CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study
Language is one of human characteristics, because there is no human who is living without language. Language is considered to be an exclusively human mode of communication. Whereas, Indonesia is well known of Indonesian language as the national language, and also the traditional languages (from each ethnicity). Traditional language has an important role towards the society.
Javanese language is acquainted with three language stratification, they are krama inggil, krama madya, and ngoko. Ngoko is the lowest level and it is used when addressing someone of the same status, of the same age, or the lower status, such as close friends, younger persons, and subordinates. Krama madya is the middle level and it is used when addressing a second person who is fairly respected for example for a new acquainted. Krama inggil is the highest level and it is used when addressing a second person or talking about third person who is highly respected, such as teachers, parents, grandparents, etc.
form of word, while some of them have many forms of words represented one meaning. It is always called as homonyms. Homonyms are several words with the same form.
Homonyms is divided into two categories; they are homophone and homograph. Homograph is some words which are spelt in the same way but pronounced differently. Besides, homophone is some words which are spelt in different way but pronounced in the same way.
Wonorejo’s Javanese language is very unique and interesting to study and analyze. It is because Wonorejo’s Javanese language has homonyms words that make ambiguous meaning as the effect of homonyms. The homonyms will exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language if it is compared with Javanese dictionaries. Something that makes Wonorejo’s Javanese language is interesting and unique to be analyzed because there are several words with the same shape; it has different usage if it is compared with the Javanese dictionaries. To make it clear, the writer gives an example that is : “Marah” in general, it is used to express bad feeling, but in Wonorejo’s Javanese language “marah” is used to invite someone. So that, it is interesting and unique to be analyzed. Because there is different usage of the same word between Wonorejo’s Javanese language if it is compared with Javanese dictionaries.
tom-tomen, cetil, matean, mendreng, kuneng, slempitan, akon, manjeng, temonjo, nyepatani, ngatang-atang, cekak, metoto, gandrik, kieng, kayul, jarang, ngasak, tritipen, sayah, karipen, monteng, cuntel, diwelehke, kecis, lengo gas, dideh, putek, jo ngasi, angkringan, lhas-lhes, kemanjon, mbanggel, dileleh, nyluruk, ra ka iki, mbeler, toklek, liwat cangking, yi, larak, nyetatel, anut, diwalek, cengklek, sikep, bongkok, emak, gelorot, mekekelen, amoh ra amoh, medok merok, metotolen, sareh, nglagreng, stereg, kurop, onclang, mekakon, kerentepen, ora pinter, sentet, cubluk, mengangah, mrantasi, parisiseten, ra kendat, metal, kiyel, seluntur, lagang, mbengkuk, din tang-ntang, kreangan, menjuluk, mbregudul.
Because too many words have homonyms words as above the writer tries to study and analyze the language that is used by Wonorejo’s societies. The writer compares Javanese language in Wonorejo’s society with Javanese language in Javanese dictionaries as reference.
Because of the opinion as above, the writer decides to take Javanese language in Wonorejo, Pesantren, Mijen, Semarang as object of research with the title “HOMONYMS IN WONOREJO’S JAVANESE LANGUAGE, WONOREJO, PESANTREN, MIJEN, SEMARANG”.
B. Scope of the study
Scope of the study in this research are :
3. Why Wonorejo’s Javanese language is different from Javanese language in Javanese dictionaries ?
C. Purpose of the research
Herewith this research, the writer hopes that the results can give the description about language that is used by Wonorejo’s societies. There are some purposes of this research, they are :
1. To explain about homonyms and to classify homonyms words that exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
2. To analyze the process in forming the homonyms in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
3. To identify why the people use this variation or homonym rather than the other variation.
D. Underlying theory
The writer adopts the meaning of ambiguous from Jerrold J. Katz opinion that is : “semantic ambiguity is multiplicity of senses versus uniqueness of sense that more than one sense and the fact that the sentences have two or more senses (1964:296). The writer takes this opinion because ambiguous is the effect of homonyms words that exists in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
language and behaviorism theory. Bloomfield said that “we can define the meaning of a speech form accurately when this meaning has to do with the same matter of which possess scientific knowledge” (1981:58). The opinion can help the researcher in identifying the causes of homonyms words that exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. Because behaviorism is influencing language acquisition so that, it certainly has connection to the homonyms word that exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
In this research, the writer adopts Hymes opinion with his theories that is called SPEAKING. The writer will identify the connection between homonyms words in Wonorejo’s Javanese language and Hymes SPEAKING model. By using this theory, the writer can look for and identify the relationship between the participant, setting, and another aspect that will help this research. The writer takes Hymes opinion from Jan Renkema’s book with the title “Discourse Studies” published in 1993. The researcher takes this opinion, because the writer will look for the background knowledge of Wonorejo’s society. It is used to point the reason why Wonorejo’s choose this variant and not another variant.
E. Research method
1. Type of Research
research is the research of which the data in the form of written or oral word are descriptively analyzed. Based on this, the type of this study is descriptive, since the data are not enumerating., but they are written and oral words.
2. Method of Collecting data a. Data Sources
The writer categories the data in this research into 2 categories those are :
i. Primary data
b. Technique of Collecting Data
The writer applied some methods in collecting the data. They are Simak Libat Cakap method, observation method, interview method.
In this research, the writer uses observation method. The writer observes the object that will be examined (Gorrys Keraf, 1980:163). The writer did directly observation to the Wonorejo’s Javanese language in Wonorejo, Pesantren, Mijen, Semarang..
The writer uses Simak method in collecting data. Metode simak adalah suatu cara pemerolehan data dengan cara menyimak penggunaan bahasa baik bahasa lisan maupun bahasa tulis (Sudaryanto,1993:133-136).
Technique to collect data that is used by the writer is sadap technique. Teknik sadap adalah peneliti menyadap penggunaan bahasa seseorang atau beberapa orang yang menjadi informan. Data yang disadap bisa berupa bahasa lisan maupun data bahasa tulis. Penyadapan data lisan bisa diperoleh dari pemakaian bahasa seseorang yang sedang pidato, kotbah, atau anak yang sedang berbicara. Sedangkan sadap bahasa tulis dilakukan terhadap pemakaian bahasa dalam wujud bahasa tulis (bukan bahasa tutur lisan/cakap/wicara). Misalnya, naskah teks pidato, teks narasi, naskah kuno, brosur, liflet, atau teks media masa (Sudaryanto,1993:133-136).
1993:133-136). The writer uses this method to collect the data needed in researching and writing this research.
Besides, the writer uses interview method. The method in collecting data is giving question that have connection with this research to get relevant answer with the purpose of the research (Anto Dajan, 2000:34). In this case, the writer interviews the writer’s husband as the informant that is also one of Wonorejo’s communities. Because he is a direct object that has all information about homonyms word in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. On the other hand, the writer interviewed some people or the neighbor of husband families in Wonorejo, Pesantren, Mijen, Semarang and recorded their daily conversation.
