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Abstract Mindfulness meditation as an intervention to promote stress reduction has become increasingly studied and implemented over the last decade and consis- tently shows promising bene fi cial effects on psychological well-being. The devel- opment of mindfulness is integrated in several structured training programs and therapies such as mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, as well as programs integrating mindfulness training speci fi cally developed for cancer patients. These programs and therapies have shown promising results in improving different psychological outcomes. In particular, mindfulness-based stress reduction programs have shown a strong potential for changing peoples’ experi- ences of stress-related complaints and increasing well-being. A meta-analysis of results from randomized controlled studies of mindfulness training among cancer patients presented in this chapter gives support for the positive effect of such inter- ventions. Results show moderate intervention effect sizes for increased positive affective outcomes, such as quality of life and frequency of positive experiences;
increases in physical health outcomes and measures of mindfulness; and reduction of negative affective outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and perceived stress.