Country Report Muslim Youth Survey 2010 14Juni2011

(1)

Press Conference

June 14th, 2011

(2)

18 - 26 November 2010

Country Report

MUSLIM YOUTH SURVEY 2010

(3)

Survey Methodology



Population of this survey are Indonesian citizens aged between

15 and 25.



The number of samples are 1496 respondents, who were

selected with multistage random sampling, proportionally

distributed over the 33 provinces.



Margin of error is around +/- 2.6% at 95 percent significance

level.



Selected respondents were interviewed by skilled interviewers.

Every 10 respondents were interviewed by one interviewer



Quality control on the result was carried out randomly on 20%

out of the total samples with strict supervision by LSI HQ.

There were no significant errors found in this survey.

(4)

(5)

DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISON BETWEEN

LSI SAMPLE AND POPULATION (BPS CENSUS)

CATEGORY LSI BPS CATEGORY LSI BPS

Male 50.1 50.0 Islam 88.9 88.2 Female 49.9 50.0 Protestant/Chatolic 9.1 8.9

Others 2.0 2.9 Rural 58.6 59.4

Urban 41.4 40.6 Javanese 40.8 41.6 Sundanese 16.8 15.4 SUMATERA 21.2 21.2 Malay 6.2 3.4 JAWA 59.3 59.3 Madurese 4.1 3.4 KALIMANTAN 5.7 5.7 Bugis 1.8 2.5 SULAWESI 7.1 7.1 Betawi people 3.1 2.5

Others 6.7 6.7 _{Minang people} _2.7 _2.7

Others 24.5 28.5

ZONE

ETHNICITY RELIGION GENDER

(6)

CATEGORY LSI BPS CATEGORY LSI BPS

NAD 1.9 2.0 BALI 1.0 1.5

SUMATERA UTARA 5.7 5.8 NTB 1.6 2.0 SUMATERA BARAT 1.9 2.1 NTT 1.6 2.0 RIAU 1.9 2.2 KALIMANTAN BARAT 2.2 1.9 JAMBI 1.3 1.3 KALIMANTAN TENGAH 0.7 0.9 SUMATERA SELATAN 3.2 3.3 KALIMANTAN SELATAN 1.4 1.5 BENGKULU 0.6 0.8 KALIMANTAN TIMUR 1.4 1.4 LAMPUNG 3.2 3.3 SULAWESI UTARA 0.6 1.0 BANGKA BELITUNG 0.6 0.5 SULAWESI TENGAH 1.3 1.1 KEPULAUAN RIAU 0.6 0.6 SELAWESI SELATAN 3.2 3.4 DKI JAKARTA 3.5 3.3 SULAWESI TENGGARA 0.6 0.9 JAWA BARAT 18.1 17.2 GORONTALO 0.6 0.4 JAWA TENGAH 15.3 14.8 SULAWESI BARAT 0.6 0.5 DI YOGYAKARTA 1.4 1.5 MALUKU 0.5 0.6 JAWA TIMUR 16.7 16.4 MALUKU UTARA 0.5 0.5

BANTEN 4.2 4.1 PAPUA 0.9 1.2

IRJABAR 0.5 0.3

(7)

(8)



What is the national condition from the perspective of the

young generation like? Most of them think that the current

national government and national security are very good/good.

Each reaches 44% and 41% from all respondents. However

most of them think that the current political condition and law

enforcement are very bad/bad, each gets 38%.



In rating the national economic situation now, most of them

think it is very bad/bad (41%), while another bulk thinks that

it is average (40%). In comparison to last year however,

(9)



Living in a country where many problems are still adherent

causes the young generation to be less optimistic about the

future of their country. Most of them see this statement as

sometimes true, sometimes false (39%). A large number

perceive the future as rather optimistic (32%), or rather

gloomy (26%). The mixed answer is especially higher for

young people who live in urban areas and come from a

middle-high educational background.



We may say that the young generation is aware that they live

in economic uncertainty and a political transition right now.

