Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

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Applieation of Swirling fluidized bed in Converting Bio oil to Gasoline

by Chin Xi Yi

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Mechanical Engineering)

MAY2010

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar

31750Tronoh Perak Darul Ridzuan

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CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

Application of Swirling fluidized bed in Converting Bio oil to Gasoline

Approved by,

Vija:r R. R<ilghavan ProfesSor

by

Chin Xi Yi

A project dissertation submitted to the Mechanical Engineering Programme

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hons) (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

Mechomic.;:.d Engin..:ering Depactmern

1,.-;nh·er;;;i:.: Tei<.naiorJi r_;,F~--ROt"-lf\S

UNNERSITI

TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK

May 2010

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CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

This is to ceriliY that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons.

CHINXIYI

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ABSTRACT

Swirling fluidized

bed

is proposed to be the reactor in the process of changing the bio-oil into gasoline. Hydrodexoygenation is the main process in changing the bio-oil into gasoline. It is the reaction that happens inside the reactor (swirling fluidized

bed).

During ithe reaction inside the reactor, large amount hydrogen gas is needed. This is due to the reaction require long residence time in the reactor. The excessive hydrogen gas must 'constantly supply to the reactor in order for the bio-oil to react with it. This will result many unreacted hydrogen gas coming out from the reactor. A hydrogen recycle system is developed conceptually to recycle back the hydrogen gas to the reactor. The process flow diagram and the plant flow sheet are determined and parts of the system are identified from the plant flow sheet and process flow diagram. There is 4 parts in the system which is the blower, heater, make-up hydrogen supply system and the piping system. The dimensiouing of the parts will be further discussed in this report.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

.For this project, I would like to reserve the highest appreciation to Prof. Dr. Vijay R Raghavan for his supervision, advice, and guidance during the project period. I also owe my deepest gratitude to Mr Vinod for giving me guidance in this project. Also thanks to Mr. Ahmmad Shukrie Bin Md Yudin for providing useful information and data for the completion of this project. Alongside, I would like to thanks all those involved directly and indirectly in assisting me through this FYP.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION ... !

ABSTRACT ... m

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... iv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Project Background ... 1

1.2 Problem Statement ... 4

1.3 Objective of Study and Scope of Study ... 5

CHAPTER2: LITERATURE REVIEW ... 6

2.1 Biofuel.. ... 6

2.2 Improvement of Bio-oil ...

8

2.1 Hazards Associated with Hydrogen ... 9

CHAPTER3 METHODOLOGY ... 12

3.1 Part Determination ... 12

3.2 Ammmt of Hydrogen Gas needed ... 14

CHAPTER4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION ... 15

4.1 Operating Condition ... 15

4.2 Blower ... 15

4.2.1 Type of Blower ... 17

4.3 Make-up Hydrogen Supply System ... 20

4.4 Heater ... 21

4.5 Piping System ... 23

4.5.1 Suitable Matter for Piping System ... 26

CHAPTERS CONCLUSION ... 29

5.1 Conclusion ... 29

5.2 Recommendation ... 31

REFERENCES ... 32

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