answer such fundamental questions as why did it happen? What are its causes? What are its effects? How is it related casually to something else? It tells why something turns out the way it does. In some cases, a single cause may contribute heavily to a single effect or result.
The transition signals used in cause and effect essay are: also, more important, serious cause /effect, as a result, most important /serious cause /effect, because one cause /effect; another cause /effect, the final cause /effect a primary cause; a secondary cause, the first, second, a short-term effect; a long-term effect third cause /effect, for this reason, consequently, by mean of, in effect, accordingly, on account of, and so forth.
The thesis statement for cause and effect essay can simply state briefly the causes to be discussed or it may express the most significant cause. They are one of the most common forms of organization in academic writing. Sometimes the whole essay will be cause and effect, though sometimes this may be only part of the whole essay. It is also possible, especially for short exam essays, that only the causes or the effects, not both, are discussed. For example, the writer writes a cause and effect essay about ‘Failing a writing course’.
Then, he/she identifies some possible causes such as not studying, not going to class, not doing assignments, not taking quizzes and tests, not getting help with problems and questions, not asking questions if material is not understood. Next, he/she identifies some possible effects such as losing the value of tuition already paid, losing student aid, getting discouraged, and dropping out, feeling angry or depressed. In conclusion, the writer reminds readers of the main point and makes an observation about it based on what he/she has written
Structure a cause and effect essay. There are two main ways to structure a cause and effect essay. These are similar
to the ways to structure problem-solution essays, namely using a block or a chain structure. For the block structure, all of the causes are listed first, and all of the effects are listed afterwards.
For the chain structure, each cause is followed immediately by the effect. Usually that effect will then be the cause of the next effect, which is why this structure is called ‘chain’. Both types of structure have their merits.
The former is generally clearer, especially for shorter essays, while the latter ensures that any affects you present relate directly to the causes you have given. The two types of structure, block and chain, are shown in the table below.
Table 10. The structure of a cause and effect essay
Block Structure Chain Structure
Introduction Cause 1 Cause 2
...Transition sentence/para- graph
Effect 1 Effect 2 ...Conclusion
Introduction
Cause 1 and Effect of Cause 1 Cause 2 and Effect of Cause 2 Cause 3 and Effect of Cause 3 ...
Conclusion
There are several ways to write a cause effect essay. In the Introduction, try to give the reader a general idea of what the cause and effect essay will contain. For an experienced reader, a thesis statement will be an indication that the writers know what they are writing about. It is also important to emphasize how and why this problem is relevant to modern life. After handling an introduction part, the next step is to write cause and effect paragraphs. Write each paragraph according to an outline. Do not forget to organize supporting cause and effect essay ideas before
moving to the main body of the essay. Back the thesis statement with relevant and significant nuances.
In the body paragraphs, provide plenty of details about what causes led to the effects. To begin with, try to make each paragraph the same length: it looks better visually. Then, try to avoid weak or unconvincing causes. This is a common mistake, and the reader will quickly realize that the writers are just trying to write enough characters to reach the required word count.
As any type of essay, cause and effect should have a conclusion.
The first point is that the conclusion should start with a topic sentence that restates the thesis statement. It should be followed by a station of the main points of the essay. It is important not to repeat or copy paste the ideas of the thesis statement. Writers should analyze them and briefly sum them up.
In the concluding part, the writers should bring up the arguments together to show their relevance and the main point.
Conclude the whole essay by summarizing the whole essay. The Conclusion must be a summary of the thesis statement that the writers proposed in the introduction. An effective conclusion means that the writers have a well-developed understanding of the subject. Notably, writing the conclusion can be one of the most challenging parts of this kind of project.
The steps to write a cause effect essay are illustrated in Table 11
Table 11. The steps to write a cause effect essay
Steps Activities
Step 1.
Support the main point
Prewrite to find causes and /or effects.
Choose the most significant causes and /or effects.
Explain the causes /effects with detailed examples.
