VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES AND THEIR EFFECT ON VOCABULARY MASTERY
(A Case Study on Male and Female Learners of Higher Intermediate Level at LBPP LIA Solo in Period of February-May 2017)
A Thesis
by:
ARINA AFIYATI SHADIKAH S891508005
Submitted to fulfill one of the Requirements to Obtain the Graduate Degree in English Education
MASTER PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA
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v ABSTRACT
Arina Afiyati Shadikah. S891508005. 2017. Vocabulary Learning Strategies and their Effect on Vocabulary Mastery (A Case Study on Male and Female Learners of Higher Intermediate Level at LBPP LIA Solo in Period of February-May 2017). A Thesis. First Consultant: Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum. Second Consultant: Dr. Slamet Supriyadi, M.Pd.. English Education Department. Graduate School. Sebelas Maret University.
The main objectives of this research are to investigate: (1) Vocabulary learning strategies used and practices done by male and female learners; (2) The similarities and differences between male and female learners in applying vocabulary learning strategies; and (3) the effect of vocabulary learning strategies on learners’ vocabulary mastery.
A qualitative research was applied in this study. The participants of this research were the Higher Intermediate Level learners at LBPP LIA Solo in Period of February-May 2017. There were twenty learners in this study that consisted of ten male learners and ten female learners. To collect the data, there were four instruments used namely vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires (VLSQs), interview, documentation, and test. The data were analyzed qualitatively using flow method of qualitative design. It consist of three steps, those were data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification.
The result of this study reveals that: (1) there are six strategies applied by both male and female learners; (2) the similarity is that both male and female learners do all of the practices provided on each strategies and the differences come from the frequency, the most frequently, and the least frequently vocabulary learning strategies applied by the learners; and (3) the more vocabulary learning strategies used, the better vocabulary mastery the learners get. It shows that female learners’ vocabulary mastery are better than male learners because they apply vocabulary strategies more often than male. Therefore, it is recommended for learners to use the most suitable vocabulary learning strategies, so that they can good achievement in vocabulary mastery.
vi MOTTO
“
Learn everything you can, anytime you can, from
anyone you can; there will always come a time when
you will be grateful you did
”
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
Her father and her mother, thank you for giving their love, care, and endless
praying.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praises just be for Allah SWT for His blessing to the writer so that this thesis can be completed. The writer also received support, guidance, advice and assistance from many people. Thus, he would like to express his gratefulness to those who give great contribution to the writer to finish this thesis:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University.
2. The Head of English Education Department, Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University, Dr. Ngadiso, M. Pd.
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum. the first consultant for his time, patience, help, correction, guidance, and suggestion.
4. Dr. Slamet Supriyadi, M.Pd., the second consultant for his time, patience, help, correction, guidance, and suggestion.
5. All lecturers in English Education, Graduate Program for the precious knowledge.
6. Wasi Dewanto, Head and supervisor of LBPP LIA Solo, for his permission to conduct the research.
7. The learners of higher intermediate level at LBPP LIA Solo, for their time and participation on this research.
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The writer accepts gratefully every comment and suggestion because nothing is perfect except Allah SWT and neither is this thesis. However, he hopes that this thesis will be useful to the improvement of the English teaching and learning.
Surakarta, August 2017
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ... ii
LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ...iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ... iv
LIST OF APPENDICES ... xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Problem Statement ... 5
C. Objectives of the Study ... 5
D. Significance of the Study ... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 8
A. Underlying Theory of Vocabulary Learning Strategies ... 8
1. Vocabulary ... 8
xi
b. The Importance of Vocabulary...9
c. Vocabulary Size...10
d. The Elements of Vocabulary...11
2. Vocabulary Learning Strategies ... 14
a. The Definition of Vocabulary Learning Strategies...15
b. The Importance of Vocabulary Learning Strategies...16
c. The Categories of Vocabulary Learning Strategies...18
3. Factors Affecting Vocabulary Learning and Acquisition.26 4. Gender Differences in Language Learning ... 27
B. Previous Studies ... 30
1. Halilah et all’s Work (2014) ... 30
8. Nayan and Krishnasamy’s Work (2015)...36
9. Ostovar et all’s Work (2015) ... 37
10. Wei’s Work (2007)...38
11. Kayaoglu’s Work (2012)...39
xii
C. Position of Recent Study ... 41
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 43
A. Research Design ... 43
B. Setting of the Study ... 44
C. Data and Data Source ... 46
D. Subject and Object of the Study...47
E. Technique of Collecting Data ... 48
F. Trustworthiness...55
G. Technique of Analyzing data ... 55
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 59
A. Research Findings ... 59
1. Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used by Female and Male Learners ... 59
2. The Similarities and Differences between Female and Male Learners in Using Vocabulary Learning Strategies ... 98
3. The Effect of Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used on Learners’ Vocabulary Mastery ... 117
B. Discussion...119
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ... 76
A. Conclusion ... 129
B. Implication ... 131
xiii
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Aspects involved in knowing a word by Nation (2000) ... 13
Table 2.2 The indictors of vocabulary ... 14
Table 2.3 Schmitt’s (1997) Discovery Strategies ... 18
Table 2.4 Schmitt’s (1997) Consolidation Strategies ... 20
Table 3.1 Time setting of the study ... 46
Table 3.2 Vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires proposed by Gu and Johnson (1996) ... 51
Table 3.3 Readability of vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires ... 53
Table 3.4 Scoring rubric adopted from Anova ... 54
Table 4.1 Vocabulary learning strategies used and practices done by female and male learners...97
Table 4.2 The different intensity in applying vocabulary learning ... 113
xv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Components of data analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman
(1994)... ... 56
Figure 4.2 News article read by R4 ... 95
Figure 4.2 Vocabulary list by R2 ... 52
Figure 4.3 Dictionary applications used by learners ... 102
Figure 4.4 Dictionary books used by learners ... 103
Figure 4.5 Note made by learner in practicing meaning oriented-note taking strategies... .104
Figure 4.6 Note made by learner in practicing usage oriented-note taking strategies... .105
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Vocabulary Learning Strategies’ Questionnaires Readability...84
Appendix 2 Vocabulary Learning Test Readability...117
Appendix 3 Female and Male Learners Vocabulary Learning Strategies Questionnaires’ Results... ....150
Appendix 4 Vocabulary Learning Strategies’ Questionnaires (VLSQ)...151
Appendix 5 Interview Guide for Higher Intermediate Level Learners...152
Appendix 6 Interview Transcriptions...153
Appendix 7 Vocabulary Learning Test... 154
Appendix 8 Vocabulary Knowledge Rating Scale...156
Appendix 9 Scoring Rubric for Vocabulary Mastery...158 Appendix 10 Pre-Test Score of Female Learners
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE... i
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ... ii
LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ... iv
ABSTRACT ... v
MOTTO... vi
DEDICATION... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... x
LIST OF TABLES ... xiii
A. Underlying Theory of Vocabulary Learning Strategies ... 8
1. Vocabulary ... 8
a. The Definition of Vocabulary ... 8
b. The Importance of Vocabulary ... 9
c. Vocabulary Size ... 10
d. The Elements of Vocabulary ... 11
2. Vocabulary Learning Strategies ... 12
a. The Definition of Vocabulary Learning Strategies ... 12
b. The Importanceof Vocabulary Learning Strategies ... 15
c. The Categories of Vocabulary Learning Strategies ... 17
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4. Gender Differences in Language Learning ... 26
B. Previous Studies ... 28
E. Technique of Collecting Data ... 44
F. Trustworthiness ... 51
G. Technique of Analyzing data ... 51
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 54
A. Research Findings ... 54
1. Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used by Female and Male Learners . 54 2. The Similarities and Differences between Female and Male Learners in Using Vocabulary Learning Strategies ... 90
xii
B. Discussion ... 110
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ... 119
A. Conclusion ... 119
B. Implication ... 121
C. Suggestion ... 121
REFERENCES ... 123
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1.Aspects involved in knowing a word by Nation (2000) ... 12
Table 2.2.The indictors of vocabulary ... 13
Table 2.3.Schmitt’s (1997) Discovery Strategies ... 17
Table 2.4.Schmitt’s (1997) Consolidation Strategies ... 19
Table 3.1.Time setting of the study ... 42
Table 3.2.Vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires proposed by Gu and Johnson (1996) ... 48
Table 3.3.Readability of vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires... 48
Table 3.4.Scoring rubric adopted from Anova ... 50
Table 4.1.Vocabulary learning strategies used and practices done by female and male learners ... 89
Table 4.2.The different intensity in applying vocabulary learning ... 104
