458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

the second below pterostigma,

when

present; one medial cross-vein between

MA ^and MPl+2

^slightly distad of separation of

MA from

Rs; one mediocubital cross-vein, usually connecting lower branch of AIP3-|-4 to a terminal branch of Cul, one cubito-anal cross-vein

between Cu2 and

1st

A

^near base; one anal between 1st

and

2d

A

Rs^MA

Figure 10.

—

^{Wing venation of Sisyra vicaria (Walker). A, forewing; B, hindwing.}

Abbreviations: C, costa;Sc, subcosta;Rl,radius;R2, R3, and R4+5,branches ofradial sector;Rs+Ma,radial sectorand anteriormediacoalesced;MA,anteriormedia;

MPl+2

andMP3+4,branchesof posteriormedia;Culand Cu2, branchesofcubitus;A,anal vein;

r,radial cross-vein;r-m,radiomedialcross-vein;m, medial cross-vein; m-cu, mediocubital cross-vein.

near base; no outer gradates, innerseriesof two cross-veins, 1str

and

1st r-m; thyridiaapparent

on

1st r-m.

Male

genitalia (fig. 14, a,b)^: Eighth tergite sometimes appearing divided into

two

dorsal plates; ninth tergite divided into

two

small parts, each half

moved

lateroventrally to tenth tergite; tenth tergite entire, broader than long, frequently shorter dorsomedially, large,

withlong setae

and

agroup of

from two

to nine trichobothria

on

each side; ninth sternite large

and

appearing terminalventrally, ventral to

SPONGILLA-FLIES

— ^{PARFIN AND GURNET} 459

ninth

and

tenth tergites; tenth sternite

moved

dorsally to a position posterior to tenthtergitc

and

divided intoan anterior transverse plate

and

aposteriorpairof

more

heavilysclerotizcd claspersfurnishedwith one or

more

dentate projections;

two

small heavily sclerotized para- meres arising caudallybelow basal plate of tenth sternite, diverging

and

attached posteriorly to claspers.

Female

genitalia ^(fig. 14, c):

Ninth

tergite, thelargest, divided in two, each part

moved

lateroventrally to the tenth tergite

and

of distinctive shape in the species, usually sloping posteroventrally to just before articulation point with ninth sternite,

where

there is a sharper slope; tenth tergitc entire, transverse, frequently shorter dorsomcdially, with group of trichobothria on each side; ninth sternite divided into

two

elongate

movable

upturned parts acute apically, tapering

and

bent posteriorly just before apex, with small narrow ventral projection, each articulated at base with posterior,

more

heavil}' sclerotized ridge of each half of ninth tergite; tenth sternitenotyet accounted for

and

amorphologicalstudyisnecessary.

Basal abdominal segments: Second

tergite usually appearing as a

row

of setae; third tergite shorter medially so as to appear almost divided {vicaria, fuscata) or appearing as a

row

of setae {apicalis,

minuta); fourth rectangular to oval (Juscata, minuta) or almost divided in

two

(vicaria, apicalis); sixth

and

seventh larger,

more

oval than secondto fifth.

Second and

third sternites large, close together, with each half of dark streak beginningin posterolateral corners

and

running anteriorly to

meet

nearanterior

margin

(a

median

dark point nearconcave anterior

margin

in apicalis,

from which two

short streaks diverge)^; third to^fifthsterniteswithtransverse streaksalmostparallel

and

closer to anterior margin, streak faint in fifth; sixth

and

seventh sternites shorter

and more

narrow; eighth narrowest of sternites; pair of pale spots near posterior

margin

of second to sixth sternites some- times prominent (vicaria,fuscata)^.

The

genus Sisyra is cosmopolitan

and

23

named

species

have

been taken

and

recorded

from

various regions of the world (table 7).

Key

to the species of Sisyrain the WesternHemisphere

1. Forewing usually withthree radial cross-veins, 5 to 7

mm.

long and at least 2

mm.

wide, membrane appearing more or ^less uniform light brown in color; basal antennal segment broad (fig. 7,d,e; pi. 1, figs. 2, 3) (vicaria

group,p.460) 2

Forewing usually with two radial cross-veins, smaller, 3-5 m;n. long and usuallyless than 2

mm.

wide, membranesometimesappearingmore or less distinctly streaked with brown between longitudinal veins (except in minuta); basalantennal segment moreslender, elongate (fig. 7,p; pi. 1,figs.

1, 4, 5) {apicalis group, p. 471) 3

460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

vol.105 2. Male clasperslong,wideat base, then sharply curvedandgraduallynarrowed to aterminal point, basal plate about one-third as long as claspers; latero- ventralhalvesofninthtergite offemalemoreorlesstriangleshaped,rounded ventrally and with one prominentsclerotized articulation ridge posteriorly;

forewingusuallywith

R2

not forkeddeeph',i.e.,basal to orat level ofpoint ofjunctionofScandRl, apexoval,symmetricalwithrespect to longitudinal axis of wing, approximately 5

mm.

long and 2

mm.

wide; vertex, frons, antennae and thorax blackish; basal antennal segment with sharp inner curve (figs. 7,e, 13;pi. 1, fig. 2) fuscata (Fabricius) (p. 468) Male claspers short, squat, basal plate approximately as long as claspers;

lateroventral halves ofninth tergite offemale elongate, with both anterior and posterior sclerotized articulation ridges; forewing with

R2

usually forked basal to point ofjunctionof Sc and Rl, apex more acute, less sym- metrical, frequently more than 5

mm.

long and 2

mm.

