374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

NO.1312.

SYNOPSIS OF THE VENERID.E—

BALL.

375 CHIONE (TIMOCLEA) GRUS

Holmes, 1858.

Cape

Hatteras, North (^aroliiia, and south and woston themainland coast toYucatan, in 12to 60 fathoms. Also fossil in tlie Pliocene.

This littleshell hasbeen verygenerallyconfused with Venus pygmaea Lamarck, butit isperfectlydistinct. It ma}'perhapsbe V.antillarum Orbigny, 1853; but this can not l)epositively determinedat this time.

It^isVenus

jMrva Sowerby,

1854,but not of Sowerby,lS'2d,orMunster, 1836; and ^itAvas

named

Ven'us trapezoidal)^{>^} by Kurtz in1860.

The

animal has

two

.^ubcqual, closel}' united, fringed siphons,two-tifths as long as the shell.

CHIONE (TIMOCLEA) PYGMAEA

Lamarck, 1818.

Florida reefs, and throughout the Antilles.

This little shell was

named

Venus ln-xq\tivalvtx ]>yOrbigny in 1853.

It^isof a white color,with

brown

maculationsand a

brown

spotonthe hinge, with coarser sculptureand attaining a largersize than C. grus.

CHIONE (LIROPHORA) PAPHIA

Linnaeus, 1767.

West

Indies and southward to the coast of Brazil, in shallow water, and thence to 30 fathoms, usually on a sandybottom.

This line and well-known shell ^is the Pecfuncuius i)etula of

Da

Costa, 1778, butit is not the Yenus

pa^hia

ofPulteney. It is pro])a- bly the shell listedas _{C. affinls}Gmelin,

by

Poulsen, 1878.

CHIONE (LIROPHORA) LATILIRATA

Conrad, 1841.

Cape

Hatteras, North Carolina, south to Rio

Grande

do Sul,Brazil, in 10 to 124 fathoms.

Distinguishable

from

C.}yap)lda

by

its ribs, which are not pinched

oil' behind and do not bear

any

elevated expansions. It is Venus varicosa Sowerby, 1853. and V. alveata Bush. 1885. not of Conrad.

CHIONE (GOMPHINA) KOCHII

Philippi, 1843.

A

single valve

from

Belize was collected

by

the Rev.

Mr.

Stanton, butit is believedto be derived

from

ballast,since no livingspecimens wereobtained.

ANOMALOCARDIA BRASILIANA

^Gmelin, 1792.

Wilmington, North Carolina, and south to the

West

Indiesand to Riode Janeiro, Brazil.

It is the Venusflexuosa Born, 1780, not ^of Linnteus, 1767; the V.

macrodonof Hanley, 1843, and

Sowerby

^(fig. 88), 1853; V. lunularis Lamarck,1818; and 0?yjjtograj/tn/aImtsilia>iaofU6nun%lS67. Thisis

the

common Aiwmalocardia

of the

West

Indies, ashell very variable in

form

and color.

876 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIOJ^AL MUSEUM.

^vol.xxvi.

ANOMALOCARDIA ^CUNEIMERIS

^{Conrad, 1845.}

From Lake Worth,

^{Florida,and on the.shoresof} the continentsouth to Cartag-ena,Colombia. ^{It is} not yet authentically reported

from

the islands of the

West

Indies.

Thisis Venus_J)^{linefi^era}Gray, in

Sowerby,

1853; ^{T'^ rosfrata}

Sow-

erby, 1853, a

young

^{shell; V. Jlexuosa Chenu, 1862, l)ut not of Lin-}

na?us, 17(57, nor Born, 1780. It is V.

macrodon

Reeve, in part. It is smallei",

more

^slender,

and more

delicate than the T'. macrodon of Lamarck.

ANOMALOCARDIA LEPTALEA

Dall, 1894.

Lagoon

at Watling Island, Bahamas. Small, very thin, curiously depauperate

from

its extraordinarily saline habitat.

The

innermar- gins are entireand thereis no trace of radial sculpture.

The

colora- tion is very ^variable.

ANOMALOCARDIA MEMBRANULA

^{Romer, i860}

St.

Thomas, West

Indies;

Romer.

Elongatelike

A.

leptalea, but ^with

numerous

(23) concentric lamel-

lae, obsolete posteriorly, and ^of a ferruginous brown, with white specks; the inner

margin

crenulated. Perhaps a variety of the next species.

