APPROPRIATION LANGUAGE AND CITATIONS

The

Act of

August

10, 1846, 9 Stat. 102-106,

20

U.S.C. §§ 41-70, established the Smithsonian

Institution "forthe increase anddiffusion of knowledge," and provided the organizational structure for theInstitution's administration.

The

missionofthe Smithsonian Institution has remained

unchanged

throughoutits 150-yearhistory, althoughadditional authority for

many

ofthe Institution's

programs

and operations has beenenactedover the years.

Those

statutes, along withthe Smithsonian charter, are cited

below

asthe authority for the SmithsonianInstitution appropriation language, except

where

specific authorizing languagehas beenincluded in thewording oftheappropriation itself.

Appropriation: Salaries

and Expenses

1.

For

necessary expenses ofthe SmithsonianInstitution, as authorized

by

law, including research ⁱⁿ the fieldsofart, science, and history;

20 U.S.C.

§§ 50, 53a, 69, 75b(b), 76bb(c), 77a, 78, 80a(a),

80m,

80q-l(b)(1), (3) provide that (1) "...all objects ofart

and

offoreign and curiousresearch, and ^all objects of natural history, plants, andgeological and mineralogical specimens...^shall

be

so arranged and

classified...as best to facilitatetheexamination and study ofthem..." (2) "Appropriations are authorized for...the

making

ofsolarobservationsathigh altitudes..." (3)

"The

Secretary ofthe SmithsonianInstitution is hereby authorized... to continue independently orin cooperation anthropological researches

among

^the

^American

^{Indians and thenatives} oflands underthe jurisdiction orprotectionofthe United States.^.

.

" (4)

"The

Gallery [National Portrait Gallery] shallfunction as a freepublic

museum

^forthe exhibition and study ofportraiture

and

statuary depicting

men

and

women who

have

made

significant contributionsto the history, development, and cultureofthepeople ofthe United States and ofthe artists

who

created such portraitureand statuary." (5)

"The

Joseph

H.

Hirshhorn

Museum and

SculptureGarden...shallbe used for the storage, exhibition, and study of

works

ofart..." (6)

"The

nationalair

and

space

museum

shall...provide

educational material for thehistorical study ofaviation and space flight." (7)

"The

Secretary oftheSmithsonian Institution isauthorizedto cooperate with any State, educational institution, or scientific organization inthe United States forcontinuing

paleontological investigations..." (8) "It shall be equipped with a study centerfor scholarly researchinto the

meaning

of war, its effect

on

civilization, and the role ofthe

armed

forces..." (9) "...the

Board

may...conduct

programs

ofresearch and education (in the

Museum

ofAfrican Art)... "(10)

The

purposes ofthe National

Museum

^[ofthe

^American

Indian] are to (1) advancethe study of Native Americans, including the study oflanguage, literature, history, art, anthropology, and life...(3) provide for Native

American

research and study programs.

2. development, preservation,

and

documentation oftheNational Collections;

20 U.S.C.

§§ 50, 50a, 59, 69, 75e, 76c, 76cc(a), 77a, 80a,

80m,

80q-l(b)(2), 81 provide that (1) "...all objects ofart and offoreign and curious research, and all objects ofnatural history, plants,

and

geological and mineralogical specimens...shall be deliveredto such

persons as

may

beauthorized

by

the

Board

ofRegents to receive them, and shall be so arranged and classified...as best tofacilitate the examination and study ofthem..." (2)

"The

Smithsonian Institution is authorized to include in its estimates ofappropriations such

sums

as

may

beneedful forthepreservation and maintenance of^theJohn Gellatly art collection." (3) "All collectionsofrocks, minerals, soils, fossils, and objects ofnatural history, archaeology, and ethnology...

when no

longerneeded for investigations in progress shall be deposited inthe National

Museum."

(4)

"The

Secretary ofthe SmithsonianInstitution is hereby authorized... to continue independently orin

cooperation... the excavationand preservation ofarchaeological remains." (5) "...the

Board may

^- (1) purchase, accept, borrow, or otherwise acquireportraiture, statuary, and otheritems for preservation, exhibition, or study." (6) "...the Regents are authorized...to

acquire (bypurchase or otherwise) and sell contemporary

works

ofart orcopies thereof..

.

