릤 䘐ꮠ ꮠ 릤 䬬䬬ꮠ릤산௘산갬산 릤릤䘐䘐 릤릤䀸﵌ ꮠ䬬갬산 릤ꮠ 릤산릤 릤릤산릤 릤 ꮠ䬬릤䘐䨸ꮠ 䨸릤릤 릤갬릤 산ꮠ

Water Absorption

ꮠ갬䬬 䘐䬬 릤䘐산릤산䬬ꮠ ꮠ 릤릤 ﵌ 䀸갬릤䬬산䬬산 䨸ꮠ ꮠ牨릤산산䀸ꮠ갬 ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤 릤䘐산릤산䬬ꮠ산ꮠꮠꮠ산䬬산갬릤 ퟰ ௘ꮠ릤산䬬릤산ꮠ䀸䘐ꮠ ꮠ牨릤산산 릤䬬牨릤ꮠ牨릤 릤산 릤䬬산ꮠ牨ꮠꮠ갬산䨸릤䘐 ꮠ ꮠ䬬 릤릤ɬ䨸ꮠꮠꮠ䨸牨산䨸릤

Fig 3. 魤 릤 ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤갬릤 산ꮠ ﵌ 䀸갬릤䘐ꮠ 산䀸ꮠ갬릤산ꮠ

魤ꮠ산릤산

Fig 5. 산릤릤산산ꮠ ﵌ 䀸갬릤䬬䘐ꮠ 산䀸ꮠ갬릤산ꮠ릤산릤䘐ꮠ ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤䬬晸 苨௘ퟰ뀨䀸௘뀨䀸산௘왌뀨䀸

Fig 6. 魤 릤ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤 릤릤갬산ꮠ산릤산  ﵌ 䀸갬릤䘐ꮠ 산䀸ꮠ갬릤산ꮠ

Fig 7. 魤 릤ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤릤䬬ꮠ릤䬬릤갬  ﵌ 䀸갬릤䘐ꮠ 산䀸ꮠ갬릤산ꮠ

䨸릤릤산䬬릤䘐ꮠ ꮠ릤산䬬ꮠ갬ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤산 릤산ꮠ䬬䘐산䬬 䨸 산산 䀸갬릤䬬산산ꮠ릤 릤릤ɬ䨸ꮠꮠꮠ䨸牨ꮠ 䘐ꮠ 릤 ꮠ갬 릤䬬䘐산릤산䬬ꮠ ὨⳈ 䀸갬릤﵌뀨Ⳉ௘산ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤 ퟰ뀨䀸 ꮠ䬬ꮠꮠ산릤䬬 산䘐ꮠ ꮠ릤산䬬ꮠ갬ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ 䬬릤䬬䬬ꮠꮠ갬 䀸갬릤䬬ꮠ릤산䬬릤산䘐산릤 산䬬ꮠ릤릤산䬬ꮠ갬

Water Evaporation

릤䘐산릤릤산산ꮠ 牨 䀸갬릤䬬ꮠ산ꮠ산 왌뀨 산Ⳉ 䨸牨ꮠꮠ䀸䘐산䬬ꮠ릤䬬ꮠ갬산릤릤 산牨ꮠ릤 릤䬬䬬ꮠꮠꮠ䀸 릤 䀸갬릤䬬䬬릤ꮠ갬산䬬䘐䨸 릤䬬䬬ꮠ갬苨䬬䬬 䘐ꮠꮠ갬뀨 릤䘐산릤릤산산ꮠ 牨 䀸갬릤䬬릤산릤䀸산䀸ꮠ갬ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤䬬산 릤산ꮠ 릤䘐산릤릤산산ꮠꮠ䬬릤䀸 산䬬ꮠ 릤ꮠꮠꮠ산ퟰ 산 릤ꮠ릤산䬬릤갬산䨸산䀸䨸  산 䀸갬릤䬬 릤 䀸갬릤牨산릤 牨ퟰ뀨Ⳉꮠ䬬 䘐산릤릤산산ꮠ산릤릤䬬릤릤산䬬릤䘐ꮠ ꮠ릤산䬬ꮠ갬 ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤䨸왌뀨䀸ꮠ䬬䘐 산산갬릤

䘐산릤산䬬ꮠ산릤릤 릤산䨸牨䨸산ꮠ 䘐䨸릤 䨸산릤䬬산산䬬牨산릤릤산산ꮠ산릤산 산ꮠ  산갬ꮠ갬 릤 䘐䨸 릤䬬䬬ꮠ갬   릤 릤릤 릤 䀸갬릤䬬릤산릤䀸ꮠ산ꮠ산ꮠ䬬릤산 왌뀨䀸 ퟰ뀨Ⳉꮠ䬬牨릤䬬䨸ꮠ산릤산䬬䘐䨸 릤䬬䬬ꮠ갬

Elongation at Break and Tensile Strength

魤ꮠ산릤산

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT