National Assessment of Educational
Progress (NAEP) Expectations
Note:Adapted from the National Center for Education Statistics (2003).National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Read- ing Assessments. Washington, DC: Institute of Educational Sci- ences, U.S. Department of Education.
4th Grade Expectations
The NAEP standards for 4th grade students specify that they should know how to
n Demonstrate overall understanding of the text by providing inferential as well as literal details and interpreting the text.
n Identify the author’s use of specific details.
n Explain character motivation and identify a story theme.
n Summarize a story.
n Draw conclusions about the characters or plot and rec- ognize relationship patterns such as cause and effect.
To be considered “advanced,” students must be able to n Demonstrate awareness of how authors compose and use literary devices.
n Judge texts critically and provide insightful analysis.
n Identify the author’s illustration of theme through the story action.
n Make generalizations about the point of the story and in- tegrate such insights with personal experiences and back- ground knowledge.
n Identify figurative language.
n Compare story characters and their changing feelings.
n Interpret story action.
n Provide alternative endings.
n Describe character traits and lessons learned by charac- ters in the text.
n Compare story characters using metaphors.
n Explain the author’s intent with supporting material.
n Contrast historical information with present-day information.
n Make critical judgments about the text and be able to clearly explain and communicate ideas.
n Use ideas gained from the text to elaborate on hypotheti- cal situations.
8th Grade Expectations
At the 8th grade level, the NAEP prescribes that proficient stu- dents should be able to
n Show overall understanding of both literal and inferen- tial material in the text.
n Extend ideas and draw clear inferences.
n Summarize text.
n Draw conclusions from and make personal connections to the text.
n Provide examples (both implied and explicit) to support literary themes and interpret the actions and motives of characters.
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Expectations 177
n Recognize literary devices such as personification and foreshadowing.
To be considered advanced, students should be able to n Describe abstract themes and overall ideas in the text by analyzing both meaning and form.
n Support conclusions with examples and extend them through comparisons to personal experiences and world events.
n Provide complex summaries of text.
n Describe various literary elements such as setting, plot, characters, and theme, and discuss how they interact with one another.
n Analyze the author’s style and evaluate the composition of the text.
n Identify the main idea in informational text, and the au- thor’s purpose in writing it.
n Make inferences and draw conclusions supported by de- tails in the text.
n Determine the relationships among facts, ideas, and events.
n Understand the concepts of cause and effect and time- order.
n Identify a central purpose and predict the outcomes of procedures specified in informational text.
12th Grade Expectations
To meet proficient status, 12th grade students must be able to n Demonstrate an overall understanding of both inferential and literal information.
n Extend text ideas by making inferences, drawing conclu- sions, and connecting the text to personal experiences or background knowledge.
n Explain literary devices such as irony and symbolism.
n Apply knowledge learned from informational text to spe- cific situations.
n Apply steps or directions appropriately and be able to evaluate the usefulness of data in informational text.
To be considered advanced, 12th grade students should be able to
n Identify abstract themes and overall ideas.
n Analyze meaning and form, using details from the text to support conclusions.
n Develop extensive responses that make reference to per- sonal experience and background knowledge.
n Create complex summaries of the text.
n Incorporate cultural, historical, and personal informa- tion sources to evaluate the text, and to develop and ex- plain conclusions and perspectives.
n Identify the relationship between the author’s point of view and elements of the text, and analyze and evaluate that point of view.
n Advance new responses to problems or issues and apply knowledge from informational texts to new situations.
n Critically evaluate the usefulness of informational text and apply directions to new situations.
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Expectations 179
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