Step 2.
Make a plan Arrange the causes /effects in a logical order (space, time, or importance).
Step 3.
Write a draft Consider using one of the introduction types Include the thesis statement in the introduction.
Using the plan, write topic sentences for each of the causes or effects.
Write paragraphs with detailed examples of the causes or effects.
Step 4.
Revise the draft Get feedback from others using the peer-review guide for cause and effect
Cut anything that does not directly explain what caused or resulted from the situation or event.
Add examples and details that help readers understand the causes and /or effects.
Add transitions to move readers from one cause or ef- fect to the next or from causes to effects.
Step 5
Edit the revised draft
Correct errors in grammar, spelling, word use, and punctuation
At the core of the cause/effect essay stands an approach that explains a cause and effect relationship between events or items.
This type of essay could be written in two ways. The mind map for writing cause-effect essays is illustrated in Figure 15.
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Source: https://slideplayer.com Figure 15. The mind map for writing cause effect essay
Here is a cause and effect essay:
The Effects of the Civil War on the South The immediate ravages of war most deeply affected the South, since most of the fighting took place there with the usual consequences. Crops were destroyed, homes and farm buildings went up in flames and towns were occupied. Even before he took Atlanta and began his march through Georgia to the sea, Sherman wrote to his wife: “We have devoured the land… All people retire before us and desolation is behind. To realize what war is one should follow our tracks.” But this was only the most dramatic example of the misery wrought by the war.
The relentless pressure of the federal naval blockade of Southern ports, the presence on Southern soil of Union armies, the cutting of Texas and Arkansas by Grant’s campaign along the Mississippi River, the steady shrinking of Southern resources chewed up by military demand-all these combined to ruin the Southern economy and make miserable the lives of the people.
The transportation system broke down, shortages of many goods Source: https://slideplayer.com Figure 15. The mind map for writing cause effect essay
Here is a cause and effect essay:
The Effects of the Civil War on the South
The immediate ravages of war most deeply affected the South, since most of the fighting took place there with the usual consequences. Crops were destroyed, homes and farm buildings went up in flames and towns were occupied. Even before he took Atlanta and began his march through Georgia to the sea, Sherman wrote to his wife: “We have devoured the land…
All people retire before us and desolation is behind. To realize what war is one should follow our tracks.” But this was only the most dramatic example of the misery wrought by the war.
The relentless pressure of the federal naval blockade of Southern ports, the presence on Southern soil of Union armies, the cutting of Texas and Arkansas by Grant’s campaign along the Mississippi River, the steady shrinking of Southern resources chewed up by
military demand-all these combined to ruin the Southern economy and make miserable the lives of the people. The transportation system broke down, shortages of many goods developed, coffee disappeared, salt became scarce, and inflation by 1864 led to butter selling at $25 a pound and flour at $275 a barrel.
Impoverishment was the fate of many, and disease the byproduct of poverty. Women and children tried to carry on the work of the farms and the shops, but by 1864 the task had become too great for many, the penalties in suffering too high.
Intellectual and cultural life in the South suffered devastating blows under the impact of war. Many private plantation libraries were destroyed; the importation of books was severely limited by the blockade; book publishing was greatly restricted by the lack of paper; some of the books published came out on coarse brown paper or even wallpaper, and in all cases the number of copies was far below the demand. Newspapers and periodicals were equally hard hit, some being forced to suspend publication, others coming out on half-sheets, mere slips of paper, or wallpaper. Except for a few isolated instances, the public school system broke down, private academies closed or survived on a day-to-day basis, and colleges closed for lack of private or public funds.
The war was clearly an economic, social, and cultural disaster for the South. Scarcely a single aspect of life remained unaffected.
7 The Learners’ Perceived On Direct Teacher Corrective In L2 Writing Class
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his chapter presents research findings and discussion.The findings and discussion are designed to answer the single research question. That is, the students’ perceive on direct written corrective feedback in L2 writing.