(10)

National condition

Very good/Good Average Very bad/Bad DA/DK

Political condition Law enforcement National security National government

(11)

Future of your country

26

32

39

4

0 25 50 75 100

rather gloomy rather optimistic mixed, sometimes like this, sometimes like

that

DA/DK

(12)

27

100 rather gloomy

rather optimistic

mixed, sometimes like this, sometimes like that

DA/DK

Visualize the Future of The Country by

Rural-Urban

And what about the future of your country (Indonesia)? …(%)

(13)

28

Junior High School Senior High School College/University rather gloomy

rather optimistic

mixed, sometimes like this, sometimes like that

DA/DK

Visualize the Future of The Country by

Education

And what about the future of your country (Indonesia)? …(%)

(14)

0 To become a politician To become famous person To become an artist (singer, etc) To become scientist To become a leader To become rich To become civil servant or military person To become entrepreneur To become a good father/mother

What are your goals and dreams in life? …(%)

Base: Moslem Respondent

(15)



Most of the youth set as their goal to become a

good father/mother (30%).



In terms of their career, many of the youths

want to become entrepreneurs (22%) civil

servants or military personnel (13%). In

society, these two segments of work are often

highlighted in discussions, talk shows, and

other public discourses. An interesting trend is

that more youth aspire to become

entrepreneurs rather than civil

(16)

Religion

What is the source of this trend of opinion:

(17)



In time of economic uncertainty and political transition, youth

find religion as an alternative to hold on to. Probably, religion

somehow offers certainty and guidance on how to act and

behave. This in turn affects on how they see themselves. More

youth see themselves first as

Muslim/Christian/Hindu/Buddhist/Confucianist (religious

(18)



Religious education or socialization is assumed to take up a

central role in shaping the youth’s religious identity. More than

half (52%) say that they did go to Islamic school.



Participation in Islamic rituals are rather regular among youth,

especially in fasting during Ramadhan. The five daily prayers

are only fulfilled by 28.7 % on a regular basis. Practicing

religion in their daily life makes it easier for youth to

(19)

 There is a set of questions in the survey that is directly or indirectly related to the religion of Islam. Answers to these questions may reflect the religious values that they hold.

 Drinking alcoholic beverages and consuming marijuana, many Muslims believe, are prohibited in Islam. Having sex before marriage is strictly forbidden and being gay or lesbian is cursed. On these issues, most Muslim youths have conservative opinions.

 Nearly 89% of them disagree or strongly disagree with the statement

saying that it’s OK to have a beer once in a while. On the usage of

marijuana, 99% of them disagree or strongly disagree. Their

disagreement to have sex before marriage is very high, at 98%; and

their disagreement to the statement of “it’s ok to be gays or lesbian” is

at 99%.

 Religion appears to be an important factor in making decisions of

whom they would marry. 99 percent of them say no to the statement:

(20)

 Another trace of religious conservatism could be found when female respondents were asked of whether they would wear a bikini or

tank-top. Eight out of ten (86%) chose the answer of “Yes, I do mind.” The

male Muslim respondents hold a similar conservatism: 85% of them said that they do mind if their girlfriend or wife wears a bikini or tank-top.

 However, religious conservatism is not solidly built. On three issues – polygamy, sex education in schools, and headscarves – they show a degree of liberalism.

 Polygamy is a boiling issue among Indonesians and draws a lot of controversy. Islam does not prohibit polygamy. In fact, the prophet himself had more than one wife during his life. But the percentage of the Muslim youth who disagree or strongly disagree with the practice of polygamy is very high (85%).

 Is sex education needed in schools? Fifty seven percent disagree or strongly disagree, while 41% say that they somewhat agree or

(21)

 On women wearing the headscarf, there are “only” 38% of those who

say that the headscarf is compulsory [for female Muslims]. The rest have different opinions. Some of them say that it is up to women to decide (21%), it is fashionable (7%), it protects women from glares (18%), and it raises the status of women (9%). The last two might be related to Islam as these two are usually used for buttressing the idea of why Islam requires women to wear a headscarf.

 Their opinion on three canonical issues in Islamic law is also diverse: Cutting off one hand of convicted thieves, the death penalty for

murderers, and the caning of beer drinkers.

(22)

 It is surprising that on these canonical issues the number of youths who are conservative is not as high as expected. But who is more conservative or less conservative? Is there any difference between

those who live in urban areas and those who live rural areas? Does the level of education define their opinion on these issues?