" (7) "There is established in the SmithsonianInstitution a

Board

of

Trustees...which ^shall have the sole authority (i) to purchaseor otherwise acquire...

works

ofart for the Joseph

H. Hirshhom Museum

and SculptureGarden..." (8)

"The

national air

and space

museum

shall...collect, preserve, and display aeronautical and space flight

equipment ofhistorical interestand significance..." ₍₉₎ "...the Smithsonian Institution shall collect, preserve, andexhibit military objects ofhistorical interestand significance."

(10) "...the

Board may

purchase, accept,

borrow

orotherwise acquire additional

works

of art orany other real or personal property for the

Museum

(ofAfrican Art); preserve, maintain, restore...or otherwise hold any property ofwhatsoever nature acquired..." (11)

The

purposes ofthe National

Museum

[of the

American

Indian] are to...(2) collect, preserve, and exhibit Native

American

objects ofartistic, historical, literary,

anthropological, and scientific interest..." (12)

"The

National Zoological Park isplaced underthe direction ofthe Regents ofthe Smithsonian Institution,

who

are authorized to transfer to it any living specimens, whether ofanimals orplants, in theircharge, to accept gifts for the park... to

make

exchanges ofspecimens..."

3. presentation of public exhibits and performances;

20 U.S.C.§§

75b(b), 76c(b), 76bb(c), 77a, 80a(a), 80m(a), 80q-l(b) provide that (1)

"The

Gallery [National Portrait Gallery] shall function as a freepublic

museum

forthe exhibition and study ofportraiture and statuary..." (2) "In order to encourage the development of contemporary art and to effectthe widest distribution and cultivation in matters ofsuch art, the Regents areauthorized to...conduct exhibitions..." (3)

"The

Joseph

H. Hirshhom Museum

and Sculpture Garden...shall be used for the storage, exhibition, and study of

works

ofart..." (4)

"The

national air and space

museum

shall...collect, preserve, and display aeronautical and space flight equipment ofhistorical interestand significance..." (5) "...the Smithsonian Institution shall collect, preserve, and exhibit military objects ofhistorical interest and significance." (6) "...the

Board

may...display...any property of whatsoevernature acquired (forthe

Museum

ofAfrican Art)..." (7)

The

purposes ofthe National

Museum

[ofthe

American

Indian] are to...(2) collect, preserve, and exhibit Native

American

objects ofartistic, historical, literary, anthropological, and scientific interest..."

4. collection, preparation, dissemination, and exchange of information and publications;

20 U.S.C.§

53aprovides that "Appropriationsare authorizedforthe...preparation of manuscripts, drawings, and illustrationsfor publication."

5. conduct ofeducation, training, and

museum

assistanceprograms;

20 U.S.C.§

65aprovides

"The

Directorof theNational

Museum

underthe direction ofthe Secretary oftheSmithsonian Institution shall ^- (1) cooperate with

museums

and their professional organizations ⁱⁿ a continuing study of

museum

problems and opportunities, both inthe United States and abroad; ₍₂₎ prepare and distribute significant

museum

publications; ₍₃₎ perform research on, and otherwise contribute to, thedevelopment of

museum

techniques..."

20 U.S.C.§

77aprovidesthat

"The

national air and space

museum

shall...provide educational material forthehistorical study ofaviation

and

space flight.

"

20 U.S.C.§

79aprovidesthat

"The

purpose of settingaside such an area [Barro Colorado Island] is topreserve

and

conserve its natural features...thus providing aplace

where

duly qualified students can

make

observationsand scientificinvestigations for increase of knowledge, under such conditions and regulations as

may

beprescribed

by

the SmithsonianInstitution.

"

20 U.S.C.

§ 79e providesthat "Thereareauthorized tobe appropriatedannually...such

sums

as are necessary for the administrationof[the Canal

Zone

Biological Area] for the maintenance oflaboratory or otherfacilities..."

The Panama

Canal Treaty andancillary agreements vest in the Smithsonian Tropical Research Instituteresponsibility to serveas custodian oftheBarro Colorado Nature

Monument. The Panama

CanalAct of 1979, Public

Law

96-70, as

amended,

implements theprovisions ofthe

Panama

Canal Treaty.

20 U.S.C.

§ 80m(a)(3) providesthat "...the

Board may.

