APPENDIX D

THE MORRILL

ACT.t

AN ACT

(loiu'itiiiKPublic T.andsto theseveral States iuul Territorieswhichmayprovide ColIeKes fortheBenefit ofAgricultureand MechanicArts.

Be

^itenactedbytlieSenate

and House

of/^Representatives of^the UnitedStatesof Aiuericain Congressassei/it>ted, Thattherebe grantedtothe.severalStates,forthe purposes hereinaftermentioned,an

amount

ofpublicland, tobe apportionedtoeach State a quantity equalto thirtythou.sand acres for eachsenator

and

representative inCongressto

which

the States are respectivelyentitledb}-theapportionmentinider the cen.susofeighteen

hundred and

sixt\': Provided, That nomineral landsshallbe selected or purcha.sedunderthe provisionsof thisact.

Sec. ^2.

And

heitfurtherenacted. Thattheland aforesaid, afterbeing surveyed, shallbe apportionedtotheseveralvStatesin .sectionsor.subdivisions of.sections,not less thanone-qtiarter ofa section;

and whenever

there are publiclands in a State subject to sale at private entry at one dollar

and

twenty-five cents per acre, the qttantity to

which

said Stateshallbeentitled shallbeselectedfrom suchlandswithin thelimitsofsuchState,and the SecretaryoftheInteriorisherebydirectedtoissue to eachofthe Statesin

which

thereisnot the quantityofpublic lands subjectto sale at privateentryatonedollar

and

twenty-five centsperacre, to

which

said State

may

be entitledunder the provisions of this act, land .scrip to the

amount

in acresfor the deficiency ofitsdistributiveshare^: .said.scriptobesold

by

saidStates

and

the l)roceedsthereofappliedtotheu.ses

and

purposesprescribed in thisact,

and

forno other use orpurposewhat.soever: Provided, Thatin

no

case.shall

any

Stateto

which

landscrip

may

thusbeissuedbe allowedto locatethe .samewithinthelimits of

any

othervState,or of

any

TerritoryoftheUnitedStates, but their assignees

may

thus locate .said land scrip

upon any

oftheunappropriated lands ofthe UnitedStates subjectto.saleatprivate entryatonedollar

and

twenty-five cents,orless, per acre

:

^1

nd

provided,further,

That

not

more

thanonemillion acres.shallbe located

by

such assignees in any one of the States: ^Indprovided, further. That no such location shallbe

made

beforeoneyearfromthepassage(jfthisact.

SiiC. 3.

And

heitfurtherenacted.

That

alltheexpensesof

management,

superin- tendence,

and

taxesfromdateof selection of said lands,previoustotheirsales,

and

allexpensesincurredinthe

management

and disbursementofthe

moneys which may

be received therefrom, shall be paid

by

the Statesto

which

they

may

belong, otitof the treasuryofsaid States,.sothattheentire proceedsofthesale of said landsshall be appliedwithoutany diminution whatevertothepurpo.seshereinaftermentioned.

Si'X".4.

And

beitfurtherenacted. Thatall

moneys

derived from the sale of the lands aforesaidbythe Statesto

which

thelandsareapportioned,

and

fromthe.sales of land scrip hereinbefore provided for, shall be invested in stocks oftheUnited States, or of the States,or

some

other safe stocks yielding not less than five per

centum upon

the par value ofsaid stocks;

and

thatthe

moneys

.so invested shall constitute aperpetual fund, thecapitalof

which

shallremainforeverluidiminished, (except so far as

may

be provided in .section fifth of this act,)and theinterest of 'Introduced in the Hou.se of Representatives

by

the

Hon.

Justin S. Morrill, of Vermont, andaj^proved

by

TresidentIvincoln,July ^2, 1862.

342 ^]\TemoriaI of Geoi'ge Droivii Goodc.

which

shallbeinviolably appropriated,

by

eachState

which may

take

and

claimthe benefit of thisact, tothe

endowment,

support,

and

maintenanceof at leastonecol- lege

where

theleading objectshall be,without excludingotherscientific

and

classical studies,

and

including militarytactics, to teach such branches oflearning as are relatedtoagriculture

and

the mechanic arts, insuch

manner

as the legislaturesof the States

may

respectivelyprescribe, in ordertopromotethe liberal

and

practical educationoftheindustrial classesinthe several pursuits

and

professions inlife.

