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Strategy -
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How To Do Strategy
The Problem
So you get a brief from the client. If you’re fortunate, they will have worked out their key business challenges and know what success looks like. Often the annual communications budget will be a nice round number and a % of the annual revenue target (often 5-10%).
You can make your first impact here by trying to work out the customer lifetime value of the client’s customers and establish whether their budget makes any sense from the bottom up.
There’s often little rhyme or reason to where these budgets come from – they’re rules of thumb that businesses have applied for years.
Push to get clarity on this before you do anything else because it can swing your entire approach.
It will take a few attempts to decide the problem. You’ll need to hunt: qualitative, quantitative, keyword, website, social research. Maybe you’ll dig up some behavioral economics, social sciences or psychology papers (befriend Google Scholar). Whatever your inputs, make the problem provocative. Couch the problem in a customer’s – not a business’s – point of view. Awareness, relevance, salience, and conversion are boring problems - they are table-stakes.
Make it provocative, say it short, say it in a picture or drawing.
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How To Do Strategy
Personas
Personas come in and out of fashion. They are a sort of customer segmentation - they’re fictional representations of your client’s customers based on research.
Not only are there conflicting thoughts about whether personas are useful but there are conflicting thoughts about how to do them. Some people argue against creative labels.
Instead of calling a group The Lonewolf Planners, some would argue you should note them as “John, he’s into planning and thinking about planning. He should get a life.”
Take your own stance. Our brains apply these labels regardless of what’s written on the piece of paper anyway.
The basic info to think through are:
Their life goals,
Their decision-making goals,
How they behave in life,
How they make decisions,
Their pre-occupations, beliefs, passions and pain-points.
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How To Do Strategy
Example personas
I used to make a rap magazine and run an online message board so I like personas because they have helped me with editorial ideas. Around the year 2000, as people discovered the Internet, two personas popped into my world:
The young guy who was the only guy in his peer group or suburb or town and who was into underground hip hop culture. His goal was to find his people and he’d use obscure knowledge to compete for attention and to make his way up the hierarchy. Knowledge got him into the circle. If I was at an event at 10pm on a Friday night, this guy would want to talk about a sample on the third track on the B-side of a white-label vinyl.
Then there was an older crowd who were the superheroes of the 1980s - the early breakdancers, graffiti artists, rappers, DJs, magazine makers, and event promoters. I make these observations with love - not criticism - but, within this group, were people whose goal it was to reclaim their place in the hierarchy.
They wanted to reclaim their fame. They’d share rare photos, ask for contact details of people with whom they hung as teenagers, discuss who’d passed away and how. They wanted to keep memories alive and make sure others revered the memories.
These people are very real to me because I see hundreds of faces flash across these few sentences. And we could generate many ideas from these sentences. They tether my empathy and give me creative constraints with which to play.
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How To Do Strategy
The challenges with personas are that:
Someone with whom you work reads some article on some website that made fun of personas and will now disparage them.
Someone who’s into data will mention the phrase: “Well, it’s a segment of one.”
The internal consumer insight team will have spent a year developing their own segmentation. Often vague and like the other segmentations, these aren’t always useful but they make great neck weights.
The media company doesn’t want anything to do with any of it because it doesn’t match their media segmentation.
The user experience expert will think the personas are too flimsy and don’t contain enough graphs and charts.
So, a stalemate ensues. But a stalemate will only happen if you make the personas compete. Even if you never share personas and the personas are a few bullet points for each type of person you’re seeing, you’ll reach more specific thinking.
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How To Do Strategy
Having established your personas (some conventions say to use 4-6 but you can have as many as are useful and you can resource against), you may need to pick your most valuable – the sort of customer you wish you had more of. Perfect world, you’d validate that enough of them exist (or could be created) and match your investment against the possible business gain.
If you’re building a brand around one of these, you might use the term “perceptual target.”
This is the persona that anchors your brand, the person for whom you express most
empathy, whether or not they are your main buying audience. Often, a perceptual target is someone to whom we’d aspire. It could be a sneakerhead in the inner cities for a brand that makes money from kids in the suburbs. It could be a 20-something on a beach in Mexico for a brand that sells beer to middle-aged men trying to drink fewer calories.
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How To Do Strategy
Insight
Other than “strategy,” “insight” is one of the most overused and misused words in agency world. There’s a difference between “I’ve found some stuff,” and “I’ve found an insight.”
Insights are unspoken human truths, truths the subconscious recognizes when it sees them.
Often, insights are the arsenal of comedians and poets. For this reason, many creatives look up jokes about particular issues as inspiration for their ideas.
One of the best ways to find them? Start with something that seems obvious and keep asking
“Why?” and “What if?.”
I keep a book of observations and what comedians call premises. I do this because I like writing and to get good at any of this, we must practice. So, I capture tens of thoughts every day and then riff. For instance:
A mid-life crisis is death asking if you’re ready A mid-life crisis is life telling you to pay attention
A mid-life crisis is your young self convulsing at your old self A mid-life crisis is a cocaine bender for all your repressions
I’ve never done cocaine but I’ve put words together in this structure many times: X is Y. It’s a good way to practice and, yes, it’s a lateral thought and a lateral thought is an idea.
Strategy is a search for truth. You can always pull words and themes back but don’t fear taboos or the rawness of life. Taboos are relative and they are your tools. Of course, understand the business environment within which you operate because most business environments don’t like truth and this leads to one of the most challenging ironies about the planning career - Strategy is a search for truths that help businesses but most people in business flinch at the truth.