The writer uses rekam technique to get a documentation of Wonorejo’s people conversation. Teknik rekam adalah tindak merekam setiap peristiwa kebahasaan dengan media recorder (tape recorder, kamera recorder, atau digital recorder). In this case the writer records her husband families conversation. Further the recorder is noted by using catat technique.
The writer takes some references from books having correlation with this research as theory and standard of comparison in report (Gorrys Keraf, 1980:165). In this matter, the observer reads, studies, and takes a note about the content of some books having relationship with this analysis.
c. Method of Analyzing Data
The next is analyzing the data prior to be classified. Analyzing data is organizing process and ordering data in the pattern categories, and analyzing base unit. Therefore, the observer can get the topic and formulate hypothesis work likes the data suggested (Moleong, 2000:103). The writer begins the analysis by making a list of homonyms words in Wonorejo’s Javanese language and grouping the data of homonyms word. So that, the writer can get the topic that there are some homonyms word in Wonorejo’s Javanese language if it is compared with the Javanese dictionaries.
In analyzing data, the writer takes padan pragmatics method. Padan pragmatics method is a method that is used to point the purpose content in sayer statement, by doing interpretation to the sayer statements.
F. Writing Organization
The content of introduction are background of the study, reasons to take the title, scope of the study, purpose of the study, underlying theory, research method (type of research, method of collecting data, data sources, technique of collecting data, method of analyzing data), writing organization.
CHAPTER II : LITERARY REVIEW
The content of literary review is underlying theory which is used to support the research.
CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY
The content of methodology are method of collecting data, technique of collecting data, method of analyzing data, the population and sample, steps to analyze data.
CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS
It contains Homonyms and its forming process (homophone, homograph, dialek asli Wonorejo, affixational process, a new word coming into Indonesia, acronym and shorting process, phoneme adding process, phoneme losing process, phoneme changing, phoneme substitution.
CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW
In writing this thesis the writer uses some theories to explain about homonyms word in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. By using these theories, hopefully the analysis can describe the homonyms words in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The theories used to look for the causal factor of homonyms words and the effect of homonyms that exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
Research is a form of social action which introduces its own outcomes into the social field. In complex societies, research becomes a process of metacommunication, a self-reflective learning process. Providing an account of the plurality and tensions constituting collective life, which can contribute to the practice of freedom (Alberto Melucci, 1996:367).
Homonyms is a relation holding between two or more etic expressions that have the same form but a different meaning. Complete homonyms have the same pronunciation and the same spelling (Allan, 1986). Alan also divides homonyms into two categories, they are homography and homophony. Homophony is some words that have the same pronunciation but different meaning, whereas homography is some words that have the same spelling but different meaning (Alan, 1986).
model. By using this theory, the writer can find and identify the relationship between the participant, setting, and another aspect that will help this research. The writer takes Hymes opinion from Jan Rankema’s book with the title “Discourse Studies” published 1993. The researcher takes this opinion, because the writer will look for background knowledge of Wonorejo’s society. It is used to look for the causal factor of homonyms words that exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
S Setting, it is about the time, place, and other physical conditions surrounding the speech act.
Scene, it is about the psychological counterpart to setting. What is meant here is that a setting can be changed, for example, from formal to in formal, by participants.
P Participant, The speaker or Sender, the Addressor, the Hearer, Receiver or Audience, and the Addressee.
E Ends, the purpose-outcomes and purpose-goals. A Act Squence, the form and the content of the message.
K Keys, The tone of the conversation, for example, serious or mocking. I Instrumentalitis, The channels; written, telegraph, etc, and the forms
of interpretation, for example how a listener’s suddenly looking away must be interpreted.
G Genre, Fairly tale, advertisement, etc.
To find out the causal factor of homonyms word the writer takes I dewa putu wijana’s opinion, Wijana’s said that “pengalaman membuktikan bahwa mereka yang baru masuk bidang linguistik kadang-kadang membiarkan diri digoda untuk lebih memperhatikan ejaan (ortografis) daripada bentuknya dalam bahasa lisan, sejauh yang berhubungan dengan homonymi antar kata dalam bahasa Indonesia Wijana menyebutkan sebab pembentukan homonim karena empat hal di samping kebetulan ada dua buah leksem atau lebih memiliki bentuk yang sama juga karena empat hal di antaranya karena adanya afiksasi, masuknya kata-kata ke dalam kosa kata bahasa Indonesia” (Wijana,2004).
Wijana’s opinion above is an answer of Verhaar opinions who is classified homonyms just homophony. Verhaar said that “hanya homofon yang layak diperlakukan sebagai homonim dengan dasar bahwa tulisan (ortografi) bukanlah merupakan objek primer linguistic” (Verhaar, 1977).
Because there are too many gejala bahasa as part of the causal factor of homonyms, Wijana classifies in his book with the title “Semantik” . Wijana’s classifies gejala bahasa into gejala bahasa karena penambahan fonem, gejala bahasa penghilangan fonem, gejala pertukaran letak fonem, gejala perubahan fonem (Wijana, 2004).
“Gejala bahasa adalah peristiwa yang menyangkut bentukan-bentukan kata, atau kalimat dengan segala macam proses pembentukanny (Badudu, 1980, 47).
Guiraud said that “pembeda dialek dalam hal semantik terciptanya kata-kata baru berdasarkan perubahan fonologi dan geseran bentuk. Geseran tersebut ada dua bentuk, yaitu pemberian nama berbeda untuk linambang sama di tempat berbeda, geseran ini pada umumnya dikenal sebagai sinonim, padan kata atau sama makna. Sedangkan pemberian nama sama untuk hal berbeda di beberapa tempat berbeda geseran ini disebut homonim (Guiraud, 1970)”.
The writer takes an opinion that is proposed by Chaer that is “Homonyms is formed from two words. They are “onoma” that means as “name”, and “homo” that means as “same” so homonym is some words that have same name but different meaning (Chaer, 1990:96)”.
Keraf says “Homonim adalah kata-kata yang bunyinya sama tetapi berbeda arti” (Keraf, 1984:37). In homonyms it is usually called as homograph, because there are some words which are spelt in the same way, but pronounced differently.
Besides, there are some words which are spelt differently, but they are pronounced in the same way. It is called as homophone. On the other hand, homonyms is some words with the same shape.
Sociolinguistics is concerned with the relationship between language and society, the context in which it is used. It identifies the social function of language and the ways it is used to convey social meanings (J. Holmes, 1992). This theory used to look for the causal factor of homonyms and the effect of homonyms words in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. Hopefully, this research can give a little description about Wonorejo’s Javanese Language.
traditional language. Hopefully, the reader or Wonorejo’s society especially all of the Javanese societies are proud with their traditional language. Halim (1984:22) said that “traditional language’s position in Indonesia is guaranteed by UUD 1945 which state that traditional language are one of culture’s potential wealths which can influence, support, enrich national language which have to maintain by all parts of the nation.
