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Analysis and Design of E Shaped Dual Band Microstrip Textile … 177
Fig. 4 3D radiation pattern the antenna at 2 frequency bands:a3.7 GHz andb7.4 GHz
(II) 3D Radiation pattern: From the Fig.4, it has been observed that 3D radi- ation pattern of theantenna at resonating frequencies provides the directivity of 8.74 dBi at 3.7 GHz frequency and 7.32 dBi at 7.4 GHz frequency. These values of directivity have been improved 7.02–8.74 and 6.37–7.4 compared with paper implemented and these values fulfil the need of wireless commu- nication. The proposed antenna can be used for high directional antenna for S and C band application.
(III) 2D Radiation pattern of proposed antenna: From Fig. 5, it has been concluded that polar plot of designed antenna has the main lobe magnitude of 8.74 dBi and angular bandwidth of 68.8° at 3.7 GHz frequency and with the main lobe magnitude of 6.02 dBi and angular bandwidth of 44.1° at 7.4 GHz frequency.
It has also observed from Fig.5, that the designed antenna also provided the back radiation of−21.6 and−15.3 dB at these frequencies.
(IV) VSWR of antenna: From Fig. 6, it has been observed that the value of VSWR for designed microstrip textile antenna lies in between 1 to 2, which states the proper impedance matching between excited source and the feed- line. The values of VSWR at resonating frequencies are 1.14 and 1.28 at 3.7
Fig. 5 2D Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna at 2 frequency bandsa3.7 GHz andb7.4 GHz
178 H. Bhaldar et al.
Fig. 6 VSWR of proposed antenna
and 7.4 GHz. These vaules of VSWR have been compared with the paper implemented and it is has been observed values are better.
(V) Efficiency: The efficiency of anenna isdefiend as the ratio of radiated powerof anantenna to the applied power of antenna. The radiation efficiency antenna differs from the total efficiency of antenna due to loss takes place because of the impedance mismatching.
The total efficiency is given by Eq.2.
Et=Zl∗Er (2)
where Et=Total Efficiency, Er=Radiation Efficiency and Zl=Impedance loss.
It has been observed that the proposed antenna radiated at 2 frequancy bands. The radiation efficiency and total efficiency of antenna at 3.7 GHz are 115 and 33%. The radiation efficiency and total efficiency of antenna at 7.4 GHz are 88.44 and 33%.
From the values of total efficiency it has been concluded that the ohmic losses takes place due to impedance mismatch.
The Table2shows that the comparison of simulated results of proposed antenna for two frequency bands.
4 Conclusion
In this proposed study, the E shaped microstrip textile antenna has been designed for 3.7 GHz frequency. The proposed prototype is simulated and analyzed for the various antenna parameters VSWR, Return Loss and Bandwidth. The gain of antenna has been improved to good scale at resonating frequencies, if we compared with base paper implemented. The designed antenna is used for S band and C band commu- nication. From the simulated results, it has been observed that, antenna is radiating very properly at 3.7 and 7.4 GHz frequency bands. The total efficiency is reduced due to impedance loss in comparison of radiated efficiency.
Analysis and Design of E Shaped Dual Band Microstrip Textile … 179 Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the review committee and my guide Dr. Sanjay Kumar Gowre for his valuable guidance and support. The author also thankful to SVERI’s College of Engineering Pandharpur for providing support to use antenna laboratory and Research center, Department of Electronics and Communication, BKIT Bhalki for support and motivation.
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