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How To Do Strategy
Brand or product truth
Your goal here is to find a truth about the brand or product that is both unique and motivating to its customers. A lot of established brands have been around for a long time. This may be
unique against their competitors but it is unlikely to motivate people.
You can start by listing things that come to mind, words from a brand spider, marketing words, and then go through your qualitative research (interviews, customer reviews, expert reviews), and use normal language.
Please use normal language. Have you read the homepage of this website?
With an army of words in front of you, you can stay literal or you can act like a writer and characterize what you see - give it some drama. Get the marketing language out of everyone’s heads and replace it with normal language.
A brand spider from a research company will include language that nobody uses outside meeting rooms. This is not useful language. Words like “performance,” “durability,”
“dependability,” and “ease of use” aren’t very useful. When reviews of a product that helps babies with explosive vomiting say that the product led to “amazing turnarounds” then this is something to investigate.
Also look for what you don’t have that others do – sometimes there’s something unique and motivating there. For example, one pet product I worked on wasn’t a scheduled poison – it was the only thing unique and motivating about it. We couldn’t claim it in public but the absence of something led to our brand idea.
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How To Do Strategy
Strategy Statement
A lot of “strategic thinking” doesn’t have a strategy. It has some observations (mis-called
“insights”) and a clunky single-minded proposition slightly connected to some of the observations. But a concise strategy statement is a useful way to ground your proposition and creative idea.
Common structures include:
Get / To / By - Get [persona] /To [do something] /By [us doing or saying something]
For / Only / Because
This format is clean. It groups two thoughts into an idea. It doesn’t impersonate a tagline or a campaign idea. And you can always write something more succinct as a single-minded proposition.
I like to write a sentence in this format:
Show that X is Y
Examples:
Show that a mid-life crisis is a wake-up call
Show that the New York Knicks are great anger management Show that Audi protects you from the clowns on the road
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How To Do Strategy
Single-minded proposition
Whatever you want to call this thing, it’s the guts of your strategy. It links and evolves the insight and brand truth in an interesting way. It’s a handful of words. There’s no role for a strategist unless they can flip the perspective on a problem/opportunity/brand/person.
A “flip” is more jargon for a lateral thought - “It’s not X, it’s Y.” Remember how good non-fiction writers lace their paragraphs with lateral thoughts. And remember this is what you do.
If you’re putting run-of-the-mill language like “convenience,” “quality,” and “easy” in here then I don’t believe there’s a need for you. Sorry not sorry.
Of course, if you put in chunky thoughts and the creative teams with whom you work aren’t used to chunky thoughts they may say you’re putting in ideas. You are. That’s the point. But you’re not putting in Creative Ideas or Advertising Ideas. They still need to make a whole lot of leaps with your stimulus and take it to another level.
If you choose to write a strategy statement as well, then it’s fine to repeat certain words. I’ll often riff on a theme and word through the problem, insight, brand truth, and strategy statement.
If you wrote a strategy statement for a mid-life crisis like the one above - “Show that a mid-life crisis is a wake-up call” - it works fine as it is. You could also write a proposition from it:
A mid-life crisis is a wake-up call A mid-life crisis will wake you up A mid-life crisis will wake up your life
You choose.
Now, for your thinking to stick, it’s good to have other minds leave fingerprints on it. Walk the proposition around the office before you make it official. Email a very short write-up about it to people. Hope that someone makes it better. The point is what gets done with it – not who does it.
Oh, and don’t try to write taglines here.
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How To Do Strategy
The experience
Mapping a customer experience is a useful exercise whether or not you’re involved with granular ideas along the experience. It will increase your empathy and help you understand the pain-points and obstacles that you may need to address through communication or product.
People dismiss customer experience maps for bizarre reasons. A few years ago, it was because people don’t buy things in a linear way or because technology has meant you can think of something and then buy it. These are red herrings - as is believing that whatever you create is correct in an absolute way. All of these tools exist to help you think and create, not to dictate how the world is and only is. That’s what religion is for.
You can create an experience model or map against different personas. At a high level, your experience model may address 5-7 key phases of someone’s interaction with you. If you think about the last time you bought a mobile phone. There may have been a trigger, you may have waited for your contract to expire, then you researched, asked around, validated with consumer and expert reviews, shopped, signed up, set up and used. If you put those basic phases into a matrix then mapped…
The issues (what challenges there are at each step),
The context (where the step happens: eg face to face, Google, Facebook), and The content needed to make a decision,
…you can map out a pretty solid plan. But approach these with two distinct mindsets - one is to map the natural behavior (the map) and the other is to put ideas against that behavior (the plan).
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How To Do Strategy
Ideas
In 2010, when I wrote this article, I thought the industry would move into what I saw as non- advertising ideas - it would use its brains to create products, communities, content, tools, to solve problems for brands that also solved problems for people. And then advertise those things.
If anything, advertising has become more advertising and those of us who had those fancy notions are more on the outskirts, pushed there by frenzied social media calendars, banal stock photos, a rapid news cycle, growth hacking, a resentment of thinking, and people who use numbers and process in spite of creativity - not for creativity.
Wherever you work, define what you mean when you use the word “idea” and use it with intention and know that ideas can come from anywhere but that the majority of us are mediocre at ideas, that because many of us can come up with ideas doesn’t mean we shouldn’t respect people who are talented at ideas, and that all our jobs are the mischief of ideas.
Also, remember that being good at ideas doesn’t mean you get to be an asshole.
And don’t forget to read How to explain an idea: a mega post for a mega post about ideas and How to make a presentation make a point for tips on how to present them.
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How To Do Strategy
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