188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

Table ofmeasurementsinhundredths oflength toanus

—

^Continued.

Albatross station..

.

Total length,mvi.-- Len^thtoanus,mm

.

Length,head Length,orbit Width,interorbital

.

Orbitto preopercle.

Length, snout Length, maxillary.

.

Length, barbel

4967 129 44 62.5 25

4967 137 34 63 28 21

34 U.5

4967 127

4967 4967

134 141

35.5^I 36

67 66

4967 131 42

4967 144 35 63 29 20 29 14 36 14

20. HYMENOCEPHALUS LETHONEMUS (Jordan andGilbert).

Hymenocephalus lethonemus Jordan and Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comra., 1902 (1904), p. G15, textfigure.

A^Ibatross

station.

4918- 4919.

4968.

5059.

5060.

5060.

5067.

Generallocality.

Eastern Sea do

Offeast coast ofHondo

.

SurugaGulf do ...do do SagamiBay UrugaStrait

Depth

ro.2149.

JAPANESE MACROUROID FWIIES— ^GILBERT AND

IIVBBB. 189 TahJeofmeasurementsinhundredthsof lengthtoanus.

Albatross station Total length,mm

Lengthtoanus,mm

Length,head Length,orbit Width,interorbital Width, suDorbital Orbitto preopercle Length, snout Length, maxillary Depth,body Anustoventral Ventraltogillmembrane Height, seconddorsalspine Height, thirddorsalray Length,firstdorsalbase Interdorsalspace Length,firstpectoralray Length, secondpectoralray Length, thirdpectoralray Length, outer ventral ray Length, second ventral ray Gill-rakers,lower limb, second arch.

4919 180+

49.5 67 23

50G0 1122 45 63 20 20 9 30 19 33 40 33.5 37

4919

1182

50 67 20 20 9 30 22 36 40

4919 177 49 65 19 20 8.5 29 19 34 43

1Asmallpseudocaudaldeveloped.

Genus

MALACOCEPHALUS

Gunther.

M

aZacocephalusdiffersfromLionurus,,andthe other generaofthe Coryphaenoidinae with seven branchiostegal rays, in the dentition andinthe profusebranchingof thenumerouspyloriccaeca. Teeth biserialinupper jaw;miiserial inlower jaw.

21.MALACOCEPHALUSNIPPONENSIS, newspecies.

Plate9,fig.2.

Type-specimen.

—

460

mm.

long (a small pseudocauctal developed), fromAlbatrossstation 4967, offtheeast coast ofcentral Hondo, ^at adepth of 244to253fathoms;Cat.No. 76866,U.S.N.M.

Comparison of specimens fromthe

Hawaiian

Islands, Japan,and thePhilippine Islandsindicatesthe presence of threespecies inthe PacificOcean, oneineachlocalitymentioned. Althoughw^ehaveno specimens of

M.

laevis,the Atlanticspecies,itseems unsafetoidentify any one ofthePacific species with it, as certain differencesappear in the descriptions.

The

relationships of the species are indicated in the followingkey

:

a\ Snoutshortbluntandlow, itsbonytipon ahorizontal through lower edge of pupil;preoral length ofsnout3.7in postorbital length ofhead;dorsal raysII, 10;pectoral rays, 16or 17; finsuniformly dusky;teethmuch

strongerthaninother species M.species (PhilippineIs.).

a^ Snout morepointedandhigher, thebonytipon ahorizontal throughupper partof pupil;preoral length of snout,2.2to2..5 inpostorbital length of head.

b\ Eye less than two-thirds postorbital lengthof head; ventralfins uni- formblacki.sh.

c\ Dorsal raysII,11 or 12; pectoralrays 17or 18; ventral fossa (before anus) triangular, larger; pectoralmorethanhalf as longashead.

laevis.

190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.

tol. 51.

c". Dorsal rays II, 10; pectoral rays 20; ventral fossa (before anus) smaller,round;interorbitalwider than eye;pectorallessthanhalf

as long as head nipponensis.

b\ Eye morethantwo-thirds postorbital length of head; ventrals with a lightbaseand ablackish tip;dorsalraysII,11to13;pectoralrays 19 or 20; ventral fossa round; interorbital narrower than eye

;

pectoral half as long as head haioaiiensis.

When

compared directly with paratypes of

M.

haivaiiensis^ the typeof

M.

nippo7iensisisfoundto diiler inthefollowing characters

:

The

eye smaller, thehead longer, especially the postorbital length;

theinterorbital wider; the maxillary longer; the snout longer; the spinules of the scales

more

numerous, more densely crowded and shorter;thesoftdorsalrays fewer,10,instead of11 to13;andinthe uniformcolorationof theventralfin. Thesedifferencesarebrought outinthetableofmeasurements,and havebeenverified infourcom- parable paratypes of31.hawaliensis.

Nothingcan besaidoftherelationships of

M.

nipponeTisiswiththe species foundintheIndian Ocean, andidentified with

M.

laevisby Alcock^{^}and Brauer.^

DorsalII, 10; ventral, 9; pectoral,20; 15 scalesabovelateralline.

Contoursofbodylittlearched.

Head

rather pointed; snout high, itsbonytipabovemiddleof eye;preorallengthofsnout2.2in post- orbitallength of head_; preocular length ofsnout 0.4in head;orbit, 3.25; interorbital space wider than orbit; preopercular angle pro- duced backward,the angle sharplyrounded;

mouth

large,themaxil- lary half as long as head; teeth uniserial in lower jaw, becoming irregularat the symphysis, and similar to but less strongly curved than those ofthe outer premaxillaryseries, whichisthestrongerof thetwopremaxillaryseries;theteethaboutas in

M.

hawaliensis,but

much

smallerthaninthe Philippinespecies,the longest one-tenthas long as orbit; barbel slender, one-third the orbit; branchiostegals seven; about nine short, movable, spinigerous gill-rakers on the lowerlimbofthe outerarch.

Scales small, with numerous (about 20 to 30) small, suberect spinulesarrangedin quincunx order in adiamond-shaped patchon eachscale;thesespinulesmore numerous, morecrowded,andshorter than in either larger or smaller specimens of

M.

hawaiiensis.

An-

terior curve oflateral linelow, about1.5times as longasthe head.

Gular

membrane

naked; a series of scales on the branchiostegal

membrane

overeach ray;inneredge of shouldergirdlemostlyscaled, as intheotherPacific species.

1Gilbert,Bull.U.S.FishComm.,1903(1905),pt.2,p.677,fig.265.

2Alcocl{,Ann.Mag.Nat. Hist. (6),vol. 4,1889,p.398,and(6),vol. 8,1891,p.123;A

Descriptive CatalogueoftheIndianDeep-SeaFishes, 1899,p.119.

^Brauer,dieTiefsee-Fische,p.270.

NO. 2140.

JAPANESE MACROUROID FISHES— GILBERT AND HVBDS.

191

The

numerouspyloric caecaareprofuselybranched.

Anus midway

between anal and ventrals.

A

small, round, naked fossa between ventrals, itsdiameter one-fourth that oforbit, separatedby ascaly regionfromtheovalnakedareasurroundingtheanus.

The

stomachcontained theremainsoftheeyesofacephalopod.

First dorsal spine sharp, the second spine 1.45 times as long as orbit,not greatly strengthened,its anterioredgerounded, separated by a well

marked

longitudinal groove

from

the rest of the spine;

base offirst dorsal nearlyaslongasthesnout,about half theinter- dorsalspace. Pectorals nearly half aslongas head. Outer ventral rayaslongas orbit,withashortfilament.

Colorlight

brown

above,silveryonthesides,shadingintoblackish on belly. Lining of buccal cavity white; that of branchial cavity wdiite, with a blackish band just within thenarrow whitishborder oftheopercular

membrane

_;gular

membrane

blackish;branchiostegal

membrane

gray,punctate; peritoneumsih'ery. Dorsalfins, ventral, and pectoral Iblack; anal whitish, punctate, and margined with blackish.

Onlythetypeknown.

TableofmcasKrcDients inhundredthsof length^to anus.

Albatross station Total length,mm

Lengthtoanus,mm

Length,head Length,orbit Width,interorbital Width,suborbital Orbittopreoperclc Length,snout Postorbital length,head Length, maxillary Length, barbel Depth,body Width,body Anustoanal2

Anusto ventral Ventral to isthmus Height,seconddorsalspine.

Height,third dorsalray Length,firstdorsalbase Interdorsalspace Length,pectoral fin Length,firstpectoral ray....

Length,secondpectoralray.

Length,third pectoralray.. .

Length, outer ventral ray.. .

Length,second ventralray..

Soft rays,firstdorsal Ventral rays Gill-raters,lowerlimb

Type. Paratypes,ALhawaiiensis.

4967 1406 77

4134 340+

69 85 31 26 10 37 23 35 40.5 13.5 74 44 7.5 17 29

4134 330+

66 84.5 29 28 9 36 24.5 36 40 16 42.5 10 17

4134 285+

53 86.5 31 29 9 39 24 36.

5

42 17 84 39 9 16.5 27

1Apseudocaudal developed.

2In thefigure ofthetypeofH.hawaiiensistheanusisrepresentedasremotefromthe analas inthetype ofM.nipponensis.

192

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.

vol.51.

Genus

LIONURUS

Gunther.

LionurusGunther, ChallengerReports,vol.22, Deep-SeaFishes, 1887, pp.

124,141.

—

Jordanand Evermann,FishesofNorthandMiddle America, vol.3, 1898,p.2592 (fllkaHda).

NezumiaJordan,inJordanandStarks, Bull. U. S.Fish Com., 1902 (1904), p. 620.

—

^McCuLLOCH,Records Australian]Mus.,vol.G,pt. 5,1907,p.34

{condylura).

IMacruroplus Bleeker, Typi non nulligenericipisciumneglecti, Verslagen en Mededeelingen der k. x\.kademie van Wetenscliappen, Amsterdam, (2),vol.8,1874,p. 369; leasedon MacrotirusserratusLowe, aspecies notidentifiedbyother authors. Lowe'sshort description indicates that his species isprobablyreferable to this genus. IfAI.serratus isever recognized, and proves to belong to the present genus, the name MacruroplusmustreplaceLionurus.

This genusashere characterizedis veryextensive, includingmost of thespeciesofCoryphaenoidinae which haveseven branchiostegal rays.

The

other genera with seven branchiostegal rays are closely related to Lionurus.

They

are: ]\Ialacoce2:)hMus, Mataeocephxilus^

Trachonurus., and Cetonurus.

The

species ofLionurus vary within widelimits.

On

theone

hand

arespecies closelyresemblingMalaco- cephalus.,witha large,subterminalmouth,the maxillariesmore than one-third the length ofthe head, and other characters indicating a natural group. These species are as follows: L. lucifer, L. nigro- mffculatus, L. atherodon, L.petersoni^L. occidentaUs.,L.garmani, L.

ctenomelas, L.misal'ia., andL. ma(yfonema.

On

theother

hand

is a serieswith a smallmouth, the maxillaries being decidedly lessthan one-third the length of thehead (exceptinL.stelgidolepis).

At

one endofthis seriesofsmall-mouthedformsarethe

more

typical species, such as L. hairdii, L. aequaUs, and L. sclerorhynchus., with conical projectingsnoutand slender form,with the ventrals containing but few raysandlocatedbelow thepectorals, andwith the origin of the analbehindthefirstdorsah

At

theotherendof theseriesare species in whichsomeor allofthe following modificationsare

shown

:

An-

terior profileof snout subvertical; formrobust; base of first dorsal oblique; ventrals far anterior to pectorals; origin ofanalunderfirst dorsal base;andthe ventralsAvithanincreased

number

ofraj^s.

Two

species, L. parvipes and L. cefo7iuropsis, are evidently related to Cefonurops, asdiscussed in detail in the description of L. cetonu- ropsis. Fivesj^ecieswithsmoothscales are groupedinthe subgenus Lionurus., as originally proposed by Giinther. Generic rank is not assigned

them

because thegroupischaracterized onlybythesmooth scales (acharacterwhich

may

^haA'ebeen independently derivedinthe different species). Moreover, the^scalesof the head arespinigerous in L.liolepis.

The

dorsalspineissmoothorweaklyarmedinthesubgenus Lionu- rus. All thespeciesofLionurus withrough scalesareprovisionally

NO.2149.

JAPANESE MACROUROID FISHES— GILBERT AND

IIUBBS. 193 referredtothesubgenus Nezumda,which

was

originallyproposedto includespecies with an increased

number

of ventral rays.

But

the ventral raysvaryin different species, withallintermediatenumbers, from5 to17.

22. LIONURUSGARMANI (JordanandGilbert).

Coryphaemides garmani JokdanandGilbert, Bull. U.S.FishComm.,1902 (1904),p. 610, textfig.—Fkanz, Abh. math.-pliys. kl.k. Bayer. Akad.

der Wissensch.,vol.4, Suppl.Bd.1,1910, p. 26.

—

Jordan and Thomp- son,Mem.CarnegieMuseum,vol.6,pt.4,1914,p.306.

Albatross station.