158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1896

3.

Adult

males alike at all seasons,

young

of the year^different: Geothlypis, Sylvaniacanadensis, ^S.pusilla, Setophaga,Helmintho- philapinm,

H.

ruficapilla, Dendroica cestiva, D. _virens, D.cceru- lescens,

D.

_vigorsii,

D.

_tigrina, D._discolor, Compsothlypis.

Regarding ^afew I ara in donbt.

Sofar as I know, no Warblers molt^the flightfeathers in spring, nordo the

young

^molt

them

with their firstplumage.

Mniotilta varia(Linn.). Blackand WhiteWarbler.

Plumages

^: first, firstwinter, nuptial, adultwinter.

31ale,

— _{The worn}

condition of the

plumage

^{of some birds would}

indicatethat the spring moltisnotascomplete^asinmost Warblers.

Some

individuals donotmolt thetertialsatthis time while others certainly do.

The plumage

^{of thefirst winterhas}only the ^sidesof the

body

^streaked

and

thestreaksdull.

The

adult winter

plumage

isas heavily

marked

asthe nuptial^dress but has the throatwhite.

Female.

— Remains

inthe

plumage

^{ofthe first winter.}

Helmintliophilapinus(Linn.). Blue-winged^AVarbler.

Plumages: first, first winter, ^first nuptial, adult _winter, adult nuptial.

Male.

—

_Spring birds are always

much worn

on the tertials

and

back, and probably have only apartial spring ^molt.

The

_yellow cap^iswanting ^{in the firstwinter, thelores are dull} andtheunder surface _quite dull.

Some

_spring males are dull

and

_tinged ^with

olivebelow, with the cap ill-defined, these I take to be first year birds. Adultsare brilliant yellow.

Female.

—

Like male, with the

same

two forms of springplumage.

Helmintliophila chrysoptera(Linn.). Golden-winged^Warbler.

Apparently ^the

same

_plumages as theabove.

What

I taketobe the

plumage

^{of thefirst spring istinted} with yellow below.

The

femalehas the black replaced by gray.

Helminthopliilaruficapilla(Wils.). Nashville Warbler.

Plumages

^: first, first winter, nuptial, adult winter.

The plumage

^{of thisspeciesshowsstill}

more

abrasion _{in spring,}

and

there would seemto belittle orno _spring molt at this season, afterthefirstyear. Birdsin the firstwinter lack thepure gray on the head,

and show

^littleornochestnut on the _cap.

Helminthophila peregrina⁽Wils.). Tennessee Warbler.

Apparently^{has the}same

number

of plumages and ^{molts asthe}

last. Spring^{birds are}

much

worn.

1896.]

NATURAL

SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

159 Helmitherusvermivorus (Gmel.). Worm-eating^AVarbler.

Plumages

^{: first,} winter, nuptial.

There isscarcely

any

^{variation in the}

plumage

^{of this species}

afterthenestling stage. Spring^birds

show

but littleabrasion.

Compsothlypisamericana(Linn.). Parula Warbler.

Plumages

^{: first,first} winter, nuptial, adultwinter.

The

_springmolt is probably ^notvery marked, ^{asthe birds}

show much

abrasion. Fall adultshave thebreastmarkingsfringed with yellow, which is lost

by

^the breeding ^season.

How much

varia- tion there is in the nuptial

plumage

^{I cannotsay. I} had thought the dark-breasted individuals to be birds of the second or third year, but Mr. Brewster ^has

shown

that they represent a geogra- phical^{race, C.} americana^usnece. Perhaps ^theyounger birds of this racewillstill befound to be lighter colored.

Dendroicatigrina (Gmel.). CapeMay^Warbler.

Plumages

^{: first, first} winter, nuptial, adult winter.

A

_{nearlycomplete} spring molt of

body plumage

takes place the

first spring,and agood ^deal of abrasionfollows during

May,

^which brings out the spots on the back and throws allthe markings ^into stronger ^contrast. Birds in the first winter are very ^dull and tinged with gray, while adults in winter diflTer little from _spring birds, except that^all thefeathers are broadly bordered ^{with olive-} grayor yellow. This

plumage

changes ^to the adult nuptial ^dress wholly

by

^abrasion,

which

isverystrongly

marked

inspring ^adults.

Dendroicasestiva (Gmel.). YellowW'arbler.

Plumages

^: first, firstwinter, nuptial, adultwinter.

Thereisa complete molt ^of

body

^{feathersthefirst}spring,butit is

probably^{not soextensive in} subsequent years,as

some

spring birds

show

that thetertials havenot been renewed.

Young

^{in firstwin-}

ter arevery ^dull, with the top of the head _{quite green.} Adults in winter arescarcely distinguishablefrom_spring birds.

Dendroicacaerulescens (Gmel.). Black-throatedBlueWarbler.

Plumages

^{: first, first winter,} nuptial,adult winter.

The

freshness of the _flight feathers in some _spring specimens seems to indicate that they are sometimes renewed with therest of the springplumage. Othersare so

worn

_{that they}probably molted butlittle at thistime.

Most

fall adults havewhite edgings^to the throatfeathers,but others are absolutely indistinguishablefrom the the freshest spring specimens. Females are always ^{in the}

brown

HiO

PKOCEEDIXGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

_[1896.

plumage,^{like the males in thefirst} winter.

One

old_(?) specimen

(May

^{19, Coll. A.X.}S., No. _29,592)isquite gray^above.

Dendroica ooronata_(Linn.). MyrtleWarbler.

Plumages,first, firstwinter, nuptial, adult winter, adult _nuptial.

A

_good seriesof winter and_springexamples ^{of this}species from southern

Xew

_Jerseyshows_{the spring}molt verysatisfactorilv.

The

entire

plumage

^{of the head and breast is renewed as well as the} greater part of the iuterscapulum.

The

tertials are not molted.

Old _{birds, in fall,}have

more

or lessgray ^feathers on the back and black centered featherson the breast, but they ^allcontinueto molt

in spring.

A

_spring bird, whichItake to be of the second or third year, has the black on the breast uniform, not broken

up

by white edgings^to thefeathers.

Dendroica maculosa(Gmel.). Magnolia^Warbler.

Plumages

^{andmolts as in thelast. Adults inwinter} difler from birdsof the year ⁱⁿthe heavystripes on the sides of the bodv, and large black centers to feathers of the back. Spring ^{birds of the} second or third year havethe interscapulumsolid black,^allthe

way

to theyellow rump.

Dendroica pensylvanica(Linn.). Chestnat-sided Warbler.

Plumages, first, ^fii-st winter, nuptial, adult winter.

Spring molt^rather

more

extensive than in the last two _species, andthe adult infallalways

more

distinctfromthe nuptialplumage, only difiering from the bird of theyear ⁱⁿ the chestnut _stripes on thesides.

The

tertialsare notrenewedinspring.

Dendroicacaernlea_(Wils.). Cerulean Warbler.

According ^{to theBritish}

Museum

_Catalogue, thewinter adult is practically like the springbird, so that the plumages ^{will be as in} D. ccemle^eens.

Dendroica castanea_(Wils.). Bay-breasted Warbler.

Exactly^like

D.

pensylvanica ⁱⁿ

number

and relations of plum- age.

Dendroicastriata(Forst.), Black-poU^Warbler.

Plumages, first, first nuptial, ^first winter, adult _winter, adult nuptial.

This_species,unlike the preceding,renews the tertials in spring.

^^ hat Itake to be thefirst nuptial

plumage

shows remains of the olive winter dress on the crown and sides of the neck. Adults