..conduct

programs

ofresearch and education (in the

Museum

ofAfrican Art)..

.

"

6. maintenance, alteration, operation, lease (for termsnot to exceed ^thirty years), and protection of buildings, facilities, and approaches;

20 U.S.C.

§§ 53a, 76g, 76ee, 79b,

80m,

81 provide that (1) "Appropriations are authorized for the maintenance ofthe Astrophysical Observatory and...forrepairs and alterations ofbuildings and grounds occupied

by

the Smithsonian Institution in the District of

Columbia and

elsewhere..

.

" (2) "There areauthorizedto be appropriated annually such

sums

as

may

be necessary to maintainand administerthe Gallery [National Portrait Gallery]..." ₍₃₎ "There isauthorized to beappropriated...such additional

sums

as

may

be necessary forthe maintenance and operation of such [Hirshhorn]

[M]useum and

[S]culpture [G]arden.^" (4)

"The

Smithsonian Institution shall...be responsible forthe construction and maintenance of^laboratory andother facilities

on

theareaprovided for the use ofstudents authorizedto carry

on

studies withinthe confines ofthe area..." (5) "...the

Board may.

^..preserve, maintain...anyproperty of whatsoever natureacquired (forthe

Museum

ofAfrican Art)..." (6)

"The

National Zoological Park isplaced underthe

directionofthe Regents ofthe Smithsonian Institution,

who

areauthorized... to administer and improve the said ZoologicalPark for the

advancement

ofscienceand the instruction and recreation ofthepeople." Public

Law

101-512

making

appropriations ^{for the} Department ofthe Interiorand Related Agencies forthefiscal year 1991 extended the

maximum

term

from

ten years to thirty years.

7. notto exceed $ for services asauthorized

by5U.S.C.§3109;

5

U.S.C.§ 3109

provides that

"When

authorized

by

an appropriation or other ^{statute, the} head of an agency

may

procure

by

contract the temporary (not in excess of 1 year) or intermittent services of experts or consultantsor an organization thereof, including stenographic reporting services.

"

8.

up

to 5 replacementpassenger vehicles;

31

U.S.C.§

1343 provides that "(b)

An

appropriation

may

be

expended

to

buy

or lease passenger

motor

vehicles

only—

(1) for the use of—..._{or, (2)} as specifically provided by law.

9. purchase, rental, repair, andcleaning ofuniforms for employees;

5

U.S.C.§

5901 provides that "(a) Thereis authorized to be appropriated annually to each agency ofthe

Government

ofthe United States,...

on

a showing ofnecessity or

desirability, such

sums

as

may

be necessary to carry out this subchapter.

The

head ofthe agency concerned... shall— (1) furnish to each ofthese employees a uniform at a cost not to exceed

$400

a year...or (2) pay to each ofthese employeesa allowance for a uniform not to exceed

$400

a year..."

40 U.S.C.§

193t provides that

"The

specialpoliceprovided for in section 193n ofthistitle

[Smithsonian Institution]...

may

be furnished, without charge, with uniforms and such other equipmentas

may

be necessary for the proper performance oftheir duties..

.

"

10. of

which

not to exceed $ for the instrumentationprogram, collections acquisition,

Museum

Support Centerequipment and

move,

exhibition reinstallation, the National

Museum

ofthe

American

Indian, and the repatriation of skeletal remains

program

shall remain availableuntil

expended;

Wording

added

by

the Congress in Public

Law

100-446

making

appropriations for the

Department

of the Interiorand related agencies for the fiscal year 1989 to permit the Institution to establish no-yearfunding within the Salaries and Expenses account for the

development of majorscientific instrumentation. Public

Law

101-512

making

appropriationsfortheDepartment ofthe Interior and Related Agencies for the fiscal year 1991 also allowed no-year fundingto be usedforpurchases for

museum

collections; the costs ofpurchasing collections storage equipment and thepreparation ofobjectsand the

move

ofcollections to the

Museum

Support Center; the design, production, and

reinstallation of

museum

exhibitions; the operatingcosts associated with the

new

National

Museum

ofthe

American

Indian; and the repatriation ofskeletalremains. In addition, Public

Law

103-332

making

appropriationsfor the

Department

ofthe Interior and Related Agencies for the fiscal year 1995 established no-year funding forresearch equipment;

information technology needs; and Latino

programming

at theInstitution.