Sec. 5.

And

beitfurtherenacted.

That

the grant ofland and landscriphereby aiithorized shall be

made on

the following conditions, towhich, aswell as tothe provisions hereinbefore contained, the previous assentofthe several Statesshallbe signified

by

legislative acts^:

First. If

any

portionofthefundinvested, asprovided

by

the foregoingsection,or

any

portionoftheinterestthereon,shall,

by

an}^action orcontingency be diminished orlost,itshallbereplaced

by

the Stateto

which

itbelongs,sothatthecapitalofthe fundshallremainforeverundiminished;

and

theannual interest shall be regularly appliedwithout diminutionto thepurposesmentionedinthe fourth section of this act,exceptthatasum, not exceedingtenper

centum upon

the

amount

received

by any

Stateunderthe provisionsof thisact,

may

be

expended

forthepurchaseoflands for sitesorexperimentalfarms,

whenever

authorized

by

the respectivelegislatures ofsaid States.

Second.

No

portionof saidfund,northeinterestthereon,shallbeapplied,directly orindirectly,under

any

pretence whatever,tothe purchase,erection, preservation, or repairof

any

building or buildings.

Third.

Any

State

which may

take

and

claim thebenefitofthe provisions of this actshallprovide,withinfive years, at leastnotlessthan onecollege,asdescribedin the fourth sectionof thisact,or thegrant tosuchStateshallcease;

and

said State shallbe

bound

to

pay

the UnitedStatesthe

amount

receivedof

any

lands previously sold,

and

thatthetitletopurchasersunderthe Stateshallbevalid.

Fourth.

An

annualreport shallbe

made

regarding the progressofeachcollege, recording

any

improvements

and

experimentsmade, withtheir costs

and

results,

and

suchother matters, includingvState industrial and economical statistics,as

may

be supposeduseful^; one copyof

which

shallbetransmitted

by

mailfree,

by

each,toall theother colleges

which may

be

endowed

underthe jirovisionsof thisact,

and

also one copytothe SecretaryoftheInterior.

Fifth.

When

landsshallbeselectedfromthose

which

have beenraised todouble the

minimum

price,inconsequenceof railroad grants,theyshallbe

computed

tothe vStatesatthe

maximum

price,

and

the

number

ofacresproportionallydiminished.

Sixth.

No

Statewhileina condition of rebellion orinsurrectionagainstthegov- ernmentoftheUnitedStatesshallbeentitled tothebenefit of thisact.

Seventh.

No

Stateshallbeentitled tothebenefits of this actunlessit.shallexpress itsaccej)tance thereof

by

itslegislaturewithintwo^yearsfromthe dateofitsapproval

by

the President.

SiCC.6.

And

beitfurtherenacted. Thatlandscripissuedunder the provisions of thisact shallnotbesubjecttolocationuntil afterthefirstdayofJanuary,onethou- sandeight

hundred

andsixty-three.

SivC. 7.

And

be itfurther enacted. Thattheland officers .shallreceivethe

same

fees forlocatinglandscripissued iniderthe provisionsof thisactasis

now

allowed for the location of militarybounty land warrants under existing laws: Provided, Their

maximum

compen.sationshallnotbe thereby increased.

vSi%c. 8.

And

beitfurtherenacted, That theGovernors of the several States to

which

scrip shallbe is.sued under this act shall be required to report annuallyto Congressallsales

made

ofsuchscrip untilthewholeshallbedisposedof,the

amount

receivedforthesame,

and what

appropriationhas been

made

ofthe proceeds.

A])proved, July2, 1S62.

Reportof U.b.NationalMuseum, 1897. PaitII. Plate69.

V

-l^^, ^^^.^c^

Nalioiial

Scientific

and Educational

Institutions.

343 THE HATCH ACT.'

[Forty-ninth Conjjress, second session, chapter 31.1, Statutes of tlic United States, Vol. XXIV, pafie440.]

