LIST OF ORAL PRESENTATION
Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions: Its Stabilization and Demulsification
2 Aditya Putranto, Judy Retti Witono, Arlina Purwanti, and Dian Natalia
Osmotic dehydration of Mangifera indica with Zugarramurdi and Lupin method
3 Agung Nugroho, Kiki Yustendi, and Tjandra Setiadi
The Effect Of Cod Concentration On Organic Acids Production From Cassava Ethanol Stillage
4 Aning Ayucitra, Chris Colby Gelatinisation and Retrogradation Properties of Acetylated Corn Starches with Various Degrees of Substitution
5 Aswati Mindaryani, Muhammad
Febrian Kinetics of Air Drying of Cassava starch
6 Bahruddin, Sumarno, Gede Wibawa, Nonot Soewarno
The effect of Maleated Polypropylene on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Dynamically Vulcanized Natural Rubber/Polypropylene Blends
7 Dewi Tristantini Øyvind Borg,Börje Gevert, Anders Holmen
Effect Of Water Addition On Direct Use Of H2-Poor Bio-Syngas
Model In Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over Co/Al2O3 Catalyst
8
Dyah Setia Novianti , Yolanda P. Brondial, Servillano Olano Jr., Junjiro Kawasaki
Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Of Acetone-Toluene-Water With And Without Salt Effect
9 Eden Mariquit , Chris Salim and Hirofumi Hinode
Effect of Ionic Strength on the Adsorption and Photocatalytic Oxidation of Humic Acid at neutral Ph
10
Eka Prasetia Merdika, Joseph Auresenia, Raymond G.R. Tan, Masaaki Suzuki
Control System Design and Modeling on CNT Production using Modified Microwave Oven
11 Enjarlis, Setijo Bismo, Slamet, Roekmijati
Kinetics Degradation of Carbofuran By Ozonation in presence of Activated carbon
12 Hayder A. Abdul Bari Drag Reduction Improvement In Two Phase Flow System Using Traces Of Sles Surfactant
13
Heri Hermansyah,Masaki Kubob, Naomi Shibasaki-Kitakawab, Toshikuni Yonemotob
Rigorous Kinetic Model for Triglyceride Hydrolysis Using Porcine Pancreatic Lipase
14 Ideris A., Zulkali M.M.D., Ahmad
A.L. Production of Simple Reducing Sugars from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Acid Hydrolysis: Optimization Using Response
47
P. Sumardi , Agus Prasetya, Herman Nugraha. S
Adsorption Process At Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Coating In Order To Make Compatible Filler For Polymer
48 Danu Ariono, Mubiar Purwasasmita
And Priyono Kusumo Droplet Size Distribution In Packed Column
49 W. Radziah, A.R. Norazah And L.C. Lim
Influence Of Low Temperature Heated Air Drying On Durian
50 Meer Saiful Hassan and Raymond Lau
Wall Effect Study For Settling Of Different Shape Particles Incylindrical Columns
51 Arief Budiman and Sutijan Multi-component Distillation Column on Material-Utilization Diagram
52 Yazid Bindar, Rully Andrianto E.B., Muhammad Syafi ie
The Use of Root Cause(s) Analysis to Improve the Lacking Capacity of Kaltim-1 s Denaeyer Boiler at PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur
53
Anton Purnomo, Susan Gallardo,
Leonila Abella, Hirofumi Hinode
Effect Of Calcination Temperature On The Catalytic Performance Of Ni/Ce0.1zro2 During Steam Reforming Of Methane
54 M.S. Takriff, and M.A.A. Bakar Three phase Mixing In Oscillatory Flow In Baffled Tube
55
R. Barzin, S. R. Abd Shukor, A. L.
Ahmad
An Overview Of Difficulties In Controlling Intensified Process56
E. Savitri, R.K. Widi, A.
Budhyantoro
The Effect Of Catalyst Ratio On Phenol Hydroxylation By Using Fe-Pillared Bentonite Catalyst
57
Mohd Fadhil Majnis and Syamsul
Rizal Abd Shukor
Control Performances Of Intensified System Using Various Kinds Of Pid Structures
58
C. H. Chong, C. L. Law
Sun Drying Of Ciku (Manilkara Zapota)59
Sri Haryati and Erfina Oktariani
A Study on The Natural Zeolite/Spirituous Ratio Effect to The Yield Rising of Gasoline from Spirituous in Fixed Bed Reactor with Recycling The Bottom Product
60
Sumarno, Nanik Hendrawati, Eva
Oktavia Ningrum
The Application Of Pre-Saturation Technique In The Production Of Polyurethane Foam
Yogyakarta-Indonesia, 4-5
thDecember 2007
Chemical Engineering Department , Gadjah Mada University
A Study on The Natural Zeolite/Spirituous Ratio Effect to The Yield Rising
of Gasoline from Spirituous in Fixed Bed Reactor
by Recycling The Bottom Product
A. SRI HARYATI
a. B. ERFINA OKTARIANI
a
Departement of Chemical Engineering University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia a
Graduate School University of Sriwijaya a
Jalan Padang Selasa N0.524, Bukit Besar, Palembang 30139, Indonesia a
Telp: (0711)352132 – 354222 Fax : (0711) 317202 – 320310 a
E-mail : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The abundant production of gasoline is obtained from petroleum refinery such as hydrocarbons. Generally, gasoline’s compound consists of Paraffin, Olefin, Naphtene and Aromatic. Gasoline has carbon atom number from C4 to C11. The most significant properties of gasoline from petroleum as fuel oil that is octane number and calorific value. Gasoline with high octane has ability to prevent the machine’s knocking, to increase the fuel oil-air mixed ratio, and also to increase machine’s power and efficiency. The purpose of this research is to produce the alternative fuel oil such as gasoline from spirituous feed by using natural zeolite as the catalyst media. The reaction process is occurred in Fixed Bed Reactor by using recycling liquid flow. The effect of natural zeolite/spirituous ratio varies from 0.10 to 0.17 (v/v) is researched. The product, that is gasoline, has better characteristic than gasoline from Pertamina UP III Plaju with octane number 90 and calorific value 18,921 Btu/lb. Yield is obtained up to 51.55%. The gasoline product is analyzed in Pertamina UP III Plaju Laboratory.
