The Government passed laws and regulations on the implementation of traditional modes to ensure safety and security in traffic. Regulation studies are grouped into 5 aspects: traffic procedures, special lanes, stop and park, vehicle requirements, and implementation.
3.1 Traffic procedure
Government Regulation No. 43 of 1993 on road infrastructure and traffic has regulated traffic procedures for non-motorized vehicles. The government guarantees the safety and security of traditional vehicles, in article 53. The article states when there is a traditional vehicle then the driver must slow the vehicle if it will pass. Article 55 explains if there is a traditional vehicle the driver must provide opportunities for vehicles to a cross. (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 1993). In addition, it is also explained in article 116 of Constitution of the Republic Indonesia Number 22 in 2009 on Traffic and Road Transportation. For security reasons, in article 76 section 1 traditional vehicle users are required to
use the left lane. While Article 77 section 1 the traditional mode driver shall not use a lane for motor vehicles if a special lane is provided. (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2009).
3.2 Special Lane
Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997, in the planning of urban roads, rural roads, and intersection signalized and not signalized, the traditional modes (non- motorized vehicles) are not considered in the traffic element but included in the category of the side frictions. So the planning width of road lanes, the need for space or road width for traditional vehicles are not taken into account. (Dirjen Bina Marga, 1997). Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 in 2009 stated traffic and road transport, article 45 lane bicycles as supporting facility, not as the main facility. Article 62 section 2, the cyclists are entitled to facilities supporting security, safety, order, and fluency in traffic. (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2009). But specific lanes for traditional vehicles are described in Instruction of Director General of Highways No.2 in 2012. Traditional modes (cyclists and others) require three elements to be safe and efficient. (Dirjend Bina Marga, 2012).
1. Space - Lateral spaces free of greater and faster motor vehicle interference
2. Connectivity - a continuous path without bulge
3. Flat surfaces - free of holes, uncovered drains, sand, mud, and gravel Special lines should be provided for bicycles and other slow vehicles on the primary arterial road (sub 5.1.a), recommended for a primary collector road (sub 5.2.a), and secondary arterial road (sub 5.4.a). (Departemen Permukiman dan Prasarana Wilayah, 2004). The arrangement of circulation of cyclists, tricycles and horse-carts vehicles is mapped to the hierarchy/class of roads in the planning area. The physical arrangement includes aesthetics, image, and character of the region. The way of doing is the first a circulation system planning that reflects the local characteristic. The second, circulation system planning is simultaneous with local public informal vehicle arrangements such as tricycle, horse-charts, taxi-bike, minibus, and urban transportation as the optimization of the utilization of local movement characters with different types of transportation modes.
(Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum, 2007).
3.3 Stop and Park
Article 66 sections 1 of Government Regulation No. 43 of 1993 has arranged a stop or parking place in particular places. The particular place is described in
section 2 around a pedestrian crossing, or specified bicycle crossings. (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 1993). In fact, the special lane is widely used for parking vehicles and selling street vendors.
3.4 Vehicle
Article 61 section (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2009, every non-motorized vehicle (traditional mode) should meet safety requirements when operated on the road. The requirements are technical and procedures for loading goods. Section (2) states that the technical requirements to be met include: 1) construction; 2) Steering system; 3) Wheel system; 4) Brake system; 5) Lights and light reflectors; and 6) warning device with sound. The intended dimension is the size of the load based on the length, width, and height of the vehicle tub that meets the safety requirements vehicle, Driver, and other Road User. (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2009).
The safety requirements of traditional vehicle sizes consisting of bicycles, tricycles, and horse-carts (one-carriage cart) are described in Government Regulation No. 5 of 2012. These are presented in Table 2.
Table 2 Type and requirements traditional mode
The type of vehicle Requirements GR No 5 of 2012
Bicycle Dimension :
Maximum width: 550 mm Maximum length: 2100 mm
Article 115 section 1
Eligibility requirements : Sparkboard; brake
Article 115 section 2
Tricycle Dimension :
Maximum width: 1500 mm Maximum length: 2800 mm Maximum height: 1800 mm
Article 116 section 1
Technical completeness the suspension system to withstand the load, vibration, and shock to ensure safety
Article 116 section 2
Eligibility requirements : Sparkboard; brake
Article 116 section 3 Horse carts (one-carriage
cart)
Dimension :
Maximum width: 1700 mm Maximum length: 2250 mm Maximum height: 5250 mm
Article 118 section 1
Eligibility requirements : The tools serve to slow down the speed of vehicles as a replacement brake.
Article 119 section 1
3.5 Implementation
Article 120 states the type and use of Non-Motorized Vehicles regulated by a Regional Regulation. (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2012). As well as the Constitution of the Republic Indonesia number 22 the year 2009 Article 63 section 1 states the Regional Government can determine the type and use of Non- Motorized Vehicles in the region according to the characteristics and needs of the region. The section 2 states the types and usage are set to the regulations of the district/city. While section 3 states if it is cross-district / city is regulated by provincial regulation. (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2009). It is also regulated in the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 74 the year 2014, Article 12, Article 13 section 1, and Article 13 section 2. Article 13 section 3 stated if its operation area exceeds the provincial boundary is regulated by agreement between the Provincial Government which is adjacent to the agreement. (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2014).