31

U.S.C.§

1301(c) provides

"An

appropriation in aregular, annual appropriation law

may

be construed tobe permanent or availablecontinuously only ifthe appropriation .. .

(2) expressly provides that it isavailable afterthe fiscal year covered

by

the law in

which

it appears."

11. and, including such fundsas

may

be necessary to support

American

overseas research centers and a totalof$ forthe Council of

American

Overseas Research Centers:

Wording added by

the Congress in Public

Law

99-190

making

appropriations for the

Department

ofInterior andRelated Agencies in 1986. Public

Law

100-446

making

appropriations for the

Department

ofthe Interior

and

Related Agencies forthefiscal year

1989 modified referenceto add specific dollar

sum

to be provided to the Council of

American

Overseas Research Centers.

12. Provided, That fundsappropriated herein are availableforadvance

payments

to independent contractorsperforming research services orparticipating in official Smithsonian presentations.

31

U.S.C.§ 3324

provides that "(b)

An

advance ofpublic

money may

be

made

only ifit is

authorized

by—

(1) a specific appropriation or otherlaw..."

Appropriation: Construction

and Improvements,

National Zoological

Park

1.

For

necessaryexpenses ofplanning, construction, remodeling, and equipping ofbuildings and

facilities at theNational Zoological Park,

20 U.S.C.§

81 provides that

"The

National Zoological Park isplaced under the direction ofthe Regents ofthe Smithsonian Institution,

who

are authorized...to administer and

improve

the said Zoological Park for the

advancement

ofscience and the instruction and recreation ofthepeople.

"

2.

by

contract or otherwise,

Wording

for clarification only.

3. to remain ^{availableuntil} expended.

31

U.S.C.§

1301(c) provides

"An

appropriation in aregular, annual appropriation law

may

be construed to be permanent or available continuously only ifthe appropriation.. .

(2) expressly provides that it isavailable after the fiscal yearcovered

by

thelaw in

which

it appears."

Appropriation:

Repair and

Restoration of Buildings

1.

For

necessary expensesofrepairand restoration ofbuildings

owned

oroccupied

by

the

Smithsonian Institution, by contract or otherwise, as authorized

by

section 2 ofthe Act of August 22, 1949 (63 Stat. 623),

20 U.S.C.§

53aprovides ^that "Appropriations are authorized... for repairsand alterations of buildings and grounds occupied

by

the SmithsonianInstitution in the District of

Columbia

and elsewhere.^..

"

2. including notto exceed $ for services as authorized by 5

U.S.C.§

3109,

5

U.S.C.§ 3109

providesthat

"When

authorized

by

an appropriation or other statute, the head of an agency

may

procure

by

contract the temporary (not in excess of 1 year) or intermittent services ofexperts orconsultants or an organization thereof, including stenographic reporting services."

3. to remain available until expended:

31

U.S.C.§

1301 provides

"An

appropriation in a regular, annual appropriation law

may

be construed to be permanent oravailable continuously only iftheappropriation

—

^...

expresslyprovides that it isavailable after the fiscal yearcovered

by

thelaw in

which

it

appears."

4. Provided, That contracts

awarded

forenvironmental systems, protection systems, and exterior repair or restoration of buildings ofthe Smithsonian Institution

may

be negotiated with selected contractors and

awarded on

the basis ofcontractorqualifications as well as price.

Wording

added to allow for negotiations with the most competent firms for restoration and renovation

work where

it can be certified that such

work

must be performed to

meet

the special needs of historic structures, the protection ofcollections, or public safety.

Appropriation: Construction

1.

For

necessary expenses for construction,

20 U.S.C.§

53a providesthat "Appropriations are authorized... for repairs and alterations ofbuildings and grounds occupied

by

theSmithsonian Institution in the District of

Columbia

and elsewhere..."

2. to remainavailableuntil expended.

31

U.S.C.§

1301(c) provides

"An

appropriation in aregular, annual appropriation law

may

beconstruedto

be

permanent or availablecontinuously only ifthe appropriation.. .

(2) expressly provides that it is available after the fiscal yearcovered

by

thelaw ⁱⁿ

which

it appears."

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