 Our finding shows that there is no big difference between those who live in urban and rural areas. The proportion of the urban youth and

rural youth who agree with “cutting off hand of thieves” are 50% and

48% -- only 2% difference. These proportions are also similar in their

level of agreement with “death for murderers” at 67%. As for the

punishment for beer drinkers, the proportions are 70% and 67% --three percent difference.

 An interesting finding is that college/university education appears to be

influential on the youth’s opinion on the three canonical issues. The

(23)

I see myself first as? …(%)

10.7

40.8 47.5

1.0

0 25 50 75 100

DA/DK Javanese/Sundanese/Bugis/Minang/Dayak

people/Malay (ethnici)

Indonesian Muslim/Christian/Hindhu/Buddhist/Confucianism

(religion)

(24)

42.9

Religion as salient identity

(Based on Gender)

(25)

43.3

Religion as salient identity

(Based on Rural-Urban category)

(26)

Religion as salient identity

(Based on Education)

35.4

(27)

44.5

<400 thousand 400 thousand-<1 million >=1 million

Religion as salient identity

(Based on Income)

(28)

Did you go to Islamic school? …(%)

Base: Moslem Respondent who like to marry somebody from a different faith

47.1

0.8 52.1

0 25 50 75 100

Yes No, never DA/DK

(29)

10.8

59.6

30.2

27.5 30.7

39.7

61.1

8.9

1.2 0.2 _0.3 0.3 0.7 0.2

28.7

0 25 50 75 100

Five daily prayers Read Quran Fast during Ramadhan

always often sometimes never DA/DK

Participation in Islamic rituals

How often are you able to fulfill all five daily prayers? How often do you read the Quran?

Do you fast during Ramadhan?…(%)

(30)

Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with these statements? …(%)

Base: Moslem Respondents

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

while if one doesn’t t get

It’s ok to use soft drugs like marihuana

It’s ok to have sex before marriage

It’s ok to watch pornographic

movies

It’s ok to be gays or lesbian

strongly agree somewhat agree somewhat disagree

strongly disagree DA/DK

(31)

0.4 1.4 4.1 0.6 88.8

99.2 98.3 _95.7 98.9

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 while if one

doesn’t t get

drunk.

It’s ok to use

soft drugs like marihuana

It’s ok to have

sex before marriage

It’s ok to watch

pornographic movies

It’s ok to be

gays or lesbian agree

disagree

DA/DK

(32)

Sex-education

30.4 34.3

22.9

1.5 11.0

0 25 50 75 100

strongly agree somewhat agree

somewhat disagree

strongly disagree

DA/DK

Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with this statement: Sex-education is needed in schools? …(%)

(33)

Would you like to marry somebody from a different faith? …(%)

90.1

0.6 9.3

0 25 50 75 100

Yes No DA/DK

(34)

(If “Yes”) What do you do to your partner ? …(%)

Base: Moslem Respondent who like to marry somebody from a different faith

69.7

1.6 1.6

27.0

0 25 50 75 100

my wife/husband could keep her/his religion

my wife/husband would have to convert

to my faith

I follow faith of my husband/wife

DA/DK

(35)

(Female respondent only) Would you like to wear bikini or tanktop ? …(%)

Base: Female Moslem Respondent

Wear bikini or tanktop

84,6

(Female respondent only) I would like to wear bikini or tanktop?

(Male respondent only) It would be ok with me if my girlfriend/wife wear bikini or tanktop sometimes ?

Yes, I do mind No, I don't mind DA/DK

(Male respondent only) Would you mind if your girlfriend/wife wear bikini or tanktop

(36)

Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with this statement: Polygamy is ok ? …(%)

12.7

52.9

32.9

0.6 0.8

0 25 50 75 100

strongly agree somewhat agree somewhat disagree

(37)

What do you think about the headscarf? …(%)

Headscarf

it oppresses women women should not wear headscarf it is up to the husband/father to decide it depends on the situation (home, workplace,

gathering, uni

(38)

10.8 _8.4

Cutting off the hands of Death for murderers Who drinks beer should be

Strongly agree somewhat agree somewhat disagree

(39)

