METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH
This research the researcher described about the description of the research design, location and time of the research, focus of the research, population and sample, instrument of the research and procedure of collecting the data, technique of data analysis.
A. The Research Design
Based on the problems to be studied, the type of research that will be used in this research is quantitative. Quantitative research design is a clear operationalization of concepts and can be structured as assessment, development, theory construction, description or causality.23.
In this study, the authors used a survey method with a quantitave approach (quantitave research). According to john W. Creswell, quantitative research is a type of educational research decide what to study; ask specific and narrow questions;
collect quantifiable data from participants; anlyze these numbers using statics, and conduct investigations objectively and objectively.24
B. Location and Duration of the Research
This research was conducted at SMAN 10 Pinrang. The location of this school is, Desa lerang ,Kab. Pinrang Sulawesi Selatan, 91272. This research was conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak so it was conducted online. The researcher examined twelve-grade students. In this study, researchers will provide questions to the sample via geogle form or whatshaap, because the current situation does not allow
23Moh. Kasiram, Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif-Kualitatif (malang: UIN Maliki Press, 2008). p. 173
24 John W. Cresswell. “Educational Research”. ( New Jersey: Person Prentice Hall, 2008), P.
46
researchers to provide questionnaires directly due to the pandemic Covid-19 . This research will take one month.
C. Population and Sample 1. Population
The population is the overall target that should be studied and in that population the research results are applied25.
The population of this study is in class XII students’ of SMAN 10 Pinrang where class XII is divided into four classes.
Table 3.1 The table of student population of twelve grade Sma 10 Pinrang
No Class Male Female Total Total of
population
1. XII Mipa 1 20 17 27
2. XII Mipa 2 15 16 30 108
3 XII Mipa 3 14 15 29
4 XII Ips 9 13 22
2. Sample
Based on population , the research used purposive sampling. The purposive sampling it means to show the sampel characterictics or certain properties that are considered have a close relation to the characteristic. Sample was portion of the number and characteristics posessed by the population.26 According to Sugiyono that:
“purposive sampling is a technique of sampling data source with certain
25Moh. Kasiram, Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif-Kualitatif (malang: UIN Maliki Press, 2008). p. 257
26Nana Sudjana And Ibrahim , Penelitian Dan Penilaian Pendidikan ( Jakarta: Sinar Baru Algensido, 2001), P. 96-97
considerations.27 The researcher uses purposive sampling because class XII Mipa 2 had the largest number of students’ namely 30 students’ and this was considered to be able represent the entire population.
D. Instrumen of the research 1. Observation
Researchers conducted interviews with English teachers at the research location to find out the conditions at school and the situation of the learning process that took place during this pandemic.
2. Documentation
Documentation is one of the techniques used to collect data through systematic direct recording of what is stored in the office. Documentation is an instrument of data collection through documents in an agency regarding information about the conditions needed in research. Researchers collect data obtained from the research location in the form of data and notes regarding the state of the research location.
3. Questionnaire
Questionnaire is a technique of indirect data collection (the research does not directly ask questions with respondents). Instruments or data collection tools are called questionnaires that contain a number of questions or statements that must be answered by respondent. The answer to each research instrument uses a modified Likert scale with 5 alternative answer is strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, strongly disagree.28 The percentage of the students’ answer by using the formula of likert scale as followed:
27sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (bandung: alfabeta, 2018).
28Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. p.136
Table 3.2 The Likert Scale Rating
Classification Scale (+) Scale (-)
Strongly Agree Agree Undecided
Disagree Strongly disagree
5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5
Table 3.3: The rating score of questionnaire
Interval score Category
81-100%
61-80%
41-60%
21-40%
0-20%
Strongly positive Positive
Neutral Negative Strongly negative E. Operational Defenition Of Variables
There are two variabel involved in this research, namely independent and dependent variable, were;
1. The independent variable is a predictor variable, a variable that can influence changes in the dependent variable and has positif and negative relantionship.
The independent variable in this study was “ students’ domain (cognitive, affective, psychomotor). In this study, each question questionnaire consisting of 30 questions had assessment criteria from the domain itself including:
a) the cognitive domain has 6 levels, starting from knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
b) the affective domain has 5 levels, namely receiving/attending, responsive, assessment (value), organization and characterization.
c) the psychomotor domain has 7 levels, namely perception, readiness, mechanism, response looks complex, adaptation, and creation.
Of the three domains, each questionnaire represents the category level of the questioner's statement to assess the students’ learning domain.
2. The dependent variable is the main concern (is a valid factor in the observation) and at the same target of the research. The dependent variable in this study is ”Online learning English process“.
F. Technique Of Data Analysis
Qustionnaire was one of supporting technique that research aimed to stare much at students’ domain. The items would be negative and positive items. It shared to the students and after shared the students chose only the best answers which were suitable to themselves.
The qustionnaire consists of 30 questions where 10 questions for cognitive, 10 questions for affective and 10 questions for psychomotor aspect which consists of negative and positive questions.
from the questionnaire were classified by using following procedure, the writer analyzed it by using Likert Scale.
1. For the positive statements, the score are : strongly agree 5; agree 4; undecided 3; disagree 2; strongly disagree 1.
2. For the negative statemets, the score are: strongly agree 1; agree 2; undecided
3; disagree 4; strongly disagree 5.
Table 3.4 : The Indicator number of questionnaire
Indikator Nomor item
Possitive Negative
Cognitive 1, 2, 8,9 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10
Affective 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20 15, 16, 19 Pscymotor 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29 ,30 23, 26
1. To culculate questionnaire data into percentage, the research will use the percentage tehnique using this formula. Calculating the rate percentage of the students’ score:
𝑃 = 𝐹
𝑁× 100
Where : P = percentage F = Frequency N= number of population
2. Collecting the main score of the students’ answer of questionnaire by using formula as follows:
X = ∑ x
N
Where x= percentage F
=frequency N=Number of students’
2929 L.R. Gay, Educational Research: Competence for Analysis And Application. P. 267
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