Q2. It is stated that names are given to A. hurricanes only.
B. depressions, storms and hurricanes.
C. depressions and hurricanes.
D. storms and hurricanes. (CORRECT)
See P2: Tropical depressions are precursors of tropical cyclones but they have maximum
sustained surface winds of less than 39 miles per hour (mph). Above this speed, the phenomenon is called a tropical storm and is assigned a name. Above 74 mph, it is called a hurricane, if
occurring in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast Pacific Ocean east of the dateline or the South Pacific Ocean east of 160E. Typhoon refers to activity that occurs in the Southwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline.
& See P4: The naming system of hurricanes in the Atlantic is a feature that gives a certain
personality to the winds. Names alternate between male and female, indicate first names and are drawn from a large number of ethnic groups.
Q2. NOTES: Names are given to tropical storms (Paragraph 2) and hurricanes (Paragraph 4).
Q3. The one of the following statements is not true?
A. Europeans improved on Chinese technology.
B. Arabs probably had gunpowder before the Europeans.
C. Modern gunpowder is very different from medieval gunpowder. (CORRECT) D. The Arabs improved gunpowder technology.
See P1: The words "hurricane" and "typhoon" are often used interchangeably. They do, however,
describe regionally specific phenomena, which are identical. Both are simply manifestations of a strong tropical cyclone, which is a generic term for a non-frontal, low-pressure system over tropical or sub-tropical waters, associated with thunderstorm activity and vigorous surface wind patterns.
Q3. NOTES: Typhoons and hurricanes are described as identical (“used interchangeably”),
except in their geographical location.
Q4. Which categories of hurricane cause flooding?
A. Categories 3, 4 & 5 B. Categories 2, 3, 4 & 5 C. Categories 4 & 5
D. Categories 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 (CORRECT)
See P3: Hurricanes receive the most publicity as they occur in the Atlantic Basin and affect the
United States or neighbouring regions. They are classified according to wind strength using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, which uses five categories. Category 1 has winds between 74-95 mph which means that it is unlikely to cause real damage to buildings, leads to some coastal
flooding and minor pier damage. Category 2 (winds between 96 and 110 mph) will cause damage to roofs, doors and windows. Small craft may break their moorings and some trees will be blown over. From Category 3 up to Category 5, structural damage will occur. Category 3 is highly likely to cause damage to smaller houses but could significantly escalate if large trees are blown
over. Flooding deep inland is usual. Category 4 will see some complete roof structure failure while Category 5 hurricanes (winds in excess of 156 mph) will cause the removal of roofs from many buildings, both residential and industrial. Flooding will be very severe, causing major damage to lower floors of all structures near the shoreline. It is, also, likely that extensive evacuation of residential areas will result. It should be remembered that lower category winds might cause damage far above their category description, depending on what lies in their way and the particular hazards they bring.
Q4. NOTES: We can assume all categories will, if the lowest category causes flooding. The
categories build on one another so flooding from Category 1 through Category 5 becomes worse (“more severe”).
Q5. Which category/-ies of wind will most likely require many people to leave their homes?
A. Categories 4 & 5
B. Category 5 (CORRECT) C. Categories 3 & 4 & 5 D. Categories 2 & 3 & 4 & 5
See P3: Hurricanes receive the most publicity as they occur in the Atlantic Basin and affect the
United States or neighbouring regions. They are classified according to wind strength using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, which uses five categories. Category 1 has winds between 74-95 mph which means that it is unlikely to cause real damage to buildings, leads to some coastal
flooding and minor pier damage. Category 2 (winds between 96 and 110 mph) will cause damage to roofs, doors and windows. Small craft may break their moorings and some trees will be blown over. From Category 3 up to Category 5, structural damage will occur. Category 3 is highly likely to cause damage to smaller houses but could significantly escalate if large trees are blown over.
Flooding deep inland is usual. Category 4 will see some complete roof structure failure while Category 5 hurricanes (winds in excess of 156 mph) will cause the removal of roofs from many buildings, both residential and industrial. Flooding will be very severe, causing major damage to lower floors of all structures near the shoreline. It is, also, likely that extensive evacuation of residential areas will result. It should be remembered that lower category winds might cause damage far above their category description, depending on what lies in their way and the particular hazards they bring.
Q5. NOTES: The text says "extensive evacuation" (2nd last sentence, Paragraph 3), which must
mean many people have to leave their homes. This is one of the Category 5 effects.
Q6. The word "precursors" (para. 2) is best replaced by A. Predecessors (CORRECT)
B. Relatives C. Predictors D. Precedents
See P1: Tropical depressions are precursors of tropical cyclones but they have maximum
Pacific Ocean east of 160E. Typhoon refers to activity that occurs in the Southwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline.
Q6. NOTES: "Precursor" is something which happens before something else. Literally it means
"going before", so "predecessors" is the appropriate synonym here.
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