Cutting off the hands of convicted thieves by

Rural-Urban

5.4

42.0 45.6 42.4

46.7

Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with these statements: Cutting off the hands of convicted thieves? …(%)

(40)

Death for murderers by Rural-Urban

10.6

56.2 56.1

30.5 30.3

1.1 1.3 2.9 _0.2

10.9

0 25 50 75

100 _{Strongly agree}

somewhat agree

somewhat disagree

strongly disagree

DA/DK

Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with these statements: Death for murderers ? …(%)

(41)

Who drinks beer should be caned by Rural-Urban

Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with these statements: Who drinks beer should be caned ? …(%)

(42)

6.7 7.1 7.3

42.5 42.7 42.8

28.3

47.1 _45.5 _45.0

57.3

<= Elementary Junior High School Senior High School College/University Strongly agree

somewhat agree somewhat disagree

Cutting off the hands of convicted thieves by

Education

Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with these statements: Cutting off the hands of convicted thieves? …(%)

(43)

11.2 10.9 14.6

54.5 57.5 57.2

38.4

Junior High School Senior High School College/University Strongly agree

somewhat agree

DA/DK

Death for murderers by Education

Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with these statements: Death for murderers ? …(%)

(44)

8.4 9.1

<= Elementary Junior High School Senior High School College/University Strongly agree

somewhat agree

DA/DK

Who drinks beer should be caned by Education

Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with these statements: Who drinks beer should be caned ? …(%)

(45)

(46)

 Getting involved in politics is not something that is appealing to the youth. Those who say that it is fashionable consist of 46%. Broken down into a more specific question of whether they are interested in politics, 41% of them say that they have little interest. And another 29% even say that they do not have any interest at all. Those who are interested or are highly interested in politics – combined – are only 29%.

 Television is the main medium from where the youth find or learn

about political issues (they could answer more than one). No less than 74% of them use television as a source of political information.

Newspapers are the second medium for them as a source of political information. Consecutively, the other sources of information are school (24%), the internet (nearly 20%), and family (19%).

 That television has become the main source of political information for the youth seems to be the case for Indonesia. Several other national surveys organized by LSI in 2009 and 2010 also show a similar

(47)

 The youths follow political news on particular issues. Local elections (28%), political scandals (25%), and national elections (17%) are events that they follow regularly. These domestic events attract more of their attention than international events or issues such as ASEAN news, the Palestine conflict, and politics in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

 The fact that most of them have little or no interest in politics does not necessarily mean that they are indifferent about what is good or bad for democracy. For example, they agree or strongly agree that people have the power to change the government they do not like (73%

combined). In other words, they have a high degree of trust on

democratic institutions and feel that they can influence political affairs. At the same time, they also believe that money defines political

success (64%). They also maintain a view that an opposition party is needed for a good democracy (66%). The majority of the youth (89%) agrees or strongly agrees on the freedom of speech – which is an

(48)

 Their view on politics may be naïve. However, at least normatively, democratic values seem to be rooted in the heart of the youth.

 In addition, the Muslim youth is not gender-biased since most of them (72%) disagree with a statement saying that a woman cannot be a good leader for our country.

 It must be noted that there is some inconsistency because 62% of them agree that a strongman should bring order to our country. It does not really fit with democratic values because a strongman may override democratic norms or rules. We cannot push this interpretation too far, however. A strongman could have a different meaning for the youth.

 On whether the government treats race/ethnic group equally, the majority or 83% of the youth have a positive opinion and agree that the government does. Measurement of government performance may involve many aspects. But on this particular issue, only a small portion of the youth thinks that the government does a bad job in treating

(49)

How interested would you say you are in politics? …(%)

23.1

41.4

28.9

1.1 5.5

0 25 50 75 100

highly interested interested little interested not at all interested

(50)

where do you find out the problems about politics? …(%)

Know about Politics

(51)

What political events do you follow regularly? …(%)

Political Events Follow Regularly

2.1 The situation in Iraq, Afghanistan and

Pakistan

(52)

11.6 the power to

change a cannot be a good leader

of our country

People should be free to speak

up and to demonstrate

for their convictions

a strong man should bring

order to our country

(53)