Javanese language is one of the regional languages in Indonesia. Besides, it has an old age and deeply rooted of literature tradition; until recent days, it is still used on daily communication by large number of its speech communities. It is observed from the amount of the users, Javanese language is used by over than 60 millions of Javanese people (Djojodigoeno, 1976:1). The writer takes this opinion because Wonorejo’s Javanese language is a language that has different interesting thing to analyze.
takes this opinion to find out the Javanese language level that Wonorejo’s societies choose in their spoken.
Since a kid “each individuals is absorbed by culture’s value of their society, the culture’s conception becomes rooted into their mentality and difficult to substitute by other culture’s value for brief periods” (Koentjaraningrat, 1969:18). Actually, every body is a part of certain culture in their own environment. The culture is influencing their attitude and behavior which can develop their personality. This pattern is reflected in the society’s daily life related to their views (Sastroatmaja, Suryanto, 2001). This condition concerns on the language of Javanese teenagers will be maintained and restored their language because the value of traditional culture has particularistic feature. And teenagers are the only hope who can continue the perpetuation of traditional heritage. It means that the value occurs generally and gradually in culture region of certain tribes.
The writer adopts the meaning of ambiguous from Jerrold J. Katz opinion that is “semantic ambiguity is multiplicity of senses versus uniqueness of sense that have more than one sense and the fact that the sentences have two or more senses (1964:296). The writer takes this opinion because ambiguous is the effect of homonyms words that exists in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
behaviorism theory. Bloomfield said that “we can define the meaning as a speech form accurately when this meaning has to do with same matter of which possess scientific knowledge” (1981:58). This opinion can help the researcher in identifying the causal factor of homonyms word which exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. Because behaviorism influences language acquisition, it has connection to the homonyms word that presence in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
According to Wijana’s opinion about homonyms, he divided homonyms into two categories, they are homography and homophony. He said that “homografi kesamaanya terletak pada keidentikan oftografi (tulisan atau ejaan), seperti kata “seri” yang dapat bermakna ‘sinar/sari/ dan ‘jilid’ /seri/, semi yang bermakna ‘tumbuh’ /sami/. Sementara iu, homofoni menyandarkan kesamaanya pada keidentikan bunyi atau pengucapan. Misalnya kata ‘bang’ dapat bermakna ‘kakak’ (dari abang), ‘yayasan keuangan’ dari (bank), ‘suara azan’, dan ‘tiruan bunyi peti jatuh” (Wijana, 1995:192).
The writer adopts Leech’s Seven Types of Meaning to look for the relationship between homonym expression presence in Wonorejo’s Javanese language with this theories. Geofrey Leech (1981:9-23).
i. Conceptual meaning ii. Connotative meaning
iv. Affective meaning, i.e. what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.
v. Reflected meaning, i.e. what is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression. vi. Collocative meaning, i.e. what is communicated through
association with words which tent to occur in the environment of another word. Example : pretty and handsome is the same meaning for good looking word expression.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter the writer will describe about the method that is used in this research. The writer will explain about type of research, method of collecting data (population and sample), method of analyzing data.
A. Type of research
Type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The writer adopts Moleong’s opinion about descriptive qualitative research. Moleong (1988:2) affirms that qualitative research is a type of research which does not include any calculation or enumerating. Further Moleong explains that a qualitative research is the research of which the data in the form of written or oral word are descriptively analyzed. Based on this, the type of this study is descriptive, since the data are not enumerating., but they are written and oral words (Moleong, 1982).
B. Population and sample 1. Population
Population is the entire group from which the sample is chosen (Hadi, 2001:2). Nawawi (1991:141) says that population is all research objects consisting people, animal, things, plants or score test. Based on Koentjaraningrat (1977:115) population is the whole research data.
homonyms words that exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language are 200 homonyms words. The words are collected on December 12, 2008 and august 28, 2009. The process in collecting data is recording the writer’s family conversation with her neighbor’s. The writer uses rekam technique in recording her family’s conversation with her neighbor’s.
2. Sample
According to Sugiyono the writer adopts the opinion about sample. Sugiyono (1999:73) says that a sample is the part of the population’s member which has special characteristic that connects to the research. It means, a sample is an individual which has special characteristic that connects to the research taken from the population that are composed in generalizing the result of the population. In general there are two ways in collecting the sample namely probability and non-probability sampling. Then probability is classified into random, proportionate random, disproportionate random, and area random; while, non-probability sampling is classified into sistematis, kuota, aksidental, purposive, total/jenuh and snowball sampling.
C. Method of collecting data a. Data Sources
The writer categories the data in this research into 2 categories those are :
i. Primary data
“Primary data are the data directly collected from the research, observed, and noted for the first time (Marzuki, 1995). Primary data that the writer used in this research are collected from observation, and interview some people who have competence about homonyms words in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The observation is done by observing and collecting homonym expression found in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The observer is also interviewing some people who have competence about homonyms, especially the opinions that show the factor of homonym expression; so that the writer can identify the causal factor of how homonyms expression exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
b. Technique of collecting data
The writer applied some methods in collecting the data. They are Simak Libat Cakap method, observation method, interview method.
The writer uses Simak method in collecting data. Metode simak adalah suatu cara pemerolehan data dengan cara menyimak penggunaan bahasa baik bahasa lisan maupun bahasa tulis (Sudaryanto,1993:133-136).
Technique to collect data that is used by the writer is sadap technique. Teknik sadap adalah peneliti menyadap penggunaan bahasa seseorang atau beberapa orang yang menjadi informan. Data yang disadap bisa berupa bahasa lisan maupun data bahasa tulis. Penyadapan data lisan bisa diperoleh dari pemakaian bahasa seseorang yang sedang pidato, kotbah, atau anak yang sedang berbicara. Sedangkan sadap bahasa tulis dilakukan terhadap pemakaian bahasa dalam wujud bahasa tulis (bukan bahasa tutur lisan/cakap/wicara). Misalnya, naskah teks pidato, teks narasi, naskah kuno, brosur, liflet, atau teks media masa (Sudaryanto,1993:133-136).
In this research, the writer uses metode simak libat cakap (SLC). Simak Libat Cakap adalah peneliti melakukan penyadapan dengan cara menyimak dan terlibat langsung dalam percakapan serta berpartisipasi dalam percakapan yang terjadi di Wonorejo, Pesantren, Mijen, Semarang (Sudaryanto, 1993:133-136). The writer uses this method to collect the data needed in researching and writing this research.
husband families in Wonorejo, Pesantren, Mijen, Semarang and recorded their daily conversation.
The writer uses rekam technique to get a documentation of Wonorejo’s people conversation. Teknik rekam adalah tindak merekam setiap peristiwa kebahasaan dengan media recorder (tape recorder, kamera recorder, atau digital recorder). In this case the writer records her husband families conversation. Further the recorder is noted by using catat technique (Sudaryanto,1993:133-136).