ANOMALOCARDIA ^PUELLA

^{Pfeiffer, 1846.}

Punta

do

Maya,

Matanzas Bay, Cuba.

Small, whitish, with radiating

brown

liecks between concentric lamelhe; intei-nallyreddish brown.

The

lamella are persistent and about 13 in number, in a shell 11

mm.

long.

The

inner margin is

crenulated. Venus^aiiberianaOrl^igny, 1853, ^is probably identical.

VENUS MERCENARIA

^{Linnaeufe, 1758.}

Living

from Bay

^of Chaleurs, Gulf of St. Lawn-ence, andat Sable Island, southward, locally, to

Cape

Cod, and thence generally south-

ward

to the Florida Keys,

westward

to the Mississippi Delta, and, sparsely, on the coast of Texas as far west as

Corpus

Christi Bay.

Fossil

from

the early

Miocene

to recent times.

This is the Venus onercenarid of Spengler, 1785,

and

sul)sequent authors; the V. merctrix Bolten, 1798, not of LinnaHis, L758; Mer- cenaria vlolacea Schumacher, 1817;

M.

cancelhiia Gabl), 1S()();

M.

antiquaN^,xx'\S\.^V^'~ih\ and CrcissivemismercenaTi(tV^YV\xy&^ ^1869.

VENUS MERCENARIA

var.

NOTATA

Say, 1822.

New ^England

^to Georgia.

This formis

marked by

zigzag

brown

blotches and lines,and is des- titute ofthe purplecoloration internally. It is Venus obUqua Anton, 1837, and V. cyjprinoidesAnton, 1839.

NO.1312.

SYNOPSIS OF THE YENEIUD.E— BALL. 377

VENUS MERCENARIA

var.

CANCELLATA

Gabb, i860.

A

^{rare variety,described}

^from

^{the ^Miocene, and} occasionally found

living-, in which the medial smooth space of thetype ^is concentricallj- di\'ided into Hat riblets by shallow grooves, the riblets being also radially sulcate.

VENUS MERCENARIA

var.

RADIATA

Dall, 1902.

Similar tothe last, except that the

smooth

medial area is not con- centrically sulcate.

VENUS MERCENARIA

var.

ALBA

Dall, 1902.

In this

form

the interior ^is likenotata^

and

the exteriordestitute of coloredlineation.

VENUS CAMPECHIENSIS

Gmelin, 1792.

Chesapeake

Bay

and southward to Cuba; westward to Texas and southward toYucatan,nearlow-watermark. FossilfromtheMiocene to recent faunas.

This is the largest species of the famih" and th(> most ponderous, characterizedby highinflatedbeaks,bluntends,whiteshell,frecjuently with zigzag

brown

lineation in the 3'oung externally, and a surface sculpture ^of dense, low, thin concentric lamellation.

The young

usu- allybegin ina

somewhat

quadrate form, with

more

distant lamellation, withouta purple border internalh^, but sometimes a purple flush in the ^{cavit}^}of the beaks. Itpassesthrough a seriesofmutations anal- ogousto those of V. niercenaria.

The young

shells about 2 inches or so in diameter have been

named

VemiK cdJciircd b}^ Philippi, 1844-, V. tenuilamellatd Sowerby, 1853, and V.fid(J^III'dn.'i'Tvjon^ 1865. Gmelin's type

was

also anadolescent

shell.

The

recent adult has been

named

V. prepared Say, 1822; Y.

fiiortoiu Conrad, 1837, and V. alhoradiata Sowerby, 1853.

To

the various nmtations exhibited

by

thespecies

m

the ^fossil state the fol-

lowing

names

have beengiven: V. tdrlcn Conrad, 1838; V.2>ei'

magna

Conrad, 1838; V. cajxm Conrad, 1844; Y. siihnortoni Or))igny, 1852;

Mercenarl<i. ohtasa Conrad, 1866;

M.

ouneafa Conrad, 1868, and

2L

carnll)ienf<ixCV)nrad. 1875.

VENUS CAMPECHIENSIS

var.

ALBORADIATA

Sowerby, 1853.

Shell with l>road l)rownish rays on a paler ground.

VENTIS CAMPECHIENSIS

var.

QUADRATA

Dall, 1902.

Shell small, (juadrate, thin, compressed, and unicoloi'ate, usually yellowish white.