ABSTRAK
Hipertensi merupakan suatu keadaan terjadinya peningkatan tekanan darah. Hipertensi Sistolik Terisolasi (HST) yang sering terjadi pada lansia. Prevalensi HST tertinggi di Kota Subulussalam terjadi di Puskesmas Penanggalan sebesar 23,8%. HST perlu mendapatkan perhatian dan penanganan yang baik, mengingat prevalensinya yang tinggi dan komplikasi yang berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh obesitas, konsumsi garam, aktifitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok dan stress psikososial pada Lansia di Kecamatan Penanggalan.
Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik rancangan case control study dengan populasi semua lansia yang menetap di Kecamatan Penanggalan. Sampel sebanyak 89 kasus dan 89 kontrol, diambil dengan teknik nonprobability sampling secara purposive, dianalisis dengan regresi logistik berganda pada α = 5%.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lansia berumur 60-74 tahun (84,3%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (56,2%), pendidikan tamat SD (55,1%) dan bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga (43,8%). Variabel obesitas OR=3,10 (95%CI;1,65-5,83), aktifitas fisik dengan OR=1,97 (95%CI;1,04-3,72), dan konsumsi garam (natrium) dengan OR=2,15 (95%CI;1,14-4,09) berpengaruh terhadap kejadian HST. Variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kejadian HST adalah obesitas.
Agar petugas kesehatan melakukan upaya promotif melalui penyuluhan dan membentuk Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (POSBINDU), sehingga menjadi wahana bagi lansia untuk mengontrol tekanan darah agar hipertensinya terkendali, melakukan upaya pencegahan primer dengan olah raga teratur seperti senam lansia, menghindari konsumsi makanan tinggi natrium dan menjaga berat badan.
Kata Kunci: Risiko, Hipertensi Sistolik Terisolasi, Lansia
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ABSTRACT
Hypertension is a condition in which the increase of blood pressure. Isolated Systolic Hypertension (HST) blood pressure often occurs in old people. The highest prevalence of HST at Subussalam occurs at Penanggalan Puskesmas is 23.8%. HST needs serious attention and good handling because of its high prevalence and serious complication. The objective of the research was to find out the influence of obesity, salt (sodium) consumption, physical activities, smoking habit, and psychological depression in old people in Penanggalan Subdistrict.
The research used observational analytic method with cross sectional design. The population was all old people who domiciled in Penanggalan Subdistrict. The samples consisted of 89 cases and 89 controls, taken by using non-probability sampling technique purposively, and the data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis at α = 5%.
The result of the research showed old people 60-74 years (84,3%), female (56,2%), primary school education (55,1%) and worked as a housewife (43,8%). Variable obesity
It is recommended that health care providers perform promotion effort through counseling and establish POSBINDU as the facility for old people to control blood pressure so that the hypertension can be controlled. It is also recommended that they perform primary prevention by conducting regular exercises such as gymnastic for old people, avoid consuming food with high sodium, and keep their weight stable.
with OR = 3.10 (95%CI; 1.65-5.83), physical activities with OR = 1.97 (95%CI; 1.04-3.72), and salt (sodium) consumption with OR = 2.15 (95%CI; 1. 14-4.09) influenced the incidence of HST. The variable which had the most dominant influence on the incidence of HST was obesity.
Keywords: Risk, Isolated Systolic Hypertension, Old People
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