Teknik catat adalah peneliti menyadap dengan menyimak dan mencatat setiap peristiwa kebahasaan yang terjadi. Oleh karena itu peneliti harus membawa alat catat dan mencatat berbagai hal seperti situasi tutur, penutur, dan mitra tutur, keadaan pertuturan, norma pertuturan dan berbagai hal sekiranya membantu peneliti dalam analisis data khususnya untuk menjawab latar belakang/konteks pertuturan (Sudaryanto,1993:133-136). The writer uses catat technique in the transcript formation. Further the transcript is used by the writer as a data in this research.
The writer takes some references from books having correlation with this research as theory and standard of comparison in report (Gorrys Keraf, 1980:165). In this matter, the observer reads, studies, and takes a note about the content of some books having relationship with this analysis.
c. Method of Analyzing Data
begins the analysis by making a list of homonym word in Wonorejo’s Javanese language, so that, the writer gets some homonym words in Wonorejo’s Javanese language if it is compared with the Javanese dictionaries.
In analyzing data, the writer takes padan pragmatics method. Padan pragmatic method is a method that is used to point the purpose content in speaker statement, by doing interpretation to the speaker statements.
d.Steps to analyze data
In analyzing the data there are some steps that the writer takes as follows:
1. The writer observes the research object that is Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
2. Making a list of homonyms word in Wonorejo’s Javanese language and classifying the data that will be analyzed in a research. The writer gets the data from the informant that is interviewed before. The informants are the writer’s husband and her husband’s family and so some of the writer’s neighbor’s. 3. Finding and comparing homonyms word in Wonorejo’s Javanese
4. Using some references in analyzing homonym expression in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The references are used to support the analysis.
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
Homonym may be defined as a relation holding between two or more etic expressions that have the same form but a different meaning. Complete homonyms have the same pronunciation and the same spelling. The writer identifies Wonorejo’s Javanese language as the object of research. In Wonorejo’s Javanese language the writer finds several words which have different meaning and usage but the same form. There is an example to explain language phenomenon that exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The example is ‘marah’. It has different meaning and usage. ‘marah 1’ means /get angry/, it is used to express bad feeling. On the other hand, ‘marah 2’ means /inviting someone/, it is used to request helping. If there are several words with the same shape or form but different meaning exist in a language, it will make homonyms expression forming.
Homonym is divided into two categories, they are homophone and homograph. The writer begins the analysis from homophone classifications and its forming process also another explaination about homophone.
A. Homophone
Homophone classifications
perasaan jengkel, buah yang matangnya tidak sempurna atau kurang matang.
lauk dari gudhe atau sayur gudhe.
2. nylampar /nylΛmpΛr/ menggoda, kurang ajar
membuat tambang yang digunakan untuk memanjat
3. berdondi/bərdόndΙ/ buah bibir, masalah pembohong 4. mangkel /mΛŋkəl/ rasa pegal atau sakit yang sangat pada
punggung
jengkel atau perasaan marah
8. menek /mεnεk/ memetik, memanjat
membangun rumah, contohnya
membetulkan genting. 9. lambung /lΛmbόŋ/ pinggang, punggung perut
10. marah /mΛrΛh/ menyuruh, mengundang meminta, rasa tidak suka atau benci
11. mbok /mbόk/ tante ibu-ibu, ibu
12. gembul /gəmbόl/ kumpul, campur bersama, gendut, perut yang besar 13. bener /bənər/ tepat, hari h. betul
14. kasak /kΛsΛk/ gosok, membersihkan sikat, isu
15. gembeng /gəmbεŋ/ penakut cengeng, kecil hati 16 semang /šəmλŋ/ tidak usah, jangan tiba-tiba, susah 17. bantah /bλntλh/ diskusi, bercakap-cakap ngobrol, menyangkal 18. basang /bΛsΛŋ/ jualan, mengumpulkan memetik, bersama-sama, memasang 19. tebas /təbλs/ menjual dalam partai
besar, memotong, membersihkan rumput.
20. kesliring /kəšlιrεŋ/ kaki yang keseleo sakit punggung
/gλmbrεŋ/ cengeng bau yang menyengat
25. tetek /£εtεk/ buruh khitan
26. gupruk /guprόk/ bertengkar ramai
berbincang-bincang, asik
mengobrol
27. nyekek /nyəkεk/ makan mencekik
28. mahal /mλhλl/ berat, puas, mantap tak terjangkau 29. barut /bλrόt/ gedong bayi besi tipis
30. ambeng /λmbəŋ/ silahkan dimakan kepung dan jaga 31. mloto /mlόtό/ besar kepala, sombong lucu cangkul khusus untuk ditanami
49. momrot /mόmrόt/ luka akibat kekerasan -
50. kedhik /kəθιk/ repot sedikit
51. mangas /mλŋλs/ rakus murka
52. laut /lλόt/ istirahat samudera, hamparan
air yang luas
53. suker /šukər/ kotor susah, sulit
54. kondang /kόndλŋ/ amat sangat, tak terhingga
gotong royong, hajatan 55. kepyak /kəpyλk/ mengerahkan orang mengumumkan
56. pacen /pλcεn/ sesaji untuk orang
meninggal `kebun mengkudu
57. rengket /rəŋkət/ dekat, lengket kebanyakan bawaan 58. blendrek /blεndrεk/ memalsukan membuka dengan
paksa 59. madal /mλdλl/ ancang-ancang maju berkilah 60. gasik /gλšιk/ pagi buta, cepat bersih
61. ogleng /όglεŋ/ koplak, gila menancapkan keris
62. cetil /cə£εl/ pelit gila
63. manjeng /mλnjeŋ/ kelunturan masuk
64. Temonjo /təmόnjό/ ada hasilnya atau ada wujudnya
-
65. kiyeng /kιyəŋ/ berotot kuat
66. lhas-lhes /lhλs-lhəs/ bekerja dengan cepat boros 67. nyluruk /nylurόk/ lari yang tak beraturan terjerembab
68. sikep /šιkəp/ peluk membawa, bersedia
69. bongkok /mόŋkok/ ikat dahan kelapa
70. amoh ra amoh
/λmoh r5λ λmoh/ tidak karu-karuan baru
71. sareh /ŠΛreh/ redam sabar
orang yang mempunyai acara hajatan, mengemis
80. Lurug /lurόg/ main atau bertandang ke
rumah teman pergi berperang
82. lireh /lιrεh/ sayuran lirih
83. maton /mλtόn/ tetap mencabuti rumput
disela-sela padi 84. njepaplang
/jəpa:plλŋ/ telentang membuka tangan
85. tempat /təmpλt/ baskom, mangkok, rantang
letak, daerah
From the data collected the writer takes ‘nylampar’ word as the example to make the analyzes clear. ‘nylampar’ has similar sound likes ‘nyəlampar’ word. Whereas, ‘nylampar’ has two meanings. ‘nylampar’ means /make something fall or a net to climb/, and /nyəlΛmpΛr/ means /tease thing/. ‘nylampar’ also has different spelling that is /nyəlampar/ and /nylΛmpΛr/ but pronouncing in the same way nylΛmpΛr/ .
