Desain slide ini dadaptasi dari University of San Fransisco
4. Prinsip - Prinsip Pemodelan Visual
SIF15001
Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi
Agi Putra Kharisma, S.T., M.T.
Apakah Yang Dimaksud Dengan Model?
Contoh Model (2)
http://www.animaatjes.nl/wallpapers/auto/mini-cooper/animaatjes-mini-cooper-54871.jpg
Model adalah..
Mengapa Model? (1)
Pemodelan bertujuan untuk:
• Membantu mem-visualisasikan sistem
• Menspesifikasikan struktur maupun perilaku dari suatu sistem
• Sebagai template yang dapat memandu dalam membangun sistem
Mengapa Model? (2)
• Memahami suatu sistem yang kompleks secar menyeluruh adalah hal yang sangat sulit, sehingga dibutuhkan model yang lebih sederhana.
• Membuat sebuah model dapat membantu meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap sistem.
Pentingnya Pemodelan
Paper Airplane Fighter Jet
Software Teams Often Do Not Model
Many software teams build applications
approaching the problem like they were
building paper airplanes
• Start coding
from project requirements
• Work longer
hours and create more code
• Lacks any planned architecture
• Doomed to failure
Modeling is a common thread to successful
projects
Sudut Pandang MDA
• Computational Independent Model (CIM)
Focus is on environment of the system and requirements for the system
• Platform Independent Model (PIM)
Focus is on system operation, independent of platform
• Platform Specific Model (PSM)
4 Prinsip Pemodelan
1. The model you create influences how the
problem is attacked.
2. Every model may be expressed at different
levels of precision.
3. The best models are connected to reality.
4. No single model is sufficient.
Prinsip 1: Pemilihan Model
“
The model you create influences how the problem is
attacked
”
Contoh:
Prinsip 2: Tingkat Kepresisian Yang Berbeda
“Every model may be expressed at different levels of precision.”
Tingkat kepresisian memengaruhi tingkat detail.
Tingkat detail dapat diatur sesuai kebutuhan, tergantung pada: • Siapa yang melihat?
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v208/jwells393/NewAlbum2/StratBPCropped.jpg http://www.wdmusic.co.uk/ekmps/shops/wdmusic/images/strat-body-alder-unfinished-2537-p.jpg
Prinsip 3: Berhubungan Dengan Realitas
“
The best models are connected to reality
”.
Semua model menyederhanakan realitas.
Model yang baik dapat mencerminkan
kemungkinan
Prinsip 4
“
No single model is sufficient
”
Process View Deployment View Logical View Use-Case View Implementation View End-user Functionality Programmers Software management
Performance, scalability, throughput
System integrators System topology, delivery,
installation, communication
System engineering
Analysts/Designers
Structure
Create models that can be built and
UML?
The UML is a language for:
•
Visualizing
•
Specifying
•
Constructing
•
Documenting
the artifacts of a software-intensive
system.
The UML Is a Language for Visualizing
• Communicating conceptual models to others is prone to error unless everyone involved speaks the same language. • There are things about a software system you can’t
understand unless you build models.
The UML Is a Language for Specifying
The UML builds models that are:
• precise
• unambiguous
• complete
The UML Is a Language for Constructing
UML models can be directly connected to a variety of programming languages.
• Maps to Java, C++, Visual Basic, and so on
• Tables in a RDBMS or persistent store in an OODBMS • Permits forward engineering
The UML Is a Language for Documenting
The UML addresses documentation of system architecture,
requirements, tests, project planning, and release management.
Use Case Diagram
Actor A Use Case 1 Use Case 2 Use Case 3 Actor B Class Diagram GrpFile read( ) open( ) c reate( ) fillFile( ) rep Repos itory name : c har * = 0 readDoc ( ) readFile( ) (from Pers is tenc e)
FileMgr fetc hDoc ( ) s ortBy Name( ) Doc umentLis t add( ) delete( ) Doc ument name : int doc id : int numField : int get( ) open( ) c los e( ) read( ) s ortFileLis t( ) c reate( ) fillDoc ument( ) fLis t 1 FileLis t add( ) delete( ) 1 File read( )
read() fill the c ode.. Sequence Diagram user mainWnd fileMgr : FileMgr repository document : Document gFile
1: Doc v iew reques t ( ) 2: fetc hDoc ( ) 3: c reate ( ) 4: c reate ( ) 5: readDoc ( ) 6: fillDoc ument ( ) 7: readFile ( ) 8: fillFile ( ) 9: s ortBy Name ( ) ƯÁ¤¹®¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸±â¸¦ »ç ¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. ÈÀÏ°ü¸®ÀÚ´Â Àоî¿Â ¹®¼ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÇØ´ç ¹®¼ °´Ã¼¿¡ ¼³Á¤À» ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. È¸é °´Ã¼´Â ÀоîµéÀÎ °´Ã¼µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̸§º°·Î Á¤·ÄÀ» ½ÃÄÑ È¸é¿¡ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. Deployment Diagram Window95 ¹®¼°ü¸® Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®.EXE Windows NT ¹®¼°ü¸® ¿£Áø.EXE Windows NT Windows 95 Solaris ÀÀ¿ë¼¹ö.EXE Alpha UNIX IBM Mainframe µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¼¹ö Windows 95 ¹®¼°ü¸® ¾ÖÇø´ ºÐ»ê ȯ°æÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î¹× ³×Æ®¿÷À¸·ÎÀÇ Á¤º¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¿¬°á ¸ðµ¨ - À©µµ¿ì 95 : Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® - À©µµ¿ì NT: ÀÀ¿ë¼¹ö - À¯´Ð½º ¸Ó½Å: ÀÀ¿ë ¼¹ö ¹× µ¥ÀÌŸ ¼¹ö, Åë½Å ¼¹ö - IBM ¸ÞÀÎÇÁ·¹ÀÓ: µ¥ÀÌŸ ¼¹ö, Åë½Å ¼¹ö
Proses Dan Pemodelan Visual
A Language Is Not Enough to Build a System
Modeling
Language
Process
Unified
Team
- Based
Proses Seperti Apa Yang Paling Cocok Dengan UML?
The UML is largely process independent. A process fully benefits from the UML when the process is:
• Use-case driven • Architecture centric
Referensi
IBM - Essentials of Visual Modeling with UML 2.0 - Module 2: Principles of Visual Modeling
Tugas
Baca referensi tentang: - Use case diagram - Activity diagram
Buat use case diagram dan activity diagram yang memodelkan proses KRS di SIAM.