wide;vertex yellow to yellowish brownwiththin dark line encircling basal antennal segments, frons and antennae yellowto yellowish brown, basal segments ofantennae darkbrownwith remaining segments yelloworbrowntomidpoint andthen yellowish to apex; basal segment more smoothly curved on inner margin

(figs.7,D, 10, 14;pi. 1, fig.3) vicaria(Walker) (p.460)

3. Forewing with Rl bent at a strong angle at meeting point with Sc, then dipping and curving toward margin; membrane uniformly light brown, approximately 3.2

mm.

long and 1.3

mm.

wide; male claspers beaklike, sharply curved dorsoventrally to point; vertex andfrons yellowish brown, antennae yellowishwith basal twosegments brown (fig. 15; pi. 1, fig. 6).

minutaEsben-Petersen(p. 478) Forewingwith Rl not bent at an angle at meeting point with Sc, although curved and dipping somewhat; membrane with distinct intervenational streakingbetween longitudinal veins (pi. 1, figs. 1, 4, 5) 4

4. Antennae brownish black for basal 17 segments (approximately), then pale yellowishfor about 15segments, andfuscousfor 5 or 6 terminalsegments;

forewing3.7to 5

mm.

longandapproximately 1.7

mm.

wide; lateroventral halvesofninthtergite offemale small, ovate; male claspers long, narrow, smoothly curved, distally of more orless evenwidth ^(fig. 16;pi. 1, fig. 1).

apicalisBanks (p. 471) Antennae brown; forewing 3.8 to 4

mm.

long, and approximately 1.4

mm.

wide;lateroventralhalvesofninthtergite offemale "pear-shaped," elongate;

maleclaspersstout, withlong setae (fig. 17;^{pi. 1, fig.} 4).

panama, newspecies (p. 474).

Note: Becauseofthediscovery that thetype ofnocturna now consists only ofa

left forewingand right hindwing (both torn) which donot differ essentially from those of apicalis (r-m and s being variable to a certain extent), it is

inadvisable to differentiate further between the two species here (see nocturna,p. 476, andapicalis, p. 471).

Sisyravicaria(Walker)

Figure 14; Plate 1,figure 3 Hemerobiusvicarius Walker, 1853,p. 297 (Georgia).

Sisyra vicaria Hagen, 1861, p. 197.—Banks, 1905, p. 25.—Carpenter, 1940, p. 254.

Sisyra umbrata Needham, 1901, p. 555, pi. 12 (figs, e-8, _11), text figs. 33, 34b, 36 (SaranacInn, N. Y.;Lake Forest, 111.).—Banks, 1905,p. 25.

SPONGILLA-FLIES

— ^{PARFIN AND GURNET} 461 Head

with vertex usually yellow, occasionally

some

brown,

narrow median

blackish streak over coronal sulcus

from

posterior

margin

to midvertex usually distinct, usually a

narrow

blackish ring

around

antennal sockets; face yellowish; palpi yellomsh to brownish; basal two antennal segments usually brown, remaining segments yellowish to end or

brown

for 18 segments (approximately)

and

then j'-ellowish to end (approximately 42-50 segments altogether); legs yellow with coxae

brown and

sometimes femora

and

tibiae with

some brown;

notum medium

brown, pleura brown;

abdomen

brown.

FoREwiNG

(pi. 1, fig. 3):

Average

length female 5.5

mm., male

5,4

mm.,

average width female 2.4

mm., male

2.3

mm.;

apex slightly asymmetrical withrespecttolongitudinalaxis ofwing;

membrane more

or less uniformly light

brown

(with occasionally a few indications of faint light

brown

streaks particularly near cubital

and

medio- cubital areas toward inner margin); longitudinal

and

cross-veins

brown;

pterostigma ^{slightl}^}darker than

membrane; R2

forked basad of or at level of junction of Sc

and Rl; R3 and R4 +

^{5 usually not}

forked as deeply

from

margin, although

R4 +

⁵ sometimes with ter-

minalforknearlevelofjunctionofSc

and Rl

^;

AIPl +2

^{usuallyforking}

into

two

even branches to margin;

Cul

with three to five branches tomargin; approximately 12-15 costalcross-veinsbeforepterostigma;

usually threeradial cross-veins, 1st r

above and

usuallynearmidpoint of free

stem

of Rs, 2d r

above R2

near forking of

R2 and

R3,

and 3d

r below pterostigma to

R2

or

R2

terminal fork (in rare cases

where

fork is lacking); sometimes a

2d

or even

3d

(rarely)

r-m

present;

marginal forking well-developed.

Hind WING

(pi. 1, fig. 3):

Average

length female approximately 5

mm., male

4.6

mm.,

width female approximately 2.2

mm., male

2

mm.; membrane

almost hyaline with pterostigma slightly darker

brown

than

membrane;

venation

brown;

R2, R3,

and R4 +

^{5 usually}

with terminal forks distad of level of point of coalescence of Sc

and Rl;

about three to seven branches of

Cul

to margin;

two

radial cross-veins, 1st r slightly distad of forking of

R2 and R3 from

Rs;

2drto

R2

or

R2

forkunder pterostigma near margin; marginalforking well developed.

Male

genitalia (fig. 14, a,b)^: Eighth tergite with central portion short;

two

parts ofninth tergite small,

more

or less triangle shaped;

tenth sternite with basal plate almost as long as claspers; claspers short, squat, curved, with sharp angular drop to terminal conical

narrow

portion,

which

is about one-third as wide as broad basal part of clasper,

two

setalike projections at

end

of each ^clasper;

parameres "boot shaped."

Female

genitalia (fig. 14, c): Eighth tergite longer just

above

spiracle, shorter just below spiracle, then lengthening ventrally;

359326

—

^{56 6}