‘Nylampar’ example is representative for all of homophone classifications because it has the same forming process as all of homophone classifications on the homophone table above.
Homophone in Wonorejo’s Javanese language has the same spelling and pronunciation but different meaning. It is complete homonyms because it has the same spelling and the same pronunciation.
The phenomenon about homophone expression exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language as a part of homonym expression. Homophones are formed as the effect of several words which are spelt in different way but pronounced in the same way.
B. Homograph
correlation each other. The data found are : ‘bongko, amben, mboso, gembul, bener, eyong, doso, kodo, kuneng. The writer analyzes the data that exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language by giving and taking a word from the data as the example to support the language phenomenon in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The example is ‘amben’ word. This word has two meanings, ‘amben’ /Λmben/ means /sleeping bad/ and ‘amben’ /Λmbən/ means /baby’s vest/. This phenomenon is called as homograph because there are some words which are spelt in the same way but pronounced in different way. ‘amben’ is spelt ‘amben’ but pronounced /Λmbən/ . ‘a’ letter in ‘amben’ word becomes ‘ə’ in the second ‘amben’ word shows different pronounciation. This indicaton makes homonym expression exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
Homograph classifications
NO Words Meaning in Wonorejo’s
Javanese language
Meaning in Javanese dictionary
1. amben gurita atau pakaian bayi. /Λmbən/ ikat pinggang kuda, tempat tidur /Λmben/ 2. mboso getah karet yang sudah jatuh ke tanah /mbỏso/ setengah hati /mboso/ 3. gembul kumpul, bersama, campur /gəmbỏl/ gendut, perut yang besar /gəmbu:l/ 4. bener tepat, hari h. /mbənər/ betul /bənər/
5. eyong rasa tidak enak hati, sungkan /εyoŋ/ kesakitan /i:oŋ/
6. doso marah /ө:šo/ mengeluh /£ošo/
7. kodo keras kepala /kỏ£o/ tidak buta, harus, bodoh /ku:du/
Homonyms is formed by affixational process, a new word coming into Indonesia, acronym and shorting process, and language indications (phoneme adding process, phoneme losing process, phoneme changing process, and phoneme substitutions process).
a. Affixational process
There are several homonym words caused by affixational process, they are classified into table below :
/kόboλn/ piring atau
The second affixational adding process is added affixes in the middle of word for example,”nyetatel” words,”nyetatel” has two meanings, “nyetatel 1” / nyə£a:tel/ means / flank something/ and “nyetatel 2” / nyə£a:tel/ means / bend over of confined / this word is formed from “ nye + ta + tel “. The base unit of “nyetayel” word is ‘nyetel’ / nyətel/ means /turn on something/. Because of affixatonal added process by adding infix in the middle of ‘nyetel’ word, ‘nyetel’ becomes ‘nyetatel’.
The writer also finds affixational adding process in the last words. There are several words which are found in Wonorejo’s Javanese languages, they are : ‘katisen, mainan, demarenen, metoan, njedodot, purunan, kobokan, slempitan, nyepatani, ngrincki, angkringan’ words. The writer takes ‘metoan’ word as the example of affixational adding process in the last of words. ‘metoan’ /mətόΛn/ means /meeting/ and ‘metoan’ /mətόΛn/ means /fetching someone/. ‘metoan’ is formed from /meto’/ words. /meto’/ means /inviting someone/. It becomes /metoan/ word because there is affixational adding process in the last of /meto’/ word.
b. A New Word Coming into Indonesia
in Central Java province in general. In Wonorejo’s Javanese language the writer finds /ekeh meni ace iki/. The writer analyzes is false that /meni/ is formed from /men+iki/. ‘meni ‘ is naturally formed from /meni/ word. It is influenced by a new word coming into Wonorejo’s Javanese language. ‘meni’ is influenced by ‘many’ word From English language. Because of different pronounciation, ‘many’ becomes ‘meni’ in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The influencing is looked into pronunciation and meaning similarities.
The phenomenon in ‘meni’ /mən/ forming shows the effect of globalization era. In globalization era a country has to learn different language as introductory language to communicate with different country. This phenomenon influenced local language indirectly. The society inclined to borrow and use a new word to make conversation simple. The writer not only finds English language influencing Wonorejo’s Javanese language but also finds regional language influencing. The regional language influences looked into ‘bakul’ words. ‘bakul’ means /little trader/ and ‘bakul’ means /rice bowl made from bamboo/. Whereas, Wonorejo’s Javanese society always say ‘besek’ to say ‘rice bowl’. Because of regional language influences ‘besek’ word becomes lost. ‘besek’ is substituted by ‘bakul’ word.
c. Acronym and Shorting Process
‘pelita’ is formed from /mutual cooperation every Sunday/. The writer found shorting process in ‘mberuh’ and ‘monteng’ words. ‘mberuh’ means /do not know something/ and ‘monteng’ means //unstable/. Whereas, ‘monteng’ and ‘mberuh’ has different meaning from the Javanese dictionaries. In dictionaries ‘monteng’ means /confuse/ and ‘mberuh’ means /as you wish/. Wonorejo’s society is shorting /mboh ora weruh/ becomes /mberuh/ because ‘mberuh’ forms is simpler in spelling and pronouncing than /mberuh ora weruh/ forms. The writer does not only analyze ‘mberuh’ and ‘monteng’ words but also analyzes ‘pelita’ words. ‘Pelita’ means /mutual cooperation every Sunday/. It is different from ‘pelita’s’ meaning in general. Generally, ‘pelita’ means /five-year plan/ in general forming. ‘pelita’ is acronym process in Indonesian becomes a word in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. This cases make ambiguous meaning because there is a word with different usage and meaning from general ‘pelita’s’ meaning. It is a part of interesting and unique things that the writer found in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
Acronym and shorting process
No Words Kepanjangan dari
Arti
1. mberuh
/mbərόh/ mboh weroh ora
tidak tahu 2. Monteng
/mόnteŋ/ montang-manting oleng
3. pelita /pəlιtλ/ pembangunan
d. language indications
1. Phoneme Adding Process
There are several language indications which are found by the writer in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The writer found phoneme added in front of the word, in the middle of word, and in the last of word. Besides, the writer also finds word losing in the word, phoneme substitution, and phoneme changing.
The writer found phoneme adding process in front of the word on ‘esak’ and ‘mbaon’ words. ‘esak’ means /unhealthy/. It is formed from ‘sak’ word. ‘sak’ means /sack or bag/. ‘sak’ added by ‘E’ in front of this word so that ‘sak’ words become /esak/. Because of phoneme added in front of ‘sak’ words, automatically the meaning of ‘sak’ words changes. So, phoneme adding process in a word is causing changing meaning, forming, and using. ‘esak’ example process has the same as ‘mbaon’ word adding phoneme process. Absolutely ‘esak’ phoneme adding process representative for ‘mbaon’ process.
middle of ‘mblandang’ word by deleting ‘l’ becomes ‘mbandang’make homonym expression exist in this word.
The phenomenon above also happens in ‘janggol’ word. ‘janggol’ /jΛŋgόl/ means /having eaten in someone’s ceremonial/. It is formed from ‘n+janggol’. There is phoneme losing ‘n’ in front of ‘janggol’ word. So that ‘njanggol’ becomes ‘janggol’. Losing phoneme makes a new word formation forming with different spelling and pronunciation. A new word forming also makes a new meaning.
phoneme losing process
No kata Penambahan fonem
Bentuk dasar
arti 1. mbandang
/mbλndλŋ/ -l mblandang Kabur
2. janggol
/jλŋgỏl/ -n njanggol /ənjλŋgol/ Meminta makan pada orang punya hajat.
3. Phoneme Changing Process
Phoneme changing found by the writer on some words as follows :
kudu→kodo boso→mboso
ngukuri→nakori grapyak→gambyak
Phoneme changing makes a new word forming with different spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. The witer takes ‘kudu’ becomes ‘kodo’ as the example to make this analysis clear. ‘Kudu’ /ku:θu/ means /must/ and ‘kodo’ /kόθo/ means /bad-tempered/. Phoneme changing makes a new meaning different from the words before phoneme changing.
4. Phoneme Substitutions Process
There are two words having phoneme substitutions that are found by the writer in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The words are : ‘loncang’ becomes ‘onclang’, and ‘kemekelen’ becomes ‘mekekelen’. Phoneme substitution only makes a new word forming with different spelling and pronunciation from the word before substitution process but the same meaning. ‘Loncang’ becomes ‘onclang’. Oncl positions is subtituted ‘lonc’ in ‘loncang’ words so that ‘loncang’ /loncΛŋ/ words become ‘onclang’ /onclΛŋ/ words.
D. Dialek Asli Wonorejo
Dialek Asli Wonorejo may be formed by social meaning, reflected meaning, affective meaning, behaviorism, Setting, Ends.
Dialek asli Wonorejo
NO Words Meaning in Wonorejo’s
6. merat /merΛt/ kabur -
7. bloboh /blỏboh/ dermawan -
8. melek pasian
/məlεk pλšιλn/ malam persiapan sebelum acara hajatan digelar -
9. maesan /mæsλn/ batu nisan -
10. trenten /trəntən/ keranjang dari bamboo yang berukuran besar - 11. dunak /du:nλk/ keranjang dari bamboo yang berukuran sedang -
12. ngayap /ŋa:yλp/ jalan-jalan -
13. nyendekke /nyendek:kε/ menggadaikan -
37. temonjo /təmonjo/ ada hasilnya atau ada wujudnya -
38. cekak /cəkΛk/ pendek -
39. metoto /mətoto/ bengkak -
40. gandrik /gΛndrek/ halilintar, petir - 41. ngasak /ŋa:sΛk/ nencari memulung sisa-sisa, - 42. tritipen /tri:tιpən/ pakaian yang terkena noda -
43. kecis /kəces/ bohong, dusta - 59. mercak-mercake /mərca:-mercΛke/ membagi-bagi - 60. klejetan /klejeεtΛn/ kesakitan - 61. bedigasan /bdI:gΛsΛn/ bikin onar -
62. meges /mə:gəs/ sama persis -
63. krenyeh /krənyεh/ pecundang, penakut -
The writer found several words which have no meaning in Javanese dictionaries. The writer called those words as Dialek Asli Wonorejo. The words that exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language is used to make something different in Wonorejo’s Javanese language from their neighbor’s language. Wonorejo’s language has special characteristic by adding ‘ra’ in the last of sentence. Besides, Njambon village as Wonorejo’s neighbor village is added ‘ju’ in the last of sentence.
In expressing and reflecting language, Wonorejo’s society is inclined to use and choose coarse word. For example they will say ‘cemet’ /cεmet/ to express and reflects bad feeling. Besides, ‘cemet’ is used to joke.
Another Wonorejo’s language characteristic is ‘a’ phone becoming ‘e’ letter. For example ‘ngantenan’ becomes ‘ngentenan’, ‘karetan’ /kΛretΛn/ becomes ‘keretan’ /kεretΛΛn/. ‘A’ letter becoming ‘e’ letter almost exist in all of Wonorejo’s vocabularies that includes ‘a’ letter.
The writer takes Hymes’ theories to analyze Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The theories called as Hymes’ SPEAKING model. The writer uses this theory to look for the correlation between the participants, setting or scene, act, keys, instrumentalities, and another aspect in SPEAKING model that influent communication process in Wonorejo’s Javanese language.
Hymes analysis focus on the societies culture with looking the language from 8 aspects that is called as SPEAKING.
Scene, it is about the psychological counterpart to setting. What is meant here is that a setting can be changed, for example, from formal to in formal, by participants.
P Participant, The speaker or Sender, the Addressor, the Hearer, Receiver or Audience, and the Addressee.
E Ends, the purpose-outcomes and purpose-goals. A Act Squence, the form and the content of the message.
K Keys, The tone of the conversation, for example, serious or mocking. I Instrumentalitis, The channels; written, telegraph, etc, and the forms
of interpretation, for example how a listener’s suddenly looking away must be interpreted.
N Norms, The norms of interaction; e.g. interruption and norms of interpretation, for example how a listener’s suddenly looking away must be interpreted.
G Genre, Fairly tale, advertisement, etc.
/mΛrΛh/ means /inviting someone/ and /mΛrΛh/ in the second sentence means /bad feeling/. It makes confuse especially for the stranger, because Wonorejo’s people are only use their language in their community.
In Participant aspect the writer looks the relationship between the speaker and hearer. Wonorejo’s society will use different language as the introductory language with their speaking partner if they speak with a new stranger in their village. It makes Wonorejo’s language only know by Wonorejo’s community.
The writer uses Ends to show the purpose, comes out and purpose; goals of the communication. We want to know the variation in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. It concludes about the words choosing and expression in communication process. For example, in saying ‘weight’ Wonorejo’s society always use two words. The words are ‘antep’ /Λntəp/ and ‘sementek’
/səmentek/. To express the biggest and the weight baby they do not say ‘antep’ /Λntəp/ because baby is human. For human they will say ‘sementek’
/səmentek/; if you say ‘Λntəp’ they will say ‘it is taboo’.
Act sequence in Wonorejo’s Javanese language is relatively organized. It is suitable with the topic that is discussed. It makes the communication is going well. Because of the constantly topic and good turn taking system.
use the same languae. Because there is no different language usage in their communication, for example, from ngoko to kromo rarely happen.
Instrumentalities; the channels; written, telegraph, etc, and the forms of speech; dialect, standard language, etc. Wonorejo’s society just using the instrumentalities in formal situation. In habitually, they speak verbal forms. Verbal communication is communication with oral.
Norms, the norms of interaction. In habitual living, Wonorejo’s community is less attention about the norms aspect in interaction with their speaking partner. Because they give more attention to reach out for the purpose of speaking. There is no norms of interaction using both verbal communication and written. Besides, there is less norms using in their attitude.
Genre; fairly tale, advertisement, etc. Wonorejo’s society is only use special text type in formal and educational ceremonial. For example, in formal situation; they are definitely use different text. It is adapting to the context of ceremonial. So, special text is depending on the context and situation.
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
A. Conclusion
This is the result of the research that the writer did from the analysis of homonym word in Wonorejo’s Javanese language. The writer takes some conclusion about the homonym expression exist in Wonorejo’s Javanese language as follows : homonym expression presence in Wonorejo’s Javanese language because there are affixational process, new word coming into Indonesian, there are shorting and acronym process and there are any language indications Beside, it exists in Wonorejo’s Javanese language because there are conceptual meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, simple word choosing usage in conversation, different spelling (‘a’ becomes ‘e’), Wonorejo’s society want to make special characteristic on their language by adding ‘ra’ in the last of sentence in their spoken, and behaviorism.
The process of homonym expression formed by : Gejala penambahan fonem, gejala penghilangan fonem, gejala perubahan fonem, gejala pertukaran letak fonem. It is also because geseran homonim (pemberian nama berbeda untuk hal berbeda di beberapa tempat berbeda).
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Table of Homonyms Word in Wonorejo’s Javanese Language
NO Words Meaning in Wonorejo’s
Javanese language
Meaning in Javanese dictionary
1. sali tajir -
2. meni tak terhingga, banyak sekali - 3. nylampar menggoda, kurang ajar
membuat tambang yang digunakan untuk memanjat
4. bongko
perasaan jengkel, buah yang matangnya tidak sempurna atau kurang matang.
lauk dari gudhe atau sayur gudhe.
5. berdondi buah bibir, masalah pembohong
6. solu sanjung, pura-pura -
7. amben gurita atau pakaian bayi ikat pinggang kuda, tempat tidur 8. mangkel rasa pegal atau sakit yang
sangat pada punggung
jengkel atau perasaan marah
menyebut semua aktivitas memetik sesuatu,
tidak tahu, digunakan untuk menjawab hal-hal yang tidak diketahui
semaunya sendiri
16. esak tidak nyaman karung, sakit hati
17. lambung pinggang, punggung perut
18. marah menyuruh, meminta,
mengundang
rasa tidak suka atau benci
19. mbok tante ibu-ibu, ibu
22. leden membantu,
perempuan yang berupa cincin, kalung, gelang, anting-anting.
tidak konsekuen atau mengingkari.
25. gembul kumpul, bersama, campur gendut, perut yang besar 26. demarenen
anak kecil yang demam karena saudaranya ada yang hamil muda
sakit-sakitan
27. bener tepat, hari h. betul
28. kasak gosok, membersihkan sikat, isu
29. gembeng penakut cengeng, kecil hati
30. eyong rasa tidak enak hati,
sungkan kesakitan
31. semang tidak usah, jangan tiba-tiba, susah 32. sementek untuk mengatakan bayi yang gendut dan berat - 38. kesliring kaki yang keseleo sakit punggung
39. merat kabur -
nikah 47. melek pasian malam persiapan sebelum
acara hajatan digelar -
48. gambreng cengeng bau yang menyengat
49. tetek buruh khitan
56. gupruk bertengkar ramai bincang, asik mengobrol
berbincang-57. nyekek makan mencekik
58. mahal berat, puas, mantap tak terjangkau
59. mermen melebar -
63. ambeng silahkan dimakan kepung dan jaga 64. mloto besar kepala, sombong lucu
65. kemplong bodoh palu
66. ngaron kwali dari tanah menanak nasi setengah matang sebelum dikukus
67. monyeng kurus -
68. demenan selingkuhan tidak rewel
69. koak
mencangkul atau
kemerahan
82. bongkrek luka bakar atau melepuh bonggol
83. glandir daun ketela rambat -
84. cikri daun kenikir -
85. klowor idiot badanya besar, longgar
86. betem pipi yang cabi beton kluwih
93. cupar pelit tidak percaya pada isteri
94. doso marah mengeluh
95. bongkro rusak tua
96. songkro gerobak sudah tua sekali, usang, rusak
97. membo menjelma, menyerupai -
98. dlondong si anu tinggi besar
99. bajang tidak lebat kecil, kuntet, orok
100. momrot luka akibat kekerasan -
101. kedhik repot sedikit
102. mangas rakus murka
103. laut istirahat samudera, hamparan air yang luas 104. kebo-kebonan diperas tenaganya,
disia-siakan, dipekerjakan
107. kondang amat sangat, tak terhingga gotong royong, hajatan
108. kepyak mengerahkan orang mengumumkan
109. pitik horen ayam potong -
110. pacen sesaji untuk orang
111. ora nggaleboh tidak tahu -
112. kodo keras kepala tidak buta, harus, bodoh
113. purunan keponakan, sepupu malu, mau
114. enyah ini pergi
115. kobokan air untuk mencuci piring panik 116. otah-atuh mengeluh kesakitan -
117. dipoteng-poteng dipisah memotong-motong
ayam
118. rengket dekat, lengket kebanyakan bawaan
119. blendrek memalsukan membuka dengan paksa
120. madal ancang-ancang maju berkilah
121. mbandang lari terjun
122. gasik pagi buta, cepat bersih
123. ogling koplak, gila menancapkan keris
124. tom-tomen ketakutan, trauma terngiang-ngiang
125. cetil pelit gila
126. matean orang yang merebus air di acara hajatan -
127. mendreng tukang kredit -
128. kuneng terbiasa kuning
129. slempitan simpanan papan untuk menjepit
130. manjeng kelunturan masuk
131. temonjo ada hasilnya atau ada wujudnya -
132. nyepatani menyumpahi supaya
133. cekak pendek -
134. metoto bengkak -
135. gandrik halilintar, petir -
136. kiyeng berotot kuat
137. ngasak nencari sisa-sisa,
memulung -
138. tritipen pakaian yang terkena noda -
139. karipan kesiangan mengantuk bergadang semalaman karena
140. monteng oleng bingung
141. diwelehke membalikkan omongan bosan
142. kecis bohong, dusta -
143. lengo gas minyak tanah -
144. dideh darah kental mendidih
145. jo ngasi tak sudi -
146. angkringan warung nasi kucing alat atau gerobak untuk berjualan soto, sate. 147. lhas-lhes bekerja dengan cepat boros
149. mbonggel ngotot -
150. dileleh dibaringkan luluh, sedih
151. nyluruk lari yang tak beraturan terjerembab
152. mbeler bandel, nakal melukai
153. liwat cangking diobatkan kemana saja -
154. diwalek dibanting menyendiri
155. nyetatel mengapit meringkuk
156. cengklek gendong -
157. sikep peluk membawa, bersedia
158. bongkok ikat dahan kelapa
159. emak tidak mau ibu
160. gelorot terjun membawa suguhan dalam
161. mekekelen takut terbahak, kekal, terlalu matang 162. amoh ra amoh tidak karu-karuan baru
163. metotolen kedinginginan -
164. sareh redam sabar
170. kerentepen padat taraf, berjejer
171. ora pinter tidak berbakti bodoh
172. senthet retak panas
173. ndiler tidur ngantuk
174. mrantasi mampu menyelesaikan
semua pekerjaan putus/hampir putus
175. parisiseten parises luka
185. tritikan teras rumah ikat, gambar 186. mercak-mercake membagi-bagi -
187. lurug main atau bertandang ke
rumah teman pergi berperang
188. lorot tarik longsor, pulung
189. senthong gentong tempat air
papan untuk tidur, tempat atau bagian
rumah untuk
mempertemukan pengantin
190. mogatan setelah berniat
191. klejetan kesakitan -
192. mbarep sore, magrib anak pertama, anak
paling tua
193. lireh sayuran lirih
194. maton tetap mencabuti disela-sela padi rumput
195. bedigasan bikin onar -
196. meges sama persis -
197. krenyeh pecundang, penakut -
198. njepaplang telentang membuka tangan
199. nakori mencakar -
A : Lha Kecuk neng ndi? B : Bek kae neng omah.
A : ha…
B : Gek bek awakke
A : Lha ngopo, sayah po piye? B : Umat po pye opo rak reti A : opo sih.
B : Ndas. A : Ngem.
B : he’e. wis kulino.
A : berarti yo<2> opo ono turunane sopo kok. B : pae/
A : sok mak mu laden ning paler ? adang. B : Mboh rak mudheng aku.ra pati galebo an. A : Lha Pae tau rene ro wedho’e/
B : yo rene.
B : He’e/
A : disewakke padi-padi barang? B : Tak takono rak.
A : pye.
B : mboh tenan rak ngerti ngene iki, kan ngene seng jelas kan ngene. Wingi kangdi ko kene ngomong opo, yo ngomong.
A : lha pye.
B : Mbokaku ki tekoni arep duwe gawe, narti rene, ha’a aku ngene. Kono takon ngono, trus bar kuwi
A : Wong disewakke deklit barang-komplit deklit/ B : Kang Di nak opo kabar-kabar rono yo mboh paling yo ora.
A : Kae digedek-gedekke wong di sewakke deklit.sak ngertine kangmu
B : Sak ngertine Kangmu sak omah sak adine ki rak roso raga.Aku ki sak drimo nemplek masalah kabeh tetek bengekke kono kabeh.
A : Makmu sing adang lha seng matean sopo? Seng matean rak dikon golekke makmu san.
B : kene ki rak pak mu rak ragat.
dinganu pa’e wonge ki kodo si, aku yo kodo ngko nak tak tako’i ngko kodo karo kodo di adu yo berat, masalah rak bar-bar/
B : kwi nak masalah kwi aku rak mudeng rak ngurusi pak mu.
A : Wingi kae koyo toklo-toklo kae digowo rono. B : kayu toklo opo sih/
A : kayu sing dibongko’i sing go adang-kayu bakar kaeto wis go rono kabeh.
B : oh: :ngono
A : wes ngai kayu. Bayangake aku ndisik Wan, rak ono wong bojoku oprasi wes rak ono opo-opo men malah saiki ngono, ngomong-ngomong sayah awake golek kyu trus ngrinciki kayu terus saiki. Wong jenenge mantu duite yo rak sak yuto rong yuto kok Wan kene rak an, kene rak ono bentukke blas. Po rak sakit hati jenenge.
B : tapi nak ngomoh sih, rak ngaku sih. A : ah opo dobol kurosatun.
A : Ndabek no.
B : saiki sampean rono kok.
A : aku malah mbededek, ngrasakke ngonoki yo mbededek. Rep lungo aku iki ngantuk ni aku mo mbengi melek-melek to…karo jogo.
B : trus kwe…
A : nganti esuk kok do dolanan kertu
B : lha ngopo jimpitan rak tau dijupuki, rak tau dijupuki rak enthuk kas no.
A : gawehene akeh no. kwe rak nduwe sedetan ra. B : rak nduwe
A : yo ge bahan-bahan. B : bahan opo?
A : yo lemari.
B : kae lemari digelar A : rak karo dipan.
B : po kwe arep pesen dipan? Pesen ngomong tak gawekke kog
A : kayune wong rak nduwe sedetan
B : penting tuku dadi bar kok. Koyo ngene Ndar kae to njero.
A : e…
A : lha kuwi nak dipan piro regane? B : nak koyo gone Ndar kae 550 aku. A : anu wes dadi
B : dadi komplit.
A : dadi komplit-wes plituran-wes tetek mbengek. B : Wes plituran to ya/
A : wes ono galare? B : ha’a..
A : enak meni
B : lha kae gek udan kae tileki monying kamare udan. Sak monokae. Rak masalah modal no iso diubah. Sing penting iso digawe dowo.
A : ki garapane akeh ki. B : He’e
A : garapane ekeh.
B : wes garapane gerek iki, gerek iki to gawe lawang. A : he sok belek mudik rono Wan
B : suk to bar bodo/ A : bar bodo. B : nanggung to ya
A : ko nak mengkono kan tani. B : tani opo?
B : rak ono. Kono neng nggunung ngawur. A : rak ono tanduran pari blas?
B : onone the karo kopi.
A : penen kopi? Lha kowe iso dadi, mborek pari to kwe?
B : go to
A : E…engko kwe nak wes dadi mloto kwe.
B : bedo mengkono bubek kwe. Neng kene kerjo ngene, neng kono kerjo ngono yo wegah.
A : kae nak menurutmu esak ning ndi?
B : Esak ning kene bagi aku. Carane wong tenan golek duite gampang neng kene mengkono gawehene sabak eret-eretan.
A : Sawah?
B : nak ono sawah. A : mbaon?
B : rak ono.
A : kono yo kebon koyo ngene iki. B : tapi tandurane kopi karo cengkeh. A : akeh. lha kono rak ono mbaon? B : rak ono.
B : tanahe bedo. Kene tanahe dewe-dewe rak gawe perlu tani.
A : tanahe dewe-dewe? B : ora tanahe perhutani.
A : kono musim dingin terus rak ono mareng-marengan?
B : yo rak ono to. Rak ono to yo. A : e..
B : eh kwe tau dibel boleng po rak? A : orak.
B : kerjanano.
A : aku dikabari cah-cah kae. Urung ngerti aku barbodo jarene kan.
B : wedo’e wes ning kene? A : he’e
B : rak gelem rene rak gelem bali rak duwe duit. A : lha ko iso nggoto neng sangkan parane kok. B : nak jarene Kalimantan di aku kai ngerti. A : lungo ning parang sangkane. Boro. B : Yakin?