AN ACT

toestablishagriculturalexperiment stationsinconnectionwithtliccollegesestablished inthe several Statesunderthe provisionsofanactapprovedJuly second, eighteenhundredand

si.vty-two,andoftheactssupplementarythereto.

/>Vitenactedby^tJieSenate

and House

ofRepresentatives of^ttic UnitedSlates of ylnierica in Conj^ress assembted, That in order to aid in acquiring

and

diffusing

among

the peopleofthe UnitedStates useful

and

practical information on subjects connected withagriculture,

and

topromotescientific investigation

and

experiment respecting the principles and applications of agricultural science, there shall l)e establi.shed, underdirectionofthe college or colleges or agricultural departmentof collegesineachStateor Territoryestablished,or

which may

hereafterbeestablished, inaccordancewiththe provisionsof anactapprovedJttlysecond,eighteenhtmdred andsixty-two,entitled

"An

actdonating ptibliclandstotheseveralStatesandTer- ritories

which may

provide collegesfor thebenefit of agricultureand the

mechanic

arts," orany of thesupplements tosaidact,adepartment to1)e

known

and desig- natedasan "agriculturalexperimentstation:" Provided, ThatinanyvStateorTer- ritory in

which

two suchcollegeshave been^or

may

besoestablishedthe appropria- tion hereinafter

made

to stich vState or Territory shall 1)e equally divided between suchcolleges, vinlessthelegislature of suchState or Territoryshallotherwisedirect.

vSkc. 2.

That

itshallbe the objectand dutyof saidexperiment.stationstoconduct original researches orverifyexperimentsonthephysiologyof plants and animals;

the di.seases to

which

they are severally subject, with the remediesfor the .same;

the chemical compositionof useftil plants at their different .stages of growth; the comparative advantagesof rotative cropping as ptir.stied under avarying seriesof crops; the capacityof

new

plants or trees foracclimation; the analysisof.soilsand water; thechemical compositionof mantires, natural orartificial, withexperiments designedto test theircomparativeeffectsoncropsof differentkinds; theadaptation

and

valueof gra.sses

and

forageplants; tht^composition anddigestibilityof thedif- ferent kinds of food for domestic animals; the scientific

and

economic questions involvedintheproductionofbutterandcheese; and suchother researches or experi-

ments

l)earingdirectly

on

the agricultural industryof theUnited States as

may

in each ca.se be

deemed

advisable,having due regard to the varying conditionsand needsof the respective States orTerritories.

vSkc. 3. That inorder tosecure,as far as practicable, uniformityof

methods

and

re.stilts inthe w'ork of said stations, it .shallbethe dtityof the United States

Com-

missionerofAgriculturetofurnishforms, as far as practicable, forthe tabulationof resultsofinvestigationor ex])eriments; to indicate, from timetotime,suchlinesof iiKjuiry as to

him

.shall.seem mo.stimportant; and,ingeneral,to furni.sh .suchadvice andassistance as willbestpromotethepurposesof thisact. Itshallbethedutyof eachof said stations,annually,

on

or before thefinstdayofFebruary,to

make

tothe governorof the State or Territoryin

which

^itislocated afull

and

detailedreportof

it.i operations, including a.statementof receipts

and

expendittires, acopyof

which

reportshallbe.senttoeachof said stations, tothesaidCommi.ssionerofAgricidtm-c,

and

tothe SecretaryoftheTreasuryof theUnitedStates.

Skc.4. Thatbulletinsor reportsofprogress shall bepubli.shed at.said .stationsat leastonceinthreemonths, one copyof

which

shall be.senttoeach newspaperinthe StatesorTerritories in

which

theyarerespectivelylocated,

and

tosuchindividuals actuallyengagedinfarmingas

may

requestthesame,andas far asthe

means

ofthe

'Introducedinthe

House

ofRepresentativesiniSS5bythelTon.William H.

Hatch

of Missoiu'i, and approved ])yPresidentCleveland, I\Iarch 2, 1S87.

344 Memorial of George Brozvn ^Goode.

station willpermit.