Keywords : Hydrocarbons, Gasoline, Natural Zeolite/Spirituous Ratio, Alternative Fuel Oil.
I. INTRODUCTION
There are various of biomass in Indonesia. Bagasse as one of biomass has potency to be processed for bio-oil that can be processed become biofuel. Bagasse has not have value yet to be sold. Bagasse still contains polyscaride that Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen compound are inside. This makes bagasse can be converted potentially to be alternative energy as fuel oil parallel with gasoline from petroleum.
Various efforts has been done by Chemists to produce liquid fuel from bagasse in many ways. The process is occurred with methanol production as intermediate compounds before it is converted becomes biofuel. But there’s also process that convert bagasse to be biofuel directly which is biofuel production used methanol as feed directly with bagasse.
The specific research to find another way for fuel is experiment of gasoline production. This is important because the most user fuel oil is civil society. So the future research’s development affects chemists in the world. The next developments are coal conversion, heavy petroleum, and biomass to gasoline. Methanol is the intermediate product before gasoline fuel is obtained. Methanol conversion to be gasoline is known as MTG (Methanol To Gasoline) process.
The development of MTG process can be seen as last researches. Such as Mobil’s Company in 1975 [1] tried to obtaine gasoline fuel by methanol conversion and this process has been known as MTG. The experiment used ZSM-5 zeolite in Fluidized Bed Reactor at 4150C and 217 kPa. It produces dimethyl ether as intermediate compound and then becomes olefins and next can get the paraffin (alkane) and aromatics. Chang in 1978 [2] is another researcher in Mobile’s Company. He tried to improve the conversion. He used ZSM-5 zeolite in Fluidized Reactor at 450 0C and 221 kPa with yield 40%. The basic change had been done by adding the carbonmonxyde. The purpose is to get the free radical so it can crack the methanol on methyl and then it eill polymerized. This research has infirmity, because it is difficult to make free radical from carbonmonoxyde and also the hydrocarbon product still contained impurities beside the cost is still at high level.
Yogyakarta-Indonesia, 4-5
thDecember 2007
Chemical Engineering Department , Gadjah Mada University
observes two processes. First process is methanol dehydration becomes oxonium ion and methyl oxonium in CSTR. Second process, the agromerisation from methyl oxonium to make gasoline compound in fluidized reactor. Unfortunately, this research need long enough residence time, that is 4.5 hours. It is because adsorbtion process of methanol compound is not good. The time needs more energy uses.
The infirmities from the last researchers are high energy used, bad heat transfer, long residence time, low gasoline yield, complex reactor, and relatively high cost. Those infirmities make in this research use different reactor type and zeolite. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of natural zeolite/spirituous ratio on alternative fuel oil production such as gasoline from spirituous feed in fixed bed reactor.
II. RESEARCH METHODS
The research [5] is using pure experimental method and test analysis. The equipments are arranged and detail flowsheet can be seen as the Fig. 1.1 below.
Fig. 2.1 Process of Gasoline Production Flowsheet
Reactor type has influental in reaction’s quality and quantity of needed reaction. It is because the type of reactor can influence hydrodinamic and thermodynamic process in reactor, then influence the conversion reaction. For catalyst system in fixed bed reactor, the catalyst will be at fluidized condition.
III. RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
Natural zeolite/spirituous can increase zeolit volume in reactor. The zeolite volume’ increasing gives place effect for reaction process, that is caused of adsorption flow increasing. If it is conected to the chemisorption affair, zeolite volume addition in the reactor will give balance condition of adsorbtion.
IV. CONCLUSION
The proportional condition can be obtained in this research is zeolite/spirituous ratio 0.17(V/V) at 3500C for 3 hours with conversion 51.55%. Octane number and calorific value of the research’s product is higher than gasoline from Pertamina. Another factor that can make this product be better is PONA composition Paraffins 54.31%, Oleffin 28.79%, Naphtens 1.93% and Aromatics 14.97%.
REFERENCES
[1] Angevine, P.J., Ph.D., “The Role of ZSM-5 as Catalyst in Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries”, Mobile Research and Development Corporation, USA.
[2] Chang., (1978). [Review of the papers Mobile Research and Development Corporation: From The Role of ZSM-5 as Catalyst in Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries].
[3] Meisel., and Meyer. (1978). [Review of the papers Mobile Research and Development Corporation: From The Role of ZSM-5 as Catalyst in Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries].