Such

bulletinsor reportsandtheannualreportsof said stations shall betransmitted in the mailsofthe United States freeof chargefor postage, under suchregulationsasthe Postmaster-General

may

from timetotime prescribe.

Sec. 5. Thatforthepurposeofpayingthe necessaryexpensesofconductinginves- tigations

and

experiments

and

printing

and

distributing theresultsashereinbefore prescribed, the

sum

of fifteenthousanddollars per

annum

isherebyappropriatedto eachState, tobespeciallyprovidedfor

by

Congressinthe appropriationsfrom year to year,

and

toeach Territoryentitled under the provisionsof sectioneightof this act, outof

any money

intheTreasury proceedingfromthesalesofpublic lands, to be paid in equal quarterly payments,

on

thefirst dayof January, April, July,

and

Octoberineachyear, tothe treasurer or otherofficerduly appointed

by

thegovern- ing boardsof saidcollegestoreceivethesame, thefirst

payment

tobe

made on

the first dayof October, eighteen

hundred and

eighty-seven: Provided^hoivcver. That outof thefirstannualappropriation so received

by any

stationan

amount

notexceed- ingone-fifth

may

be

expended

intheerection, enlargement, or repair of a building or buildings necessaryfor carrying

on

the

work

of such station; andthereafteran

amount

not exceeding five per

centum

of such annual appropriation

may

be so expended.

Sec.6.

That whenever

itshall appeartothe Secretaryof the Treasuryfrom the annualstatementofreceiptsandexpendituresof

any

of said stations thataportion oftheprecedingannual appropriation remains unexpended, such

amount

shall be deductedfromthenext succeedingannualappropriationtosuchstation,inorderthat the

amount

of

money

appropriatedtoanystation shallnotexceedthe

amount

actually

and

necessarilyrequiredforitsmaintenance

and

support.

Sec. 7.

That

nothingin this act shall beconstruedtoimpairor modifythe legal relationexistingbetween

any

of thesaidcolleges

and

the

government

of thevStates orTerritoriesin

which

theyarerespectivelylocated.

Sec. 8.

That

in States havingcollegesentitled underthissectiontothe benefits of this act

and

havingalsoagricultural experiment stationsestablished b}-lawsep- aratefrom said colleges, such States shall beauthorized toapply such benefits to experiments at stations so established

by

such States; and incase

any

State shall haveestablished underthe provisionsof said act of Julysecond aforesaid, anagri- culturaldepartmentorexperimentalstation, in connectionwithanyuniversity, col- lege,orinstitutionnotdistinctivelyanagriculturalcollegeorschool,

and

suchState shall haveestablishedor shall hereafterestablisha separate agricultural college or school,

which

.shall have connectedtherewithan experimental farmorstation, the legislature of such State

may

apply in

whole

or inpart the appropriation

by

this actmade,tosuchseparate agricultural collegeor school, and nolegislature shall

by

contractexpress orimplied disableitselffromsodoing.

Sec. 9.

That

the grantsof

moneys'

authorized

by

thisact are

made

subjecttothe legislativeas.sentofthe several StatesandTerritories tothe purposesof .saidgrants:

Provided^

That payment

of such instalmentsof the appropriation herein

made

as shall

become

dueto

any

Statebefore the adjournmentof the regularsession of its legislaturemeeting nextafterthepassageof this act shall be

made upon

the assent of thegovernorthereof dulycertifiedtothe Secretaryof the Treasury.

Sec. 10.

Nothing

in this act shall be held or construed as binding the United Statestocontinueany

payment

fromtheTreasurytoany orallthe States orinstitu- tionsmentionedin thisact, but Congress

may

at

any

time

amend,

suspend, or repeal

any

orallthe provisionsof thisact.

Approved,

March

2, 1887.

'

The

grantsof

money

tocarryout the provisionsof this act

amounted

in1887-88 to1585,000,in 188S-89to 595,000, in1S89-90to|6oo,(xx), andfor1890-91 the

amount

estimatedis1630,000.

National

Scirtitific

a)id

F.ditcatioiial